盐酸罂粟碱注射液配伍警示

盐酸罂粟碱注射液是一种周围血管扩张药，在临床治疗中是一种常用药物，在输液中又常与其他几种药物配伍使用。我院在临床输液治疗中由于配伍不当发生沉淀2例，现介绍如下。     

干扰素联合微波治疗宫颈糜烂的疗效观察

既往治疗宫颈糜烂最常用的方法是微波治疗，随着这方面研究的深入，在微波治疗中用抗病毒治疗配合，已成为一种治疗的新思路。本文对比微波治疗前后分别予以干扰素栓的两种不同给药方式对宫颈糜烂患者的疗效，并以单纯使用微波治疗作对照，旨在探索一种理想的治疗方式。     

脑梗塞治疗中加重26例临床分析

脑血管疾病是神经系统的常见病和多发病，是目前人类疾病的三大死亡原因之一。而脑梗塞约占全部脑卒中的80％，关于药物治疗脑梗塞正面报道的献资料很多，但从反面报道的几乎没有。作通过对我科26例脑梗塞患出现治疗中加重的回顾性分析，以探讨其发生的原因及提出相应的对策。本组中治疗加重包括三种类型：一种是在治疗中进行性或阶梯性加重；另一种曾经一度好转，治疗尚未终止，症状再次加重；再一种是短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）在治疗中发展为脑梗塞。     

BPM系列红外光治疗仪治疗宫颈炎190例疗效观察

目的：宫颈炎是妇科疾病中最常见的一种，临床中有急性宫颈炎与慢性宫颈炎两种，给妇女身心健康带来不同程度的烦脑与痛苦，而且慢性宫颈炎久治不愈也可发生癌变，在妇女病的普查普治中，BPM光疗仪是治疗宫颈炎最有效、最理想方法之一。妇科病是危害妇女身体健康一种疾病。2004年我院在普检普查中对190名已婚妇女患有宫颈炎采用BPM光疗仪治疗，在临床治疗宫颈炎观察效果的显效治愈率达100％。一次性治愈率为98．4％。BPM光疗仪易于操作，安全可靠，是患者愿意接受的治疗方法，病人无痛苦，无副作用。     

常用抗结核药物的不良反应

结核病在上世纪前半叶还是不治之症，自从发现链霉素、利福平和异烟肼后结核病才能进行真正有效的治疗。但由于抗结核治疗需要3至4种甚至4种以上药物联合进行长疗程的治疗，所以在应用抗结核药的治疗中，出现的不良反应也较多。     

行为疗法在原发性高血压患者治疗中的应用

行为疗法是以学习理论为基础的一种心理治疗方法，近几年来已被应用于原发性高血压的临床治疗中，并在患所主理和生理方面取得了一定的治疗效果。对几种行为疗法方法及其治疗效果进行简单的介绍，供临床治疗借鉴指正。     

中药在卒中单元中的临床应用探讨

目前，随着脑血管病发病率的不断增多，世界范围内都在不断研究其不同的治疗模式。卒中单元作为一种新的治疗模式已被广泛推广，而卒中单元中药物治疗仅限于西药，很少有人应用中草药治疗。笔者临床中总结了中风急性期患者100例，在卒中单元中应用中药中西医结合治疗中风病人，取得了很好疗效，现报告如下：     

《数字图像存储器在ESWL治疗中的应用》

用ESWL（体外冲击波碎石术）治疗泌尿系结石是一种行之有效的方法。目前国内大、中城市已基本普及，为众多患者解除了痛苦。随着数字图像处理技术在ESWL治疗中的推广使用，使治疗技术日臻成熟。但是，一个不应被忽视的问题一即治疗中X射线对人体健康的影响亦应降到最低值，（B超定位机器除外）本文就数字图像存储器在ESWL治疗中减低x射线影响并提高工作效率的作用作以下探讨。X射线对人体的损伤是一种不可逆的伤害。随着x射线在人体内长时间蓄积量的增加，人体抵抗力将下降。以x射线定位为主的碎石机在治疗中，往往要不断透视，以保持…     

高压氧治疗糖尿病中出现低血糖的护理与预防

高压氧作为一种特殊的治疗手段，已广泛应用于临床，尤其近年来在预防和治疗糖尿病并发症上越来越受到人们的普遍关注与重视。糖尿病是一种不可治愈的慢性终身性疾病，其并发症严重影响病人的生活质量，为了减少并发症，提高病人的生活质量，我科于2002年7月～2004年7月对68例糖尿病病人进行了高压氧治疗，在治疗过程中，病人在舱内出现出汗、     

治疗社区模式在美沙酮维持治疗中的应用

治疗社区（therapy community，TC）是20世纪50年代后期在美国戴托普发展起来的一种能有效治疗和帮助药物滥用者戒毒的康复模式。美沙酮维持治疗（methadone maintenance trear ment，MMT）MMT要求海洛因成瘾人员每天到指定地点，在工作人员监督下口服一定剂量的美沙酮，从而减少非法毒品的使用和相关高危行为的发生。由于MMT是一种替代疗法而不是根治疗法，因此病人可能需要无限期地保持在治疗中，即终生参加维持治疗。是针对海洛因（乙醋吗啡）等阿片类毒品依赖者采取的一种替代治疗方法。相关报道：1998年9月28日我国第一个TC-云南戴托普药物依赖治疗康复中心成立，2003年10月16日北京公安局安康医院向日葵治疗社区建立。2004年4月-2005年12月，我国共批准美沙酮维持治疗试点门诊已达128家。美沙酮维持治疗试点门诊的建立是促使海洛因成瘾者的行为、方式、生活态度改变的一种重要的治疗场所。社区护理已成为护理范围内不可缺少的一部分。而社区护理中，病人健康教育又是社区护理中最基本、最重要的组成部分之一。通过国内外TC经验，结合本单位的实际情况，把美沙酮社区药物维持治疗与治疗社区模式有机结合，了解治疗社区模式可否完全在美沙酮社区维持治疗中应用。现将治疗社区模式的应用情况介绍如下。     

INFLUENCE OF CHARACTER OF ANTIBODY UPON VELOCITY OF FLOCCULATION

Results of a thorough study of the rates of flocculation of 20 antisera when mixed with their antigens in all proportions are presented. The relation between the α (constant antibody) and β (constant antigen) optima is discussed. It is suggested that most of the antisera examined can be classified into two main types, one of which, the H type, gives an optimum by both the α and β procedures, whereas the R type gives an optimum only by the former technique. It appears that these differences can only be accounted for by the influence of differences in the physical and chemical properties of the various antibodies.     

医疗用品消毒管理情况调查

目的了解医院特殊医疗器材消毒管理情况,以便改进和加强管理。方法采用现场考察和填写调查表方法对临床特殊医疗器材的消毒技术和管理情况进行了专题调研。结果医院市场采购的一次性医疗用品主要采用环氧乙烷灭菌法,少数采用电离辐射灭菌法;使用后需要进行消毒处理者主要使用含氯消毒剂和戊二醛消毒剂处理。全院使用的一次性注射器、输液器、导尿管、胃管、吸痰管等物品抽样检测全部合格。各科室常用医疗器械使用后消毒处理多数采用含氯消毒剂浸泡处理;复用前灭菌多数采用戊二醛浸泡法,少数采用压力蒸汽灭菌法,仍有用低效消毒剂处理的情况。结论该医院一次性医疗用品灭菌质量能够得到保证,使用后处理和常用医疗器械消毒与灭菌处理存在不规范情况,需要改进提高。     

消毒剂杀菌效果试验中中和剂同步稀释效果鉴定方法

目的研究高浓度消毒剂杀菌效果评价中和剂中和效果鉴定难题。方法通过同时降低中和剂和消毒剂试验浓度,按悬液定量方法进行鉴定试验。结果鉴定试验结果表明,含氯消毒剂、含碘消毒剂和过氧乙酸等3类9种消毒剂在有效成分含量为500mg/L且中和剂为原液条件下进行试验,第1、2组均无菌生长,但其他组生长菌数正常。将各消毒剂与中和剂均降低10倍浓度进行中和剂鉴定试验,结果第1、2组生长菌数符合《消毒技术规范》的要求,第3、4、5组菌落误差在允许范围内,可判定中和剂鉴定试验结果符合要求。结论对有效杀菌浓度标示过高的消毒剂,在进行中和剂鉴定试验中,可采用同时降低消毒剂和中和剂浓度的方法进行试验,只要中和剂本身有效,可以避免第1、2组无菌生长的问题。     

临床医生手卫生状况调查与管理

目的了解临床医生手卫生现状,分析影响医生洗手依从性的因素,提高手卫生管理水平。方法采用现场调查和棉拭子涂抹采样检测方法,对78名临床医生的洗手方法和效果进行了监测。结果临床医生能正确执行六步洗手法的只占28.2%,仅有31%的医生正确掌握洗手指征。临床医生洗手卫生质量合格率为35%。结论该医院临床医生洗手依从性较差,洗手方法和洗手指征不正确,手卫生合格率较低,应加强临床医生手卫生管理,提高临床医生洗手的依从性和手卫生质量。     

术前内镜下胆道内外引流的临床意义

目的：探讨术前内镜下胆道内外引流（ENBD）和／或ERBD）对梗阻性黄疸患者进行治疗和术前准备的临床意义。方法：根据病因将胆道梗阻病例33例分为良性组（21例）,恶性组（12例）。33例患者实施急诊或择期引流的同时行胆道造影以明确诊断。结果;所有患者胆道均得到充分引流,急性胆管炎者胆道感染得以迅速控制,免于急诊手术;恶性组除2例晚期胰头癌患者仅行ERBD姑息治疗外,其余经ERBD或ENBD引流后,TB均降至40μmol/L以下,为手术创造了条件。全部行根治性手术,除1例出现肝残而胆瘘外,余无并发症发生,无手术死亡率。结论：术前ENBD和ERBD确有进一步的影像学诊断价值和微创及良好的胆道引流减压减黄效果,急诊床旁ENBD尤其对急性重症胆管炎及老年急性胆管炎的治疗具有特别重要的意义。     

IMMUNOLOGIC STUDY OF STRAINS OF BACILLUS PFEIFFERI ISOLATED FROM A CASE OF MENINGITIS

Five strains of Bacillus pfeifferi were isolated from a case of meningitis. These strains came from the spinal fluid, blood, nose, throat, and nasopharynx. Immunologic reactions show no definite relations between these strains, although those from the nose, throat, and nasopharynx might be presumed to be related to one another. It is also presumable that the spinal fluid strain was derived from the upper air passages, and that the blood was invaded from the meninges. In spite of immunologic differences, it is believed that the five strains were genetically related. The variations in these five strains from a single case are as great as those which have been found by others for strains from different cases, or individuals. As determined by immunologic reactions, the number of so called strains of Bacillus pfeifferi is apparently limited only by the number of cultures which have been or might be isolated. It is inconceivable that under the designation Bacillus pfeifferi is included a heterogeneous mixture of innumerable distinct races of bacteria; there must be some biological relation which cannot be established by agglutination, complement fixation, or opsonin reactions. The variations which have been noted, may be an indication of a degree of instability which may have some bearing upon questions relating to the epidemiology of Bacillus pfeifferi infections and to the serum therapy of influenzal meningitis. The strain variations which have been shown to exist by immunologic methods do not support the theory of the etiological relationn of Bacillus pfeifferi to epidemic influenza, unless it can be shown that such variations are due to instability of the organism. The fact that the incidence of meningeal involvement was only slightly increased during the last pandemic is also evidence against the causal relation of the organism to the pandemic disease.     

消毒剂对乙型肝炎病毒灭活效果测定方法的研究

<正> 目前,由于乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)尚未能在组织培养中生长,因此对HBV灭活效果的测定,除少数实验室应用直接感染黑猩猩的方法外,其它大多使用血清学标志间接进行评价,如乙型肝炎病毒脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)、乙型肝炎病毒脱氧核糖核酸多聚酶(HBV DNA-P)、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)、乙型肝炎核心抗原(HBcAg)与乙型肝炎病毒相关人多聚白蛋白受体(HBV-pHSA受体)。     

EFFECTS ON TITRATIONS OF INEQUALITY OF SENSITIZATION OF CORPUSCLES

The absorption of amboceptor by corpuscles is rapid, a considerable amount being absorbed in as short a period as fifteen seconds. In the sensitization of corpuscles, the amount of amboceptor absorbed by the different corpuscles is not uniform, the inequality depending on the time taken in obtaining an even distribution of the corpuscles through the diluted immune serum. Amboceptor absorption is apparently influenced by the concentration of the corpuscles, being more rapid with a 5 per cent. than with a 2 per cent. suspension, and thus the stronger concentration is more susceptible to inequality of sensitization from variations in the method of activation. In experimental work, it is of importance to obtain as equal a sensitization as possible. It is essential that in comparative titrations the same method of activation be employed in the several titrations, and where possible it is advisable that all the cells used be sensitized together in bulk. The results obtained in titrating hemolytic sera and complement depend to a considerable extent upon the evenness of sensitization of the corpuscles.     

CALCIFICATION OF THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS OF CATS

Calcification of the fascicular zone of the cortex has been observer in 64 of 257 cats. It is always calcification and never ossification It is more common in young animals and in our experience is associated with distemper. In its severe forms it may be recognized clinically. The symptoms resemble those seen in cats surviving double suprarenalectomy for 2 to 3 weeks. The toxin producing the focal degeneration is dearly a very specific one since attempts to produce such lesions by several types of experimental injury have failed. The sequence of events appears to be similar to that present in other degenerative processes associated with calcification, namely cell injury and necrosis, deposition of calcium at first as fatty compounds which later change to carbonate and phosphate. It is suggested that this lesion should be considered in interpreting experiments in which cats are used.     

A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF SOLUTIONS OF PANCREATIC TISSUE; WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CAUSE OF COLLAPSE IN ACUTE PANCREATITIS

From these results it is permissible to draw the following conclusions which may be used to explain certain phenomena associated especially with the onset of acute pancreatitis. 1. The sudden marked collapse of acute pancreatitis has as its most important cause a toxin or toxins derived from broken down pancreatic tissue. This toxin or toxins seem to be most powerful in the stage of degradation just after the disappearance of the biuret reaction and are probably of the nature of aromatic and amino-compounds. 2. There are various contributing factors of toxic action as peptone and trypsin, but these are to be regarded as of secondary importance. 3. Mechanical irritation as stretching of the peritoneum and irritation of the caeliac plexus is a secondary cause. 4. The glycerine produced through the action of steapsin cannot be regarded as an important cause of collapse.