肝内胆管囊腺瘤与囊腺癌的诊治体会

目的 探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤与囊腺癌的诊断与治疗.方法回顾性分析本院2004年1月至2013年10月收治的5例肝内胆管囊腺瘤、囊腺癌临床资料.结果 5例均行手术治疗,其中1例行右半肝切除术,3例行不规则肝切除术,5例均痊愈出院.术后1例失访,4例随访,其中1例囊腺癌术后11个月死于肿瘤复发转移,3例囊腺瘤现存活.结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的治疗以外科手术切除为主,加强对肝内胆管囊腺瘤与囊腺癌的认识,提高疾病诊断率对于指导治疗和改善预后至关重要.     

肝囊腺瘤和囊腺癌九例诊治体会

目的 探讨肝囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年10月收治经手术和病理证实为肝囊腺瘤/囊腺癌9例临床资料.结果 本组6例获得术前诊断,7例获手术切除.根治性切除术后均无复发,1例囊腺癌行姑息手术治疗,术后22个月死亡.结论 肝囊腺瘤和囊腺癌诊断主要依靠影像学和病理学检查,根治性手术是唯一有效的治疗方法,术后可获长期存活.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的临床分析

目的 总结肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的诊断与治疗经验及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2012年12月第二军医大学附属东方肝胆外科医院经病理学检查证实的46例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和19例肝内胆管囊腺癌患者的临床资料.患者入院行B超、CT与MRI检查.采用Pringle法或不阻断肝门的方法施行肝切除术,对预后因素进行分析.采用电话或信函随访,随访时间截至2013年4月.正态分布的计量资料用x±s表示;采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,生存率的比较采用Log-rank法检验.单因素分析采用x2检验.多因素分析采用COX回归模型.结果 (1)影像学表现:B超、CT或MRI检查提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌影像学表现类似,囊壁有乳头状突起,部分囊壁明显增厚,囊腔可呈多房性.术前影像学检查确诊肝内胆管囊腺瘤20例,肝内胆管囊腺癌7例.(2)手术情况:46例肝内胆管囊腺瘤患者中,行肿瘤局部剜除术22例,肝左叶切除术15例,肝左外叶切除术3例,右半肝切除术4例,肝右后叶切除术1例,肝右前叶切除术1例.38例采用Pringle法阻断肝门,8例未行肝门阻断.手术时间为(175±70) min,术中出血量平均为300 mL(200～400 mL),术后发生胆汁漏4例,再出血3例,肝功能不全2例,均经保守治疗后好转.19例肝内胆管囊腺癌患者中,行肿瘤局部剜除术9例,肝左叶切除术8例,肝左外叶切除术1例,肝右后叶切除术1例.13例采用Pringle法阻断肝门,6例未行肝门阻断.手术时间为(210±68)min,术中平均出血量为500 mL(200～800 mL),术后发生胆汁漏3例,再出血2例,肝功能不全1例,经保守治疗后好转.术后病理学检查:肝内胆管囊腺瘤囊腔内表层多为单层柱状上皮,排列整齐,无异型;肝内胆管囊腺癌囊腔内多有乳头状突起,细胞异型明显,并向基底膜浸润.(3)随访情况:57例患者获得随访,8例失访(囊腺瘤5例、囊腺癌3例).随访时间为14～ 139个月,其中肝内胆管囊腺瘤2例复发(1例因术后肝衰竭死亡);肝内胆管囊腺癌13例复发,10例死亡,其中1例为肝内胆管囊腺瘤恶变.(4)预后因素分析:肝内胆管囊腺瘤患者1、3、5年生存率均为98％.肝内胆管囊腺癌患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为88％、31％、13％.单因素分析结果显示:CA19-9是影响肝内胆管囊腺癌患者的无瘤生存率和总体生存率的危险因素(x2=8.540,4.946,P＜0.05).多因素分析结果显示:CA19-9升高是影响肝内胆管囊腺癌患者的无瘤生存率和总体生存率的独立危险因素(OR=8.239,5.365,95％可信区间:1.664～ 40.800,1.022～ 28.172,P＜0.05).结论 肝内胆管囊腺瘤与囊腺癌临床症状不典型,影像学检查有助于术前评估,但符合率低.治疗以手术切除为主.CA19-9是评估肝内胆管囊腺癌预后的重要指标.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌16例临床诊治分析

目的 总结肝内胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的临床特点,提高临床诊治水平.方法 回顾性总结分析解放军总医院2008年12月-2013年12月诊治的16例肝内胆管囊腺肿瘤,分析其临床表现、影像学特点、治疗结果及预后情况.结果 肝内胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌好发于中年女性,无典型的临床表现,影像学检查是诊断和鉴别诊断的重要手段.手术是治疗的唯一方法,手术方式与肿瘤所处的位置有关,预后与肿瘤的完整切除密切相关.结论 肝内胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌属于少见的肝内肿瘤,好发于中年女性,影像学检查是术前诊断主要依据.肿瘤的完整切除是良好预后的关键.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤35例诊治分析

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗.方法 对35例胰腺囊性肿瘤病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果 术前诊断率:B超为28.6%(10/35),CT为44.4%(12/27),MRI为70%(7/10).28例行手术治疗,并为术后病理确诊,其中浆液性囊腺瘤2例,黏液性囊腺瘤9例,囊腺癌7例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤3例,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤7例.获得随访23例:胰腺囊腺瘤术后5年存活率为62.5%(5/8),无复发病例;胰腺囊腺癌完整切除者最长存活5年8个月,未能完整切除者最长存活6个月;胰腺实性假乳头状瘤4例,均健在,最长已存活4年.结论 胰腺囊性肿瘤术前诊断较困难,CT及MRI对本病的诊断帮助较大.外科切除是最有效的治疗手段.加强各科医师之间的交流与合作、及早发现、恰当的手术方法,有助于提高本病的诊治效果.     

肝内胆管囊腺癌7例诊治分析

目的总结肝内胆管囊腺癌的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院2000年4月至2013年7月期间收治的7例肝内胆管囊腺癌患者的临床资料。结果 7例患者均经实验室检查和影像学检查初步诊断为肝脏占位,但确诊依据的是术后病理学检查。5例行根治性手术切除,其中4例行半肝切除术(非浸润型),随访期间均存活,1例行囊壁完整切除术(浸润型)者于术后18个月死亡;1例行囊壁大部分切除术(浸润型),于术后12个月死亡;1例行彩超引导下的肝脏穿刺囊内积液引流、细针穿刺活检术(浸润型),于术后7个月死亡。结论肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像学表现多为肝脏囊性病变,但确诊仍需病理学检查。肝内胆管囊腺癌局限于囊内者,通过行完整切除即可获得较满意的临床疗效;而癌细胞向囊壁外肝组织浸润生长者的预后差,生存时间短。     

肝内胆管囊性肿瘤2例诊治分析

目的提高对肝内胆管囊性肿瘤的认识。方法对经根治性手术切除并由病理学确诊的2例肝内胆管囊性肿瘤患者(囊腺瘤和囊腺癌各1例)的临床和病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果术前CT、B超发现肝内囊性包块,但未获得肝内胆管囊性肿瘤的诊断。根治性切除术后,采用B超、CA19-9和CEA随访9月和15月,均无复发。结论肝内胆管囊性肿瘤术前诊断非常困难,CT、B超或ERCP检查对诊断有一定帮助。确诊必须依靠病理学检查。根治性切除是首选的治疗方法。根治性切除后,患者预后良好。     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤再次手术临床分析

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤再次手术的诊治特点。方法回顾性分析总结我院4例肝内胆管囊腺瘤根治性切除术后再次手术的诊治特点。结果肝内胆管囊腺瘤再次手术2例腹胀2例无明显症状,B超、CT、MRI可发现肝内占位难以确诊,再次手术均行根治性切除术,术后病理提示:囊腺瘤复发1例,囊腺癌1例,原发性肝癌1例,肝恶性纤维细胞瘤1例,术后均无明显并发症,随访2例死亡,生存时间为7个月与21个月,1例囊腺瘤痊愈至今未复发,1例肝内胆管囊腺癌随访18个月健在。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤术后再发肝占位性质难以术前确诊,首选手术治疗,严格术前评估能够获得较好的治疗效果。     

肝内胆管囊腺癌17例临床分析

目的 分析肝内胆管囊腺癌的临床特点及治疗,探讨影响预后的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年9月共17例经手术病理证实为肝内胆管囊腺癌的临床资料,并进行随访.对预后的影响采用Cox回归分析和Kaplan-Meier分析.结果 17例中男4例,女13例,平均年龄为49.3岁.患者以上腹痛为主要临床表现,仅2例患者CA19-9异常,2例CEA异常,17例患者AFP均正常.17例中行根治性手术7例,肿瘤完全切除联合取瘤栓术7例,姑息性手术3例.病理提示胆管囊腺癌10例,胆管囊腺瘤局部癌变2例,乳头状胆管囊腺癌2例,黏液性乳头状胆管囊腺癌2例;1例为肝内胆管囊腺癌与肝细胞癌双结节混合性癌.17例中肿瘤高分化7例,中分化3例,低分化7例.手术方式(β=-0.692,P=0.01)、肿瘤分化程度(β=-2.041,P=0.007)对预后影响有统计学意义.结论 肝内胆管囊腺癌以成年女性多见.血清CA19-9对诊断无帮助.肝内胆管囊腺癌的胆总管癌栓并不预示临床预后差,行根治性手术或根治性切除联合取栓术均能有较好的预后.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤的诊治分析

目的：提高对肝内胆管囊腺瘤的认识。 方法：回顾性分析8年来收治的18例肝内胆管囊腺瘤患者的临床表现、影像特点及外科治疗的方式。 结果：4例为体检发现,其他14例均有不同症状,主要表现为右上腹不适或疼痛11例,腹部肿块3例,伴有黄疸发热等胆管炎症状2例。B超和CT提示肝内囊性占位性病变,可呈多囊或单囊,内壁可见乳头状物。均获得手术切除,18例肝内胆管囊腺瘤中6例发生癌变。 癌变者术后平均生存时间为35个月(27-58个月)。结论：术前确诊肝内胆管囊腺瘤困难,肝内胆管囊腺瘤易恶变,发现后应早期手术切除,可有效防止复发或恶变。     

肝胆管囊腺癌的诊断及治疗

目的 探讨肝胆管囊腺癌的临床特征及其诊治方法。方法 回顾性分析6例肝胆管囊腺癌的临床资料。结果 6例中5例误诊为肝囊肿，1例误诊为肝脓肿。经病理学检查确诊后，5例行根治性切除术，其中2例分别于术后5年、7年死于复发；2例分别随访16、21个月，未见复发；1例于术后34个月出现肝内复发，继续随访4个月，现一般状态尚可；另1例因全身情况较差未能行根治性切除术者，仍在接受姑息性治疗。结论 肝胆管囊腺癌缺乏特异性临床特征，诊断主要依靠影像学和病理学检查，早期行根治性切除术是治疗的关键。     

肝内胆管囊腺癌的临床特点及治疗

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺癌的临床特点及其诊治。方法回顾性分析4例肝内胆管囊腺癌的临床资料及诊治经过。结果4例中3例误诊为肝囊肿，1例为肝脓肿。3例行根治性切除术，1例7年后死于复发；2例已分别随访12和17个月，现仍存活，状态良好。另1例病人未能接受外科手术治疗。结论肝内胆管囊腺癌的诊断主要依靠影像学和病理学检查。根治性切除术后，预后良好。     

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??Diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma: an analysis of 17 cases LIU Yuan, ZHOU Yong, GENG Dong-hua, et al. Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
Corresponding author: LIU Jin-gang, E-mail:liujg@sj-hospital.org
Abstract Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma. Methods The clinical data of 17 cases of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma admitted between January 2003 and December 2009 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Results The majority of 17 cases presented as upper abdominal discomfort or pain. Tow cases had undergone previous unroofing of the cyst for misdiagnosis as simple liver cyst. Abnormal serous carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was observed in 6 cases. Serous alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was slightly elevated in one case, and serous carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was normal in all cases. Seven cases were diagnosed correctly according to imaging examination. All the cases underwent total resection of the cyst. Pathological diagnosis was intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma in all the 17 cases, and 3 of them showed malignant change. No recurrence was found after followed up for 8 to 60 months. Conclusion Preoperative diagnosis of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma is difficult. Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma is easy to develop to cystadenocarcinoma. The prognosis of radical resection is satisfied.     

Effective treatment of biliary cystadenoma

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate experience over 15 years with treatment of this lesion. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Biliary cystadenoma, a benign hepatic tumor arising from Von Meyenberg complexes, usually present as septated intrahepatic cystic lesions. METHODS: Data were collected concurrently and retrospectively on patients identified from hospital medical records reviewed for pertinent International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and CPT codes, pathology logs, and from operative case logs. Pathology specimens were rereviewed to confirm the diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma or biliary cystadenocarcinoma by 2 GI pathologists. RESULTS: From October 1989 to April 2004 at our institution, 19 (18F:1M) patients had pathologically confirmed biliary cystadenomas, including one with a biliary cystadenocarcinoma. The mean age was 48 +/- 15 years at initial evaluation. Complaints included abdominal pain in 74%, abdominal distension in 26%, and nausea/vomiting in 11%. Only 1 patient presented with an incidental finding. Symptoms had been present for 3 +/- 5 years, with 1 to 4 different surgeons and many other physicians involved in the diagnosis or treatment prior to definitive ablation. Eight patients had undergone 20 previous treatments, including multiple percutaneous aspirations in 4 and 11 operative procedures. CT or US was diagnostic in 95%, with internal septations present in the hepatic cysts. Definitive operative intervention consisted of hepatic resection in 12 patients, enucleation in 6 patients, and fenestration and complete fulguration in 1 patient. There were no perioperative deaths. No recurrences were observed after definitive therapy, with follow-up of 4 +/- 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Biliary cystadenoma must be recognized and treated differently than most hepatic cysts. There remains a need for education about the imaging findings for biliary cystadenoma to reduce the demonstrated delay in appropriate treatment. Traditional treatment of simple cysts such as aspiration, drainage, and marsupialization results in near universal recurrence and occasional malignant degeneration. This experience demonstrates effective options include total ablation by standard hepatic resection and cyst enucleation.     

Biliary cystadenoma: short- and long-term outcome after radical hepatic resection

The intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma is a rare benign tumor of the liver, originating from an intrahepatic bile duct: it becomes symptomatic only when it causes obstruction of the bile duct itself. Regardless of the various diagnostic modalities available, it is difficult to distinguish preoperatively the cystadenoma both from a simple liver cyst, and from a cystic carcinoma of the bile duct. An incomplete surgical removal of the cyst often results in a higher risk of size increase and recurrence, even considering that the lesion may degenerate into a cystadenocarcinoma. Between January 2004 and May 2011, 1,173 liver resections were carried out at the Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit of San Raffaele Hospital: 12 of these were performed for cystadenoma. Forty-six patients underwent laparoscopic liver cysts deroofing: definitive histological examination in six of these patients revealed instead the diagnosis of cystadenoma. In 50% of cases, the diagnosis of cystadenoma was therefore acquired as a result of an incidental finding. The patients were all female, median age 45 years. The liver resection included six cases of left hepatectomy, three left lobectomies, and three of the right hepatectomy. The operations were performed by laparotomy, with the exception of two left lobectomies completed laparoscopically. In all cases, the postoperative course was without major complications. The resection was radical in all cases and the median hospital stay was 5 days. At a median follow-up of 16 months (range 7-30), all patients are alive and disease free. Biliary cystadenomas can easily be misunderstood and interpreted as simple hepatic cysts. Radical surgical resection is necessary and provides good short- and long-term outcomes.     

原发性肝内胆管囊性肿瘤

原发性肝内胆管囊性肿瘤（ＰＣＴＩＨＢＤ）比较罕见可分为囊腺瘤和囊腺癌。它们分泌大量的粘液形成单房和多房性囊肿，囊内壁发出乳头状赘生物突入囊腔，囊腺癌通常被认为由囊腺瘤恶变而来。文章报告ＰＣＴＩＨＢＤ５例，其中囊腺癌４例，囊腺瘤１例。５例经Ｂ超和ＣＴ检查后均诊断为肝癌，只是在剖腹探查和病理学检查后才获得正确的诊断，手术切除为唯一有效的治疗。４例囊腺癌中１例术后第６天死于大出血，１例随访７个月后死于肝内复发；另２例分别随访４年及５年均存活。１例囊腺瘤手术７年仍健在。     

肝胆管囊性肿瘤临床病理特点及治疗(附8例报告)

目的 分析肝胆管囊性肿瘤(囊腺瘤和囊腺癌)的临床、病理特点及治疗。探讨其中卵巢样间质的免疫表型及组织来源。方法 回顾性分析7例肝胆管囊腺瘤和1例囊腺癌的临床表现、病理特征及治疗结果。对4例卵巢样间质细胞行CD117、CD34、ER、PR、Vim、SMA、S100、Desmin等免疫组织化学检测。结果 8例病人中女性7例，男性1例。表现为上腹不适，伴黄疸、腹泻或闭经等。3例为手术后复诊病例。镜下见部分囊腺瘤内衬上皮明显异型增生。检测4例囊腺瘤中的卵巢样间质细胞，4例均表达CD117、Vim及SMA；分别有3例表达CD34及ER、PR；2例表达S100；Desmin无表达。肿瘤全部切除后无复发；部分切除或同时做内引流术均复发。结论 肝胆管囊性肿瘤好发于女性。上腹不适是其常见表现。术前诊断困难。手术完全切除是最佳治疗方案。在肝胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌间存在交界性病变。推测肿瘤来源于内、中两个胚层。卵巢样间质成分来源于原始间质细胞，具有平滑肌和神经双向分化，其生长可能依赖神经和雌、孕激素调节。     

术前精确定位指导肝内胆管囊腺瘤的治疗3例

目的 观察肝内胆管囊腺瘤的临床、影像、病理及外科治疗特点,探讨该病的临床诊疗方法.方法 对2005年1月～2009年1月收治的3例肝内胆管囊腺瘤病例的临床表现、影像特点、诊疗策略及效果进行回顾性分析.结果 3例患者中2例男性、1例女性,临床上均表现为上腹痛,黄疸等症状;通过B超、MRCP及ERCP等手段予以肿瘤的精确定...