国产封堵器经导管介入治疗膜周部室间隔缺损379例

膜周部室间隔缺损(PMVSD)是常见的先天性心脏病之一,我们应用国产封堵器经导管介入治疗PMVSD,已成功完成病例364例,临床结果较为满意.     

对称型室间隔封堵器在先天性膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗的应用

目的探讨对称型封堵器(SVSO)介入治疗膜周部室间隔缺损(PMVSD)的临床疗效。方法应用SVSO介入治疗63例PMVSD患者。结果手术技术成功率93.0%(58/63)。PMVSD直径5.1±1.9mm,PMVSD距主动脉瓣2.7±1.0mm,SVSO直径7.2±2.1mm。即刻封闭率94.8%。心律失常发生率23.8%(15/63例),心肌损伤2例,封堵器脱落1例,术后新发生的主动脉瓣关闭不全1例,右心室流出道梗阻1例。平均随访7.4±2.7个月,无残余分流、封堵器移位或破损及感染性心内膜炎等发生。结论应用SVSO介入治疗PMVSD疗效好、安全性高,但要高度重视其可能发生的并发症,尤其是要做好心律失常的防治。     

用国产封堵器治疗膜部室间隔缺损62例效果评价

目的通过采用国产封堵器介入治疗62例室间隔缺损(VSD)患者,评价国产封堵器介入治疗VSD疗效。方法在经胸超声、X线监测、左心室造影指导下,采用国产封堵器介入封堵治疗。患者平均年龄(4.9±3.7)岁;膜部室间隔缺损平均大小(5.9±2.1)mm。结果62例VSD患者中,60例封堵获成功(成功率96.8%),术后无封堵器移位、脱落、溶血等并发症。结论国产封堵器封堵室间隔缺损成功率高(96.8%),与进口封堵器封堵室间隔缺损效果相似(93.1%),且费用低,符合国情,易于普及。     

国产偏心型封堵器介入治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损

目的探讨用国产偏心型封堵器介入治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损（IVSD）的操作技巧、安全性和有效性。方法2005年6月至2008年6月介入治疗IVSD共24例，其中男性13例，女性11例，平均年龄（11±6）岁，平均体重（23．0±8．4）kg。术前经胸超声心动图确诊，IVSD边缘与主动脉瓣距离均〈2mm；IVSD直径2．5-6．0（4．3±0．8）mm。术中常规左心室造影。24例均采用国产偏心型室间隔缺损封堵器，型号4-10mm。术后1个月、3个月、6个月和12个月随访检查心电图、胸部X线片和超声心动图。结果全组无死亡。1例术中因主动脉瓣轻度反流放弃封堵；1例因缺损较大放弃封堵。即时封堵成功22例。即时超声心动图检查主动脉瓣微量反流3例。术后随访无严重并发症。结论用国产偏心型封堵器介入治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损安全、有效，但需要一定的诊断及操作技巧。     

新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的临床研究

目的探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损(PMVSD)的临床疗效。方法采用新型Amplatzer膜周部室间隔缺损封堵器,对46例PMVSD患者进行封堵治疗。对心脏多普勒超声检查符合导管封堵条件的患者术前常规进行心导管检查,测定血流动力学参数。在X线透视、食管超声心动图(TEE)的监测下建立股动静脉轨道,经右心系统释放封堵器。病人分别于术后24小时、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果46例患者中除2例因室间隔缺损膜部瘤松软未能成功置入外,其余患者均能正确置放新型Amplatzer封堵器和即刻完全封堵PM-VSD。术后24小时至6个月进行TEE复查,所有患者被完全封堵。结论新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗PMVSD是一种安全、成功率高、近期疗效可靠的介入方法。     

室间隔缺损介入治疗后并发封堵器移位的原因分析

目的探讨经导管介入治疗室间隔缺损（VSD）发生封堵器移位的原因和预防措施。方法介入治疗后封堵器移位患者4（男3,女1）例,3例为膜周部VSD伴膜部瘤,1例为嵴内型VSD,缺损直径分别为13、12、12和10mm,所选用的封堵器分别为16、12mm国产对称型膜部VSD封堵器,14mmAmplatzer膜部VSD封堵器和14mm国产偏心型膜部VSD封堵器。结果4例均一次性封堵成功。术后即刻均无残余分流。2例在术后4和12h分别发生溶血,超声心动图检查封堵器位置无明显变化,但均有明显残余分流。经药物治疗后,溶血恢复正常,残余分流消失。1例术后第4天,心电图检查为Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,超声心动图发现封堵器明显向囊袋出口移位。转心脏外科手术取出封堵器并修补缺损,术后患者Ⅲ度AVB恢复。1例嵴内型VSD术后2周,超声心动图发现封堵器向右心室移位,有明显残余分流。随访4个月残余分流减少。结论VSD封堵治疗后,封堵器移位与缺损的病理解剖特性有关。多发生在伴有膜部瘤的膜部VSD和嵴内型VSD。     

室间隔膜周部缺损封堵术前后的彩超观察和分析

目的:评估彩色超声心动图(彩超)在膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵治疗前后的应用价值。方法:158例膜周部室间隔缺损患者实施了经导管封堵术。封堵器为国产的镍钛合金制成的双盘片结构封堵器。经胸壁彩超获取心脏切面图像。平均VSD缺损为(5.86±2.96)mm,最小为3mm,最大为17mm。封堵器直径为4～20mm。结果:158例中153例VSD成功封堵,成功率96.8%。未成功的5例中,3例因导管未能通过VSD处,2例因封堵器放置后引起主动脉反流而放弃封堵治疗。153封堵成功的VSD彩超定位准确:包括膜部35例;嵴下型72例,隔瓣后型46例;其中嵴下型VSD的缺损上缘距主动…     

经导管封堵术治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损与膜周部室间隔缺损的对比研究

经导管室间隔缺损封堵术 (transcatheterclosureofventriculardefect ,TCVSD )是新型介入治疗手术。由于缺损本身的解剖多样性和技术难度限制 ,病例选择局限在膜部和肌部的部分缺损。为了进一步探讨Amplatzer封堵器的适应证 ,我们将嵴内型室间隔缺损与膜周部室间隔缺损的介入治疗进行对照研究 ,报道如下。资料与方法1.患者资料 :2 0 0 3年 3～ 7月在四川大学华西第二医院小儿心脏病介入中心进行室间隔缺损(VSD)介入治疗的患儿共 5 0例次 ,嵴内型组 7例次(有 2例进行了 2次手术 )、膜周部组 4 3例。男女比例为 :嵴内型组 4∶1,膜周部组 1…     

国产封堵器对膜部瘤型室间隔缺损的治疗

目的:报道使用国产封堵器介入治疗膜部瘤型室间隔缺损(VSD)的体会。方法:经彩色多普勒超声心动图和左心室造影证实有适应证的并发膜部瘤形成的VSD患者20例,行介入封堵治疗,并根据膜部瘤形态进行分型,制定封堵策略,选择封堵器和封堵方式。结果:①20例患者均封堵成功,技术成功率达100%,无介入并发症发生;②20例膜部瘤呈4种类型,漏斗型8例、囊袋型5例、菜花型5例、弯管型2例;③根据缺损口大小及膜部瘤类型分别使用细腰大边型、非对称型、对称型封堵器均封堵成功;④改良猪尾导管在膜部瘤型VSD封堵术中效果显著。结论:国产封堵器介入封堵膜部瘤型VSD患者安全、有效、并发症少、费用低,可作为有封堵适应证VSD患者的首选方案。     

经导管介入治疗婴幼儿大型动脉导管未闭临床疗效

目的 探讨应用导管介入治疗直径≥5 mm婴幼儿大型动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析60例大型PDA(直径≥5 mm)患儿的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、临床疗效和随访结果.结果 56例PDA采用Amplatzer或国产先健动脉导管封堵器,3例采用膜部室间隔缺损封堵器,1例采用肌部室间隔缺损封堵器.封堵成功率为98.3%(59/60),术后1 d超声心动图显示15%(9/60)微量至少量残余分流,术后3月超声心动图复查未见残余分流;3例采用室间隔缺损封堵器患儿术后12月超声心动图示左肺动脉血流速度增快.结论 应用导管介入治疗直径≥5 mm婴幼儿大型PDA是安全、有效的方法.     

应用Amplatzer偏心性封堵器介入治疗膜部室间隔缺损

目的　应用Amplatzer偏心性封堵器治疗膜部室间隔缺损 (perimembraneventicularseptaldefect,PMVSD)并对近期疗效进行观察。方法　 6例PMVSD患者均经胸超声心动图确诊 ,术中经左心室造影明确缺损直径为 3～ 9mm ,平均 5 5mm ;经左心系统、室间隔缺损处、右心系统建立导丝轨迹 ,沿导丝经传送鞘管送直径 6～ 12mm(平均 8mm)的Amplatzer封堵器至缺损处行封堵 ;术后 2 4h、1月、3月分别行经胸超声及X线检查观察临床疗效。结果　全组技术成功率 10 0 % ,术中未发生任何重要并发症。全部患者封堵后无一例存在残余分流 ,术后即刻完全封堵率 10 0 % ;术后 2 4h、1月及 3月经胸超声心动图检查无残余分流 ,X线检查全部显示肺血减少 ,心胸比例不同程度缩小。 1例患者术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞 ,1月随访时消失。结论　经导管置入Amplatzer偏心性膜部室间隔缺损封堵器治疗PMVSD是一种成功率高、近期疗效可靠的介入方法 ,其远期疗效需进一步观察。     

Device closure of ventricular septal defects by hybrid procedures: A multicenter retrospective study

Objective : This study reports on the feasibility, efficacy, and outcome of hybrid procedures to close ventricular septal defects (VSD), reflecting the experience of 11 centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Background : Beating heart closure of VSD has attracted interest in small infants, complex anomalies and postinfarction scenarios where patients are at high risk during surgery. Perventricular or intraoperative device placement allows access to the lesions where percutaneous delivery is limited. Methods : Between December 2001 and April 2009, placement of Amplatzer septal occluders was attempted in 26 patients. The defects were located in the perimembranous (n = 5) and muscular septum (n = 21). In 20 patients, a perventricular approach was used, and, in six, the occluders were placed under direct visualization being part of a complex heart surgery. Results : In 23 of 26 procedures, device placement was successful (88.5%). The mean defect size was 7.8 mm (range, 3.5–20). The occluder types were perimembranous VSD occluder (n = 4), muscular VSD occluder (n = 20), postinfarct VSD occluder (n = 1), and ASD occluder (n = 1) with a ratio device/defect of 0.9–2.4 (median 1.15). Device removal was necessary in three due to arrhythmia, malpositioning, and additional defects. Pericardial effusion occurred once. In the remaining 22 patients, there were no procedure or device‐related complications. During mean follow up of 1.4 years (range, 1 day–3.9 years), a residual shunt that was more than trivial was observed in one patient out of 21 successful procedures. Conclusions : Perventricular and intraoperative device closure of VSD is as effective as a surgical patch and averts the increased morbidity of conventional surgical repair in a subgroup of high‐risk patients. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

应用偏心型和对称型封堵器介入治疗小儿膜周部室间隔缺损的对比研究

目的比较偏心型封堵器与对称型封堵器介入治疗小儿膜周部室间隔缺损（perimembranous ventricular septal defects,PMVSD）的疗效及并发症。方法回顾分析2002年10月至2007年12月接受介入治疗的PMVSD患儿的临床资料,根据所用器械的不同分为偏心型封堵器组（偏心组）和对称型封堵器组（对称组）,对术前基线资料和术后随访1年内的疗效及并发症进行对比。结果共有509例PMVSD患者入选,其中偏心组266例,对称组243例。两组基线资料中除室间隔缺损（VSD）与主动脉右冠瓣的距离偏心组小于对称组外（3.5±0.7mm比5.2±1.2mm,P=0.01）,其余差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组治疗成功率分别为95.5%和96.7%（P=0.98）,术后即刻VSD完全闭合率对称组明显高于偏心组（96.7%比86.8%,P=0.001）,但术后24h及1、3、6、12个月不同随访时间点的完全闭合率两组差异均无统计学意义（均为P〉0.05）。偏心组严重并发症发生率与对称组接近（3.8%比1.6%,P=0.060）,但轻微并发症发生率两组存在差别（56.8%比42.8%,P〈0．001），其中主要是心律失常的发生率偏心组高于对称组（22．6％比13．6％，P〈0．001），而主动脉瓣反流（aortic regurgitation，AR）及三尖瓣反流（tricuspid regurgitation，TR）发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组均无死亡病例一结论偏心型封堵器和对称型封堵器短、中期疔效相当，严重并发症发生率接近，但轻微并发症中心律失常的发生率偏心封堵器高于对称封堵器，     

经导管封堵治疗膜部瘤型室间隔缺损的初步临床分析

目的探讨应用国产封堵器经导管封堵合并膜部瘤型室间隔缺损(ventricularseptaldefect,VSD)的临床疗效。方法共12例膜周部VSD合并膜部瘤形成患者,男5例,女7例,平均年龄16.4±10.7岁(3—45岁)。采用国产对称型室间隔缺损封堵器在透视及超声监测下进行VSD封堵术,术后即刻行左室造影、升主动脉造影及经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查验证即刻疗效,术后24小时、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月行心电图、TTE、X线胸片随访复查。结果 11例患者封堵成功,技术成功率91.6%(11/12),其中包括漏斗状膜部瘤5例,菜花状膜部瘤3例,囊袋状膜部瘤3例。1例囊袋状膜部瘤患者因封堵后仍有直径3mm的中量残余分流,放弃封堵。11例患者中7例术后即刻达到完全封堵;4例术后即刻造影及TTE检查显示少量残余分流,24h后超声检查证实残余分流消失3例,另1例1个月复查时残余分流消失,总完全封堵率达100%。1例患者术后新出现完全右束支传导阻滞,1例患者术后24h出现交界性逸博心律,2天后恢复正常,余无其他严重并发症发生。11例患者平均随访10.2±5.2个月(3~18个月),无封堵器移位、晚发心律失常等并发症发生。结论应用国产封堵器对合并膜部瘤型膜周部室间隔缺损进行介入封堵治疗是可行的,近期临床效果满意。     

经胸微创室间隔缺损封堵62例疗效分析

目的总结微创经胸室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵的经验,探讨手术的疗效和安全性。方法入选2010年1月~2013年10月简阳市人民医院心血管外科住院的室间隔缺损患者62例,男性28例,女性34例,年龄2~57岁。所有患者在经食道超声心动图的监测下由右心室表面荷包送入封堵器,闭合室间隔缺损。结果封堵成功61例,1例因置入后主动脉瓣返流明显加重,改为体外循环。随访12个月,无封堵器移位、心律失常、残余分流、溶血等并发症。结论经胸微创封堵治疗室间隔缺损安全、可行,创伤小,恢复快。     

Percutaneous closure of congenital and acquired ventricular septal defects--considerations on selection of the occlusion device

Nonsurgical closure of congenital and acquired ventricular septal defects (VSD) has become increasingly acceptable with the availability of various occlusion systems that allow percutaneous treatment of muscular and membranous defects. This study describes a series of 12 patients (0.2-74-years-old) who underwent defect closure with six different occlusion systems. Device selection according to anatomy and outcome is highlighted. Seven VSDs were located in the membranous part of the septum, five in the mid-muscular septum. Complex heart lesions were present in five postmyocardial infarction VSD in one and residual postsurgical defects in three patients. The size of the VSD ranged from 2.6 to 10 mm. The applied devices were: Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder (n=4), Amplatzer septal occluder (n=2), Amplatzer duct occluder (n=1), Amplatzer membranous VSD occluder (n=2), Nit-Occlud coil (n=2), and Cook PDA coil (n=1). The devices were implanted successfully in nine patients. There was complete VSD closure in eight patients within the first 24 hours. In one patient, a trivial residual shunt disappeared at 6 months follow-up. Because of device instability, two occluders were removed during catheterization. In two other cases, tricuspid valve tissue was entrapped in the occluder and had to be removed surgically, one of them during the consecutive Rastelli operation. Neither significant arrhythmia, nor thromboembolism or hemolysis occurred in out patients during follow-up. Transcatheter closure of VSD is an attractive alternative to surgery. In complex congenital heart disease, surgical-interventional hybrid therapy may improve morbidity and total outcome. The recently developed Amplatzer VSD devices allow closure of muscular and membranous VSDs. Implantation and short-term follow-up are superior to the formerly used devices. Long-term effects have to be evaluated in further studies.     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损及对心脏传导系统的影响

目的　探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部及肌部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的疗效和对心脏传导系统的影响。方法　 2 0 0 3- 0 7～ 2 0 0 4 - 0 4采用新型Amplatzer膜部及肌部VSD封堵器对 12例膜周部VSD和 2例肌部VSD患者进行封堵治疗。对心脏多普勒超声检查符合导管封堵条件病人术前常规进行心导管检查 ,测定血流动力学各项参数。在X线透视、食管或经胸超声的监测下建立股动静脉轨道 ,经右心系统释放封堵器。对 12例膜周部VSD病人在手术前、后进行心内电生理检查 ,测定房室传导时间 (AV间期 )和房室结不应期 ,观察封堵手术对心脏传导系统的影响。病人分别于术后 2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果　 14例患者 (男 8例 ,女 6例 )封堵器置入全部成功。术后即刻超声及造影均示完全封堵 12例 ,微量残余分流 2例 ,均在 1d内消失 ,总完全封堵率为 10 0 %。 12例膜周部VSD病人封堵后即刻AV间期有不同程度的延长 ,其中 3例术后AV间期 >2 0 0ms,1周后心电图检查 2例PR间期恢复正常。封堵前后房室结不应期无明显变化。未出现Ⅱ度以上房室传导阻滞和束支传导阻滞 ,无心肌受损表现 ,无其它严重并发症发生。结论　应用新型Amplatzer膜部和肌部VSD封堵器治疗膜周部和肌部VSD是安全有效的 ,近期效果良好 ,是导     

经导管封堵术治疗室间隔缺损的临床研究

目的:研究Am p latzer封堵器治疗先心病室间隔缺损(V SD)的疗效和安全性。方法:对52例V SD患者进行Am p latzer封堵器V SD封堵治疗,观察手术疗效及术后随访情况。结果:52例中47例封堵成功,成功率90.4%,5例失败,5例有程度不等的并发症,近、中期随访未见不良影响。结论:Am p latzer封堵器治疗先心病V SD有效、安全。     

国产封堵器治疗先天性膜周部室间隔缺损的疗效评估

目的 评价应用国产封堵器治疗先天性膜周部室间隔缺损(pmVSD)的近期疗效和安全性.方法 选择2001年12月至2008年12月在上海长海医院心内科使用国产封堵器治疗的pmVSD患者604例.所有患者术后1周每天观察临床症状并行12导联心电图检查,术后3～7 d复查经胸超声心动图(TTE)和X线胸片.结果 604例患者中封堵成功576例,共置入封堵器583枚,放弃封堵28例,手术成功率95.4%.无感染性心内膜炎、血栓栓塞、猝死等并发症发生.81例患者术后出现不同类型的传导阻滞,其中右束支传导阻滞56例,左束支传导阻滞14例.31例患者在术后出现一过性的加速性室性自主心律.完全性房室传导阻滞(cAVB)11例,9例在3周内恢复,2例安置永久性心脏起搏器,其中1例术前有一过性cAVB,另1例为同时封堵房间隔缺损并室间隔缺损的患者.术后即刻,69例(12.0%)有微量-少量残余分流,术后7 d,31例分流完全消失,仍有38例(6.6%)存在微量-少量残余分流.术后主动脉瓣反流加重5例,2例由术前的微量加重到术后少量反流,3例由少量加重到中量;术后出现三尖瓣微-少量反流32例,中量反流3例.5例机械性溶血,其中1例持续5 d无好转,经导管取出封堵器,其余4例均在术后3～14 d恢复正常.1例术后出现股动脉假性动脉瘤,经加压包扎后消失.封堵器脱落1例,经导管取出,并成功行封堵治疗.封堵器移位1例,在原位置入另一封堵器.结论 使用国产封堵器治疗室间隔缺损成功率高,并发症少,是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in infants and children using the Amplatzer perimembranous ventricular septal defect occluder

There are very few published reports of the transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PMVSDs) using the Amplatzer PMVSD occluder with encouraging initial results. This report presents initial and 1-year results from 54 patients with PMVSDs who underwent transcatheter closure at 5 different institutions with the Amplatzer PMVSD occluder. Sixty-five patients with PMVSDs were enrolled at 5 European centers. Eleven of the 65 patients did not fulfill the patient selection criteria at the initial echocardiographic evaluation or at cardiac catheterization. As a result, a total of 54 patients underwent attempted transcatheter closure using the Amplatzer PMVSD occluder. The median age of the patients was 5.1+/-3.6 years (range 0.3 to 13), and the median weight 18.5+/-10.3 kg (range 5 to 45). Devices were permanently implanted in 49 of 54 patients. Complete occlusion of the communication at 1-year follow-up was observed in 46 of 49 patients (94%). Main early procedural complications included (1) device embolization (2 patients), (2) severe bradycardia with hemodynamic compromise (2 patients), and (3) Mobitz II (2:1) heart block (1 patient). Late procedural complications included complete heart block (1 patient). No other complications were observed during follow-up. In conclusion, the Amplatzer PMVSD occluder is promising device that can be used for transcatheter closure in selected patients with PMVSDs. Further studies and long-term follow-up are required before this technique enters routine clinical practice.