新辅助放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位进展期直肠癌的临床研究

目的：探讨新辅助放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除（TME）手术治疗中低位进展期直肠癌的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年1月收治的56例中低位进展期直肠癌患者临床资料,28例接受新辅助放化疗联合TME手术治疗,设为观察组;28例仅接受TME手术,设为对照组。观察两组患者治疗前后TNM分期、肿瘤标志物水平及不良反应,比较两组切缘无癌细胞（R0）切除率、保肛率、局部复发率及转移率。结果观察组新辅助放化疗后TNM分期显著改善,与治疗前相比较差异有统计学意义（μ=1.960,P=0.000）;癌胚抗原CEA及糖链抗原CA19-9、CA242、CA724等肿瘤标志物水平均显著降低,与治疗前相比较差异有统计学意义（t值分别为9.276、8.716、9.420、6.512,均P＜0.01）。观察组R0切除率（89.28%vs 60.71%,χ2=6.095,P=0.014）及保肛率（75.00%vs 32.14%,χ2=10.338,P=0.001）均显著高于对照组。随访1年,观察组术后局部复发率（7.14%vs 28.57%,χ2=4.383,P=0.036）及远处转移率（21.43%vs 46.43%,χ2=3.903,P=0.048）显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论新辅助放化疗联合TME手术治疗中低位局部进展期直肠癌疗效确切,值得临床推广使用。     

中低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗后病理完全缓解预测因素分析

目的 探讨预测中低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗后病理完全缓解（pCR）的临床因素。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年10月中山大学附属第六医院收治的行新辅助放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除手术治疗的185例进展期中低位直肠癌病人的临床病理资料，包括年龄、治疗前癌胚抗原（CEA）、病理类型及分期、新辅助化疗方案、放疗结束至手术间隔时间等。根据肿瘤治疗反应分为pCR组（49例）和non-pCR组（136例），计算pCR率并分析其影响因素。结果 术后49例（26.5%）病人达到pCR，103例病人病理学疗效分级为0或1，总降期率为55.8%。单因素分析显示，肿瘤T分期（P=0.004）和N分期（P=0.032）、治疗前CEA水平（P=0.039）、化疗方案（P=0.003）与pCR相关；多因素分析显示，T2分期和化疗方案中含有奥沙利铂是pCR的独立影响因素。结论 T2分期和以氟尿嘧啶为基础同时联合奥沙利铂的化疗方案是影响中低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗pCR的独立预测因素。     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗临床完全缓解后处理的争议与共识

直肠癌的治疗目标包括病人的长期生存和功能的保留。直肠癌新辅助治疗后约有20%的病人达到病理完全缓解（pCR）,如何利用现有检测手段甄选出真正pCR病人,使临床完全缓解（cCR）与pCR获得最大程度的符合度,提高保肛率或非手术治疗率,最终减少根治性手术创伤和功能损害,是目前研究的焦点。同时,cCR病人后续处理策略的选择,如‌“等待-观察”,还是局部切除或根治性手术,目前尚缺少循证医学证据支持,亦是目前争议热点。直肠癌新辅助放化疗后cCR后处理应遵循目标导向、分层治疗和全程管理原则。建议在拥有丰富直肠癌综合治疗经验的多学科诊疗团队的临床中心开展,严格筛选病例,综合考虑病人的治疗意愿、基线分期、病灶特征选择治疗策略。同时,不断完善cCR 的评估标准和随访策略,及时补救根治性手术,才能保证肿瘤学安全性和良好的功能和预后。     

中低位局部进展期直肠癌新辅助同步放化疗患者癌胚抗原检测的意义

目的:探讨中低位局部进展期直肠癌接受新辅助同步放化疗的患者检测癌胚抗原(CEA)的临床意义.方法:以2018年1月至2019年12月于我院接受新辅助同步放化疗后择期行直肠癌根治术的78例中低位局部进展期直肠癌患者为研究对象,患者放化疗前后均接受CEA水平检测.以术后病理检查结果判定新辅助放化疗治疗效果,分析放化疗前CE...     

新辅助放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术治疗局部进展期直肠癌的疗效及安全性分析

目的 分析新辅助放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术治疗局部进展期直肠癌的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析广西医科大学第四附属医院2017年6月至2020年6月收治并行全直肠系膜切除术的局部进展期直肠癌患者的临床资料,共100例,按是否行新辅助放化疗(neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,nCRT)分为nCRT组(50例)和非n CRT组(50例)。比较两组患者治疗后的临床指标、术后并发症及对比新辅助放化疗前后肿瘤TNM分期。结果 新辅助放化疗后肿瘤分期明显下降。nCRT组患者新辅助放化疗后的术中出血量、保护性造口率高于非nCRT组,手术时间、术后住院时间长于非nCRT组,淋巴结清扫数及保肛率低于非nCRT组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。nCRT组和非nCRT组治疗后总体并发症发生率比较,差异无显著性(P> 0.05)。结论新辅助放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术治疗虽然增加直肠癌患者的保护性造口率、延长手术时间、增加手术出血,但可明显降低肿瘤分期。     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗后病理完全缓解的相关研究进展

局部晚期直肠癌标准的治疗方案为术前新辅助放化疗加手术的综合治疗。研究显示,直肠癌患者术前放化疗后达病理完全缓解者预后较好。尽管对这些患者的后续治疗方案有较大分歧,但已倾向于保守治疗而非根治性手术治疗。本文就局部晚期直肠癌术前新辅助放化疗后病理完全缓解的预后及预测等相关研究进展作一简要综述。     

新辅助放化疗联合手术治疗局部进展期低位直肠癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨新辅助放化疗联合手术治疗局部进展期(CtnmⅡ期和Ⅲ期)低位直肠癌的疗效.方法 回顾分析我院281例局部进展期低位直肠癌患者(肿瘤距离肛缘≤6cm)临床资料,所有患者全部进行术前联合放化疗,给予盆腔常规放疗,总剂量为45～50Gy,2Gy/d,每周5天,休息2d.同时给予口服卡培他滨1250mg/(m2·d),分2次口服,直至手术;放疗结束后休息4～6周,按TME原则行根治性切除术.结果 所有患者均完成新辅助放化疗,急性毒副反应较小,一般为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级反应.其中15例(5.3%)复查肿瘤完全消失,未行手术治疗并予以密切随访.266例按照TME原则行直肠癌根治性切除术.241例行保肛手术(保肛率90.6%).手术标本显示肿瘤已完全消失24例,肿瘤降期明显.局部复发率显著降低(3.9%).结论 新辅助放化疗对局部进展期低位直肠癌患者肿瘤降期作用明显,提高保肛成功率,降低局部复发率,是局部进展期低位直肠癌综合治疗的一种安全有效的治疗方案.     

局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗后不同手术方式对应激反应及远期疗效的影响

目的:探讨局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)患者新辅助放化疗后不同手术方式对其血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、皮质醇(CS)、人生长激素释放肽(Ghrelin)水平及远期疗效的影响.方法:选取2014年3月—2016年3月收治的LARC患者74例,依据手术方式不同分为传统组和腹腔镜组两组,每组各37例.两组均接受新辅助放化疗,放...     

术前放化疗结合全直肠系膜切除在低位进展期直肠癌治疗中的应用

目的 分析术前放化疗结合全直肠系膜切除术(TME)治疗低位进展期直肠癌的疗效.方法 回顾性分析笔者所在医院2009年1月至2011年12月期间行术前放化疗联合TME的31例低位进展期直肠癌患者的临床资料.放疗采用常规分割放疗,总剂量50 Gy/25 f;化疗采用mFOLFOX6或CapeOX方案.临床-病理对照记录疗效,并评价保肛患者的肛门功能.结果 全部患者均接受TME手术治疗,手术并发症发生率为12.9％(4/31),死亡率为3.2％ (1/31).经术前放化疗,肿瘤直径平均缩小21.9％;48.4％ (15/31)的患者出现T分期下降,阳性淋巴结患者比例由83.9％ (26/31)降至38.7％ (12/31),5例(16.1％)患者获得病理学完全缓解,总有效率达74.2％ (23/31);Ⅲ～Ⅳ度不良反应发生率为6.5％ (2/31),保肛患者肛门功能良好率达84.6％ (22/26).结论 从本组有限的病例看,对低位进展期直肠癌采用术前放化疗结合TME手术能够达到部分肿瘤的病理学完全缓解,缩小原发肿瘤,降低局部淋巴结转移率,从而达到降低肿瘤分期、提高手术疗效的目的.     

新辅助放化疗治疗局部进展期直肠癌疗效分析

目的 探讨新辅助放化疗(nCRT)联合根治性手术治疗局部进展期直肠癌的安全性和疗效.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院普通外科2013年3 月至2018年12 月收治的208例局部进展期直肠癌病人的临床资料.分为nCRT组(97例)和直接手术组(111例).比较两组手术资料、围手术期并发症和局部复发率以及生存...     

Predicting Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Using 18FDG-PET/CT

Background

Pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) has been observed in 15?C30% of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The objective of this study was to determine whether PET/CT can predict pCR and disease-free survival in patients receiving CRT with LARC.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of patients with EUS-staged T3?CT4, N?+?rectal tumors treated with CRT, who underwent pre/post-treatment PET/CT from 2002?C2009. All patients were treated with CRT and surgical resection. Standardized uptake value (SUV) of each tumor was recorded. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of pre-CRT SUV, post-CRT SUV, %SUV change, and time between CRT and surgery, compared with pCR. Kaplan?CMeier estimation evaluated significant predictors of survival.

Results

Seventy patients (age 62?years; 42M:28F) with preoperative stage T3 (n?=?61) and T4 (n?=?9) underwent pre- and post-CRT PET/CT followed by surgery. The pCR rate was 26%. Median pre-CRT SUV was 10.8, whereas the median post-CRT SUV was 4 (P?=?0.001). Patients with pCR had a lower median post-CRT SUV compared with those without (2.7 vs. 4.5, P?=?0.01). Median SUV decrease was 63% (7.5?C95.5%) and predicted pCR (P?=?0.002). Patients with a pCR had a greater time interval between CRT and surgery (median, 58 vs. 50?days) than those without (P?=?0.02). Patients with post-CRT SUV?P?=?0.03). Patients with SUV decrease ??63% had improved overall survival at median follow-up of 40?months than those without (P?=?0.006).

Conclusions

PET/CT can predict response to CRT in patients with LARC. Posttreatment SUV, %SUV decrease, and greater time from CRT to surgery correlate with pCR. Post-CRT, SUV?相似文献   

Impact of Interval between Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and TME for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer on Pathologic Response and Oncologic Outcome

Background

The interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for rectal cancer has arbitrarily been set at 6?C8?weeks. However, tumor regression is variable. This study aimed to evaluate whether the interval between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery had an impact on pathologic response and on surgical and oncologic outcome.

Methods

A total of 356 consecutive patients with clinical stage II and III rectal adenocarcinoma were identified. Median age was 63?years, and 65?% were men. All patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (45?Gy) with a continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil. Data on neoadjuvant-surgery interval, type of surgery, pathology, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, disease recurrence, and survival were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the interval between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery: ??7?weeks (short interval, n?=?201) and >7?weeks (long interval, n?=?155).

Results

The complete pathologic response rate was 21?%. It was significantly higher after a longer interval (28?%) than after a shorter interval (16?%, p?=?0.006). A longer interval did not affect morbidity or length of hospital stay. After a median follow-up of 4.9?years, the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 83?% in the short-interval group versus 91?% in the long-interval group (p?=?0.046), and the free-from-recurrence rate was 73 versus 83?%, respectively (p?=?0.026).

Conclusions

In this retrospective analysis, there seems to be an association between a longer interval after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and complete pathologic response without affecting postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay, and with no detrimental effect on oncologic outcome.     

Unresectable Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Multimodal Treatment Using Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (Gemcitabine Plus Stereotactic Radiosurgery) and Subsequent Surgical Exploration

Background  

Pancreatic cancer accounts for approximately 3% of cancer deaths in Europe. Locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) involves vascular structures, and resectability is low, with a median survival time of 6 to 11 months. We conducted a prospective, nonrandomized study of patients with LAPC to assess the effect of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on local response, pain control, and quality of life (QOL).     

MRI and FDG-PET for Assessment of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and additional ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods

Data on 40 patients with LARC, who were treated with NAC and underwent MRI and FDG-PET/CT before and after NAC, were analyzed retrospectively. Surgery was performed at a median of 6 weeks after NAC and the images were compared with the histological findings. The tumor regression grade 3/4 was classified as a responder.

Results

Sixteen patients were pathological responders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that MRI total volume after NAC (MRI-TV2) and ΔMRI-TV had the highest performance to assess responders (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.849 and AUC 0.853, respectively). The reduction rate of the maximum standardized uptake value (ΔSUVmax) was also an informative factor (AUC 0.719). There seems no added value of adding FDG-PET/CT to MRI-TV2 and ΔMRI-TV in assessment of NAC responders judging from changes in AUC (AUC of ΔSUVmax and MRI-TV2 was 0.844, and AUC of ΔSUVmax and ΔMRI-TV was 0.846).

Conclusions

MRI-TV2 and ΔMRI-TV were the most accurate factors to assess pathological response to NAC. Although ΔSUVmax by itself was also informative, the addition of FDG-PET/CT to MRI did not improve performance. Patients with LARC who were treated by induction chemotherapy should receive an MRI examination before and after NAC to assess treatment response. A more than 70 % volume reduction shown by MRI volumetry may justify the omission of subsequent radiotherapy.     

Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathological Response to Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for chemoradiotherapy (CRT) response assessment of rectal cancer include posttreatment T staging (ymrT), tumor regression grading (mrTRG), volume reduction posttreatment, and modified RECIST measurement. We compared these methods in identifying good versus poor responders with the histopathological standards of T stage (ypT) and tumor regression grading (TRG).

Methods

A total of 86 patients underwent CRT in a prospective phase II trial for MRI-defined locally advanced rectal cancer. Two readers independently assessed MRIs for ymrT, mrTRG, volume change, and RECIST. Parameters for each case were categorized as good or poor response and analyzed against ypT and TRG by univariate logistic regression.

Results

A total of 83 patients had evaluable imaging, and 78 had final pathology (five did not undergo surgery). Of these, 34 patients had good response (ypT0-3a) and 44 had poor response (>ypT3a). Also, 27 patients had favorable pathologic TRG (predominant fibrosis) and 51 had unfavorable TRG (predominant tumor). Good mrTRG and ymr P?=?0.001) associated with favorable pathology odds ratio [OR]?=?16.11 (95?% confidence interval [95?% CI]: 3.36?C77.29) and 17.50 (95?% CI: 5.38?C56.89), respectively. RECIST measurements and volume reduction of >80?% showed an OR of 3.23 (95?% CI: 1.14?C9.17), 4.25 (95?% CI: 0.92?C15.45), respectively, for a good ypT score (P?=?0.028), but there was no association for histopathological TRG.

Conclusion

Favorable and unfavorable histopathology are predicted by both ymrT and mrTRG, and we recommend these parameters for post-treatment assessment of rectal cancers treated with CRT.     

Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer in a Single High-Volume Center

Background

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is now considered the standard of care by many centers in the treatment of both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a neoadjuvant CRT protocol, as regards pathological complete response (pCR) rate and long-term survival.

Methods

From 2003 to 2011, at Upper G.I. Surgery Division of Verona University, 155 consecutive patients with locally advanced esophageal cancers (90 SCC, 65 adenocarcinoma) were treated with a single protocol of neoadjuvant CRT (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil with 50.4 Gy of concurrent radiotherapy). Response to CRT was evaluated through percentage of pathological complete response (pCR or ypT0N0), overall (OS) and disease-related survival (DRS), and pattern of relapse.

Results

One hundred thirty-one patients (84.5 %) underwent surgery. Radical resection (R0) was achieved in 123 patients (79.3 %), and pCR in 65 (41.9 %). Postoperative mortality was 0.7 % (one case). Five-year OS and DRS were respectively 43 and 49 % in the entire cohort, 52 and 59 % in R0 cases, and 72 and 81 % in pCR cases. Survival did not significantly differ between SCC and adenocarcinoma, except for pCR cases. Forty-nine patients suffered from relapse, which was mainly systemic in adenocarcinoma. Only three out of 26 pCR patients with previous adenocarcinoma developed relapse, always systemic.

Conclusions

This study suggests that patients treated with the present protocol achieve good survival and high pCR rate. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether surgery on demand is feasible in selected patients, such as pCR patients with adenocarcinoma.     

Quality of Life after Potentially Curative Treatment for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Background  Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer have a poor prognosis and the early and late postoperative morbidity is high. The aim of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients treated with extensive surgical resections for locally advanced rectal cancer and to compare the results with those in patients treated for primarily resectable rectal cancer. Methods  Between 1991 and 2003, 142 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer had an extensive resection at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. A HRQL assessment with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR38 questionnaires was performed in patients alive and disease free in 2005. The results were compared with an age- and sex-matched reference group of patients with primarily resectable rectal cancer having had total mesorectal excision alone. Results  The study group of 43 patients (81% of eligible) scored clinically and statistically significantly lower in global quality of life, role function, physical function, social function, and body image and reported a higher degree of pain and fatigue compared with the reference group of 80 patients. In the study group, men scored lower than women in global quality of life, role functioning and social functioning and reported more problems with fatigue. Conclusion  Several aspects of HRQL are impaired in disease-free patients treated for locally advanced rectal cancer. This knowledge may be useful in the preoperative counselling and postoperative support of these patients.     

新辅助联合治疗在低位直肠癌的应用及存在的问题

目的探讨新辅助联合治疗（术前放化疗）、全直肠系膜切除（total mesorectal excision,TME）在局部进展期低位直肠癌的治疗效果。方法2003年1月至2007年12月,将49例T3、T4期的低位直肠癌给予放疗总剂量44~50Gy,每次2Gy,每周5次,共5周 同时常规给予5-FU＋MMC持续静脉滴注,放疗结束后休息6周进行手术。手术均按TME操作规范进行。结果全部病例均按计划完成新辅助联合治疗,放化疗的副反应发生率为26.5%（3/49）,3例肿瘤完全消失,未行手术。46例施行了根治性切除术,40例为保肛手术,6例为腹会阴切除术,故全组保肛率为87.8%（43/49）。已切除的标本病理结果显示8例肿瘤消失（T0）,总肿瘤消失为11例。辅助治疗后TNM分期：T0N0M011例,T2N0M022例,T3N0M04例,T2N1M07例,T3N1M04例,T4N1M11例,共40例（81.6%）达到降期。全组均获随访,中位随访时间24（6~38）个月。1例（2.0%）局部复发,1例（2.0%）肝转移,无死亡,3例未行手术的患者随访8~26个月至今,仍未发现肿瘤复发。结论新辅助联合治疗与TME相结合能有效地提高肿瘤的切除率和保肛率,降低局部复发率,达到肿瘤降期的目的,进一步降低了术后复发的风险,其远期疗效尚待进一步观察。