进展期远端胃癌D2根治术No.12b组淋巴结清扫60例分析

目的探讨进展期远端胃癌行D2根治术时No.12b组淋巴结清扫的必要性及可行性,及No.12b组淋巴结转移与临床病理因素的关系。方法回顾性收集60例进展期远端胃癌患者的病例资料,患者行D2或D2^＋根治术,并均加行No.12b组淋巴结清扫术。分析No.12b组淋巴结转移与临床病理因素的关系。结果全组无手术死亡病例,无严重并发症发生。60例患者中发现12例有No.12b组淋巴结转移,转移率为20.00%。其中BorrmannⅢ、Ⅳ型者No.12b组淋巴结转移率为31.25%（10/32）,淋巴结转移N2～3期者为30.30%（10/33）,肿瘤浸润T3～4期者为29.73%（11/37）,明显高于BorrmannⅠ、Ⅱ型〔7.14%（2/28）〕,N0～1期〔7.41%（2/27）〕及T1～2期者〔4.35%（1/23）〕,P〈0.05;No.12b组淋巴结转移与肿瘤的大小无关（P〉0.05）。结论 No.12b组淋巴结清扫术对于进展期胃远端癌是必要且可行的,其远期效果有待大样本的前瞻性研究进一步证实。     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术淋巴结清扫技巧

正1994年,Kitano等~([1])首次报道了腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗早期胃癌。经过二十余年的发展,腹腔镜早期胃癌根治术已被新版的日本胃癌治疗规约接受为IA期胃癌的标准治疗方案之一。1997年,Goh等~([2])首次将腹腔镜技术用于治疗局部进展期远端胃癌,取得了良好的近期疗效,促使腹腔镜胃癌根治术的手术指征从早期胃癌扩大到较早期的进展期胃癌,在世界范围内得到较为广泛的开展~([3-6])。胃的解剖层面多,血供丰     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术淋巴结清扫的若干问题

自1993年Azagra等[1]首次施行腹腔镜胃癌手术以来,国内外应用腹腔镜手术治疗胃癌的报道日渐增多,形成了胃肠道肿瘤外科发展的一种趋势。我国是胃癌高发区,但腹腔镜胃癌手术却未象腹腔镜胆囊切除术那样发展迅速,还仅限于少数腹腔镜技术成熟和手术设备完善的大医院,报道的例数也不多。究其原因,主要在于人们担心腹腔镜胃癌手术能否完成包括淋巴结清扫在内的所有根治步骤。要使腹腔镜胃癌根治术得到进一步推广应用,就必须加以解决。为此,本文结合国内外最新进展对相关问题进行阐述和讨论。1概述近年来,随着腹腔镜技术的普及和腔镜器械、设备的…     

腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术D2淋巴结清扫—四角吻合

探查胃窦肿物,见浆膜层受累,第6组淋巴结转移可能性大,建议进行14v组淋巴结清扫。过程包括打开胃结肠韧带,解剖胃结肠静脉干、肝十二指肠韧带、小网膜、胃胰皱襞,分别于根部离断胃网膜左血管、胃网膜右血管、胃右血管、胃左血管,清扫第1、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、11p、12a、12p、14v组淋巴洁,完成D2腹腔淋巴结清扫。腔镜下离断十二指肠及部分远端胃,标本取出后行胃十二指肠毕I式吻合(四角吻合)。     

进展期远端胃癌D_2根治术No.12b组淋巴结清扫60例分析

目的探讨进展期远端胃癌行D2根治术时No.12b组淋巴结清扫的必要性及可行性,及No.12b组淋巴结转移与临床病理因素的关系。方法回顾性收集60例进展期远端胃癌患者的病例资料,患者行D2或D2+根治术,并均加行No.12b组淋巴结清扫术。分析No.12b组淋巴结转移与临床病理因素的关系。结果全组无手术死亡病例,无严重并发症发生。60例患者中发现12例有No.12b组淋巴结转移,转移率为20.00%。其中BorrmannⅢ、Ⅳ型者No.12b组淋巴结转移率为31.25%(10/32),淋巴结转移N2～3期者为30.30%(10/33),肿瘤浸润T3～4期者为29.73%(11/37),明显高于BorrmannⅠ、Ⅱ型〔7.14%(2/28)〕,N0～1期〔7.41%(2/27)〕及T1～2期者〔4.35%(1/23)〕,P0.05;No.12b组淋巴结转移与肿瘤的大小无关(P0.05)。结论 No.12b组淋巴结清扫术对于进展期胃远端癌是必要且可行的,其远期效果有待大样本的前瞻性研究进一步证实。     

腹腔镜胃癌D2手术淋巴结清扫原则与技巧

胃癌腹腔镜手术是近年胃癌外科发展的热点,自1991年日本Kitano等[1]率先开展腹腔镜胃癌根治术以来,腹腔镜胃癌手术报道逐年增加,手术适应证亦逐步扩大,由早期胃癌拓展到较早的进展期胃癌,淋巴结清扫范围亦由D1、D1+逐步发展到D2。1997年Goh等[2]首次将腹腔镜胃癌D2手术用于治疗进展期胃癌,此后腹腔镜胃癌D2手术报道逐渐增多     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术中No.16淋巴结清扫价值及技术要点

D2淋巴结清扫是局部进展期胃癌（LAGC）的标准手术方式,但关于LAGC病人是否行腹主动脉旁淋巴结（No.16淋巴结）清扫（PAND）仍存在争议。对于局限于No.16a2、No.16b1淋巴结转移、不伴有其他非治愈因素的LAGC病人,经多学科讨论,筛选出PAND的获益人群,在新辅助治疗有效的前提下,建议行扩大D2+PAND,以期达到R0切除。随着腹腔镜技术的快速发展,临床研究结果现已证实,在进展期胃癌病人中,腹腔镜手术的安全性及效果不亚于开放手术,故腹腔镜下PAND的手术也具有一定的临床应用前景。对于伴有No.16淋巴结转移的LAGC病人,如何合理地选择治疗模式及规范地开展腹腔镜下PAND手术仍然是外科医生面临的挑战。     

手辅助腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术中淋巴结清扫模式分析

目的探讨手辅助腹腔镜胃癌D：根治术中的淋巴结清扫模式。方法回顾性分析成都军区总医院全军普通外科中心胃肠外科2010年12月至2012年9月间,采用自行设计的手术操作系统所实施的111例手辅助腹腔镜胃癌D：根治术患者的临床资料。患者均采用自左向右、伴随肿瘤一并完整切除的淋巴结清扫模式（逆向卷席式淋巴结清扫模式）,即手辅助腹腔镜下完成胃近端区域淋巴结清扫后,在预切除线切断胃或食管,将切除组织移出腹腔外,在直视下完成其他区域的淋巴结清扫．完整切除肿瘤组织,最后进行消化道重建。结果全组患者手术切口长度（6．8±0．3）em;术中出血量（238．4＋113．6）ml;手术时间（171．9±23．3）min。手术切缘残端均无癌残留,病理检获淋巴结数（17．2＋5．7）枚／例。术后并发症10例（9．0％）,围手术期死亡1例（0．9％）;术后住院时间（10．1±3．7）d。结论逆向卷席式淋巴结清扫模式可以避免开腹与腹腔镜手术模式的多次转换,有利于手辅助腹腔镜胃癌D：根治术操作流程的标准化。     

幽门下区淋巴结清扫在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的解剖学意义

自腹腔镜胃癌手术问世以来,其独特的多视角及其术野放大作用使得胃癌手术操作进入了“精准”的时代。尽管现有研究表明,腹腔镜胃癌手术与传统开腹手术在根治程度上的差异无统计学意义,但其在胃癌根治淋巴结清扫过程中显现的创伤小和出血少的优势得到广泛认可。No．6组淋巴结作为幽门下区淋巴结的代表,在胃癌根治术中占有特别重要的地位。开展腹腔镜胃癌根治术初期,因幽门下区血管多、变异多,外科医生通常将其视为整个手术操作的难点。然而．随着经验的不断积累我们发现．幽门下区是整个胃癌根治术的“关口”。遵循正确的解剖平面达到此处淋巴结完整清扫的同时,也可为其他区域淋巴结清扫打开局面。     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术的淋巴结清扫

胃周淋巴结清扫是胃癌根治术重点和难点之一,临床上已广泛开展腹腔镜胃癌根治术。结合文献对腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的淋巴结清扫问题做一综述。腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的淋巴结清扫主要应用于进展期胃癌,顺利完成淋巴结清扫要求施术者必须熟悉腹腔镜视角下的解剖定位标志、各组淋巴结在腹腔镜下的解剖位置、各个解剖平面和良好的团队合作等。     

Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Objective  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and value of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for early stage gastric cancer (stages IA, IB, and II). Materials and Methods  We retrospectively assessed 101 cases treated by LADG and compared to 49 contemporaneous cases treated by open distal gastrectomy (DG) between 2001 and 2006. Clinical variables, such as tumor diameter, operation time, blood loss, number of lymph nodes dissected, and length of stay were investigated. Results  Tumor size (mm) was significantly smaller in the LADG group (p < 0.0001). Although operation time (min) in the two groups was similar (278 ± 57 vs. 268 ± 55), mean blood loss was significantly higher in the DG group (139 ± 181 vs. 460 ± 301, p < 0.0001). Fewer lymph nodes were harvested in the LADG group (27 ± 14 vs. 34 ± 19, p = 0.012). Hospital stay was longer in the DG group (13.3 ± 8.5 vs. 16.7 ± 10.5, p = 0.034). There was no mortality in either group. Postoperative surgical complications occurred in six (6%) of the LADG and four (8%) of the DG. Conclusions  The authors conclude that laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy is a safe and useful operation for early-stage gastric cancers. If patients are selected properly, laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy can be a curative and minimally invasive treatment for gastric cancer. Presented at The Forty-Eighth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Washington DC, May 19–24, 2007.     

胃癌根治术中No.12a淋巴结正确清扫的意义和技巧

目的探讨胃癌根治术中No.12a淋巴结清扫的意义和技巧。方法回顾性分析笔者所在科室行No.12a淋巴结清扫的68例Ⅳ期胃癌患者的临床资料,结合笔者的手术实践提出在胃癌根治术时,清扫该组淋巴结的经验和体会。结果 68例Ⅳ期胃癌中共检出No.12a淋巴结556枚(5～11枚/例),平均8.17枚/例,No.12a淋巴结转移率为33.27%(185/556)。本组病例术后无吻合口漏、淋巴管瘘、出血等并发症发生。结论熟悉肝固有动脉周围解剖以及鞘内淋巴结清扫,胃左静脉和胃右动脉自根部结扎以及门静脉前壁和胃十二指肠动脉的充分显露是彻底清扫No.12a淋巴结的关键。     

腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治手术的路径

目的:探讨腹腔镜端胃癌D2根治术的合理手术路径.方法:分析23例行腹腔镜端胃癌D2根治手术治疗的手术路径.结果:23例中22例完成腹腔镜手术,手术时间平均(232±35)min,术中出血平均(130±50)mL,平均清扫淋巴结(19±5)枚,术后胃肠功能恢复时间2~4 d.结论:腹腔镜端胃癌D2根治手术遵循从下到上、从右到左、从胃大弯到胃小弯的操作顺序是合理、可行的,淋巴清扫时,胰腺是手术操作的主要解剖定位标志,胃十二指肠动脉是最重要的血管定位标志.     

Totally Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Background and Objectives:

Recent studies have supported minimally invasive techniques as a viable alternative to open surgery in the treatment of gastric cancer. The goal of this study is to review our institution''s experience with totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of both early- and advanced-stage gastric cancer.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted to examine the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy performed at Monmouth Medical Center between May 2003 and June 2012. We reviewed postoperative complications, surgical margins, number of resected lymph nodes, estimated blood loss, length of stay, narcotic use, and recurrence rate.

Results:

Forty patients were included in the study. There were 21 cases of adenocarcinoma, 15 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 2 cases of carcinoid, 1 case of small cell neuroendocrine tumor, and 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma. The mean operative time was 220 minutes (range, 67–450 minutes). The median length of stay was 6 days (range, 1–37 days). The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 11. Early postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients and included anastomotic stricture, wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, bowel obstruction, and esophageal pneumatosis. There were two deaths. The Kaplan-Meier 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival rate for all cases of adenocarcinoma was 63.2%.

Conclusions:

Totally laparoscopic gastrectomy is a reasonable option for the treatment of gastric malignancy, with early data showing acceptable survival rates and perioperative outcomes. Large-scale randomized trials are still needed to confirm oncologic equivalency to open gastrectomy in patients with advanced disease.     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌 D2根治术的对比研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术的可行性及有效性。方法2011年1月～2012年1月行腹腔镜胃癌根治术35例（腹腔镜组）,并与同期37例开腹手术（开腹组）比较手术时间、术后恢复、手术并发症等。结果与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组手术时间显著延长[（230．4±40．6） min vs．（160．1±33．5） min,t ＝8．032,P ＝0．000],但术中出血量明显减少[（103．1±77．6）ml vs．（159．4±79．6）ml,t＝-3．036,P＝0．003],肛门排气时间明显缩短[（4．3±0．8）d vs．（5．4±0．9）d, t＝5．336,P＝0．000]。2组近切缘距肿瘤距离[（5．3±0.8）cm vs．（5．0±0．7）cm,t＝1．696,P＝0．094],远切缘距肿瘤距离[（5．3±0．7）cm vs．（5．2±0．7）cm,t＝0．606,P＝0．547],淋巴结清扫数目[（21．1±5．1）枚 vs．（23．1±6．3）枚,t＝-1．476, P＝0．145],第一站淋巴结转移阳性率[42．9％（15/35） vs．45．9％（17/37）,χ2＝0．069,P＝0．792],第二站淋巴结转移阳性率[34．3％（12/35） vs．37．8％（14/37）,χ2＝0．098,P＝0．754]和近期并发症发生率[8．6％（3/35） vs．18．9％（7/37）,χ2＝0.861,P＝0．353]无统计学差异。结论腹腔镜下胃癌D2根治术治疗胃癌安全、可行、有效、创伤小且近期效果良好。     

腹腔镜远端胃癌D_2根治术手术路径的临床应用研究

目的探讨腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术手术路径的临床效果。方法 2007年10月-2010年5月,对56例远端胃癌实施腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治手术。手术路径：大网膜切除和横结肠系膜前叶剥离;解剖腹腔动脉、肝总动脉、脾动脉及清扫相应淋巴结;处理胃右动脉和5组淋巴结;清扫12a组淋巴结等顺序进行,淋巴清扫以4d→4sb→14v→6→7/9→11p→8a→5→12a→1→3的路径进行。结果手术时间130-375 min,（203.4±48.4）min。清扫淋巴结13-21枚,（16.2±1.2）枚。术后胃肠功能恢复时间48-120 h,（80.6±17.7）h。标本远近切缘无癌残留。无围手术期死亡病例。术后72 h吻合口出血1例,96 h输出端梗阻1例。56例术后随访2-31个月,（14.1±6.9）月,死亡8例：肿瘤广泛转移6例,心脑血管疾病2例;带瘤生存5例,无瘤生存43例,无瘤生存时间最长已31个月。结论腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术按照合理的路径进行手术,能够保证手术在正确的间隙和解剖层面进行,有利于在遵循肿瘤根治的原则下完成手术。     

腹腔镜下残胃癌根治切除3例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜残胃癌切除的可行性. 方法 全身麻醉,平卧两腿分开位,术者站患者左侧,五孔法操作.入腹后先分离胃肠道与腹壁的粘连.淋巴结清扫次序:No4、11、10、2、7、8a、9、1、3、15、14v.取上腹部5～7 cm小切口,移出残胃及吻合口两端部分空肠,直视下Roux-en-Y方式重建消化道. 结果 3例残胃癌成功在腹腔镜下完成根治性切除,手术时间分别为300、280、350 min,术中出血量分别为100、200、40 ml,清扫淋巴结数量分别为12、15、20枚.术后胃肠功能恢复时间4.5、5、5 d,进食时间5 d,下床活动时间5.5 d.无手术并发症.3例分别随访10、9、2个月,无复发. 结论 残胃癌不是腹腔镜手术禁忌证,在掌握腹腔镜D2根治技术的基础上可尝试开展.     

A Phase-II Clinical Trial of Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy with D2 Lymph Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer Patients

Objectives This study was conducted to determine whether laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with complete D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is a safe and effective surgical option. Methods During an 8-month period, 64 patients, who were diagnosed preoperatively as having T1-2, N0-1 or M0 gastric cancer, were prospectively enrolled to undergo LADG with D2 lymph node dissection; two surgeons with experience of over 50 cases of laparoscopic gastrectomy performed the procedures. The compliance rate, defined as cases with no more than one missing lymph node station according to the Japanese Research Society of Gastric Cancer (JRSGC) lymph node grouping, for the open gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was 66.0% in a pilot study and was used for calculations of sample size. Compliance rate and other surgical outcomes, including the number of retrieved lymph nodes from each lymph node station, morbidities, mortalities and conversion rate, were analyzed. Results The compliance rate was 67.2% and was similar to that of open distal gastrectomy reported in the pilot study. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 50.1 (range 20–100). The most frequently missed lymph node station was no. 5 (31.2%) followed by no. 3 (25.0%). There were no missed lymph nodes at stations no. 6 and 9. The complication rate was 3.1% (2/66); there were two conversions (3.0%) and no mortalities. Conclusions The current study suggests that LADG with D2 lymph node dissection is oncologically feasible, and phase-III clinical trials will be needed.