Using online databases to find journal articles on injury prevention and safety promotion research: key journals and the databases that index them.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the trends of the number of journals that publish injury prevention and safety promotion (IPSP) articles and the number of articles published each year from 1900 through 2006; (2) to determine the coverage of key IPSP journals in widely used literature databases. METHODS: Journals were identified through a structured procedure that included hand-searching selected classification categories of two major listings of periodicals that publish four or more IPSP-relevant articles per year. Article relevance was assessed using the inclusion criteria for SafetyLit (a database of scholarly literature selected for its relevance to the IPSP field). Each identified journal was hand-searched from its first issue, and IPSP-relevant articles were added to the SafetyLit archive database. A MySQL database was used to perform basic queries and statistical summary analyses for journals published 1900-2006. The number of IPSP journals and journal articles was plotted for these years to identify publication trends. The publication year range of each IPSP journal was compared with the coverage, if any, of the journals in each of the five databases. RESULTS: Of the 17 839 journals assessed, 597 met the threshold for inclusion in this study. This amounts to thousands of IPSP-related articles published each year: 6100 in 2006. Only 160 (26.8%) of the journals are included in all five databases, and none have all publication years included in all of the databases. CONCLUSIONS: Some key IPSP journals are completely excluded from some of the databases. Thus, a search in a single database may miss key information from one of the many disciplines that publish IPSP-relevant information.     

Early Childhood Research Landscape on Children’s Profile: Coherent Taxonomy,Motivation, Open Challenges,Recommendations and,Pathways for Future Research

To survey researchers’ efforts in depth in learning new problems, issues, motives on research related to children’s profiles; sculpting the literature into a clear and structed taxonomy; and determining the basic attributes of this research in terms of motivation and challenges, as well as recommendations and future studies. A focused search for each article was conducted on child profiles in four major databases: ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EBSCO, and ERIC. These databases are broad and sufficient to cover child profile studies in the literature. The initial query search resulted in 99 articles: (15/99) from ScienceDirect database, (45/99) from WoS, (23/99) from ERIC, and (16/99) articles from EBSCO, from 2011 to 2016. Those papers were thoroughly perused for the main purpose of developing a general map for research conducted on this emerging topic. Most of the articles (81.82%; 81/99) were measurement and evaluation papers; (15.15%; 15/99) were review and survey papers that refer to the literature in order to describe the child profile; and (3.03%; 3/99) were a design. Since 2011, researchers have followed the trend of child profile applications in many ways, while leaving certain aspects for further attention. Regardless of their categorization, articles focus on several challenges that hinder the full utility of child profile apps and do recommend mitigations. Research on child profiles is active and highly varied. In this paper, we hope that this review of previous studies will contribute to understanding the challenges and gaps that are available to other researchers to join this research line.     

The definition of human viability: a historical perspective

Aim:  To investigate the current concepts related to the definition of human viability in a historical perspective.
Methods:  A review of the international literature was performed by using PubMed, Google, Embase to find definitions of Human Viability. The papers collected were divided chronologically.
Results:  Over the years, many authors have debated the concept of the limit of human viability, starting from Ballantyne in the early 1900. The definition differs from author to author.
Conclusion:  The definition of human viability is still under discussion. It depends primarily, but not only, on gestational age. A number of genetic, cultural, social and technological variables are also influential. This definition could have an impact on legislation and the widespread misunderstanding of this concept in the lay public could also be enhanced by a frank discussion among clinicians and other professionals.     

儿童和青少年脑性瘫痪临床实践指南选题的范围综述

背景：儿童和青少年脑瘫的康复期望高质量的临床实践指南,指导康复实践者通过科学合理的评估与干预,改善儿童和青少年脑瘫的健康状态。 目的支持、改进和完善指南核心专家组提出的儿童和青少年脑性瘫痪临床实践指南（CANDLE）选题架构层次。 设计：范围综述。 方法：检索英文数据库（谷歌学术搜索）和中文数据库（中国知网、万方和维普）;灰色文献检索谷歌和百度网站;检索起止日期为2010年1月1日至2022年5月2日。纳入儿童和青少年脑瘫知识合成类文献（指南、共识、系统评价、范围综述）。根据谷歌学术搜索网站默认的智能排序依次筛选,阅读题目和摘要初筛直至连续50篇均无符合纳入标准的文献为止;筛选保留文献下载全文再筛;再筛保留文献的参考文献与保留文献查重,不重复文献行题目和摘要筛选。自制文献数据提取表,提取文献一般特征;范围综述界定问题：《国际功能、残疾和健康分类 儿童青少年》（ICF CY）运用状况,功能是如何被表述的,儿童脑瘫康复的评估、发育、交互等如何被总结归纳的;6名数据提取员采用定性和定量的方法总结结果,CANDLE核心专家成员通过讨论回答范围综述界定的问题。 主要结局指标：指南选题总体框架层次。 结果：372篇文献纳入本文范围综述,指南、共识、系统评价和范围综述均呈现随年份逐步增多趋势,英文范围综述2010至2018年7篇,~2022年42篇。英文文献研究者最关注干预技术、评估技术和功能状态,中文文献中干预技术占比66.7%。181篇英文干预技术文献中,涉及37种技术。整体架构采用了ICF CY或ICF理念4篇,部分采用了为78篇。47篇共识和指南中,9篇共识和7部指南以功能为切入,与运动和姿势相关的功能切入点包括：肌张力、移动、手部活动、继发肌肉骨骼障碍、日常生活活动能力和休闲活动。104篇（31%）文献单独论述评估方法,采用基于共识的健康测量工具遴选标准（COSMIN）方法20篇。9篇（3%）单独阐述发育特性对功能的影响。41篇（12.1%）通过相关性、影响因素等方法分析了各种功能之间以及与背景性因素的交互作用。 结论：范围综述支持、改进和完善了CANDLE总体架构,修正为以功能为切入点建立8个维度,以ICF CY定位、评估、发育、交互性、干预5要素表现维度,在要素下产生选题。     

Predicting outcome in children with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is common in children, and providing accurate and timely prognostic information is important in determining the appropriate level of care. While practice parameters are available for prognostication in adults, similar reviews are not available for children. This article reviews the current evidence in domains used to provide prognostic information in children with coma due to HIE. These include historical features of the event; physical exam signs; neurophysiologic studies, such as electroencephalogram and evoked potentials; and neuroimaging. DATA SOURCE: A literature search of MEDLINE was performed using the search terms HIE and prognosis cross-referenced in series with specific domains used to provide prognostic information, including physical examination, electroencephalogram, evoked potentials, neuroimaging, and magnetic resonance imaging. The results of these searches were scanned by the authors to identify articles pertaining to children (nonneonates). Further literature was identified from the reference lists of the literature identified by MEDLINE search. Clinical, preclinical, and review articles were identified that were related to the current understanding of prognosis in pediatric HIE. Only literature in English was reviewed. RESULTS: When performed at least 24 hrs after the inciting event, abnormal exam signs (pupil reactivity and motor response), absent N20 waves bilaterally on somatosensory evoked potentials, electrocerebral silence or burst suppression patterns on electroencephalogram (not due to metabolic or medication etiology), and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion restriction in the cortex and basal ganglia are each highly predictive of poor outcome. Combining these modalities improves the overall predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: All testing provides the best prognostic information several days after hypoxic-ischemic injury, and often multiple tests are required to improve prognostic ability and rule out potentially confounding conditions. Thus, when decisions can be postponed several days, neurologic consultation and testing can provide the best prognostic information to families.     

Treatment of headaches

OBJECTIVE: To perform a bibliographic review about headache treatment in childhood and adolescence. SOURCES: Articles were searched through Medline database using the terms: migraine, or headache, childhood, or adolescence, and treatment, during the period between 1966 and 2001. Review articles and case reports were excluded. Only articles dealing with pharmacological, and non-pharmacological treatment of primary headaches were selected. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: A total of 104 articles were found; only those reporting results of the case-control studies, or drug vs. placebo, either blind, or open, and that included children, or adolescents were selected. CONCLUSIONS: Only a few controlled studies about the headache treatment were found in the pediatric age group, although primary headaches are frequently seen in clinical practice. Therefore they constitute an important subject to be studied. Only a few drugs were adequately studied, and in a small number of studies. Both acute and prophylactic treatment were addressed.     

Human Inborn Errors of Immunity (HIEI): predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs): if you suspect it,you can detect it

ObjectiveThis minireview gathers the scientific foundations of the literature on genetic errors in the development of the humoral immune system to help pediatricians suspect these defects.SourcesA systemic search using the PubMed MEDLINE database was performed for all Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies (PADs) described in the 2020 IUIS Expert Committee for PID classification system, combined with terms for hypogammaglobulinemia. Search terms for PADs were based on the listed names and affected genes as classified by the IUIS 2020. Abstracts of the results were reviewed to find relevant case series, review articles of PADs associated with infection, opportunistic infection, autoimmunity, cytopenias, malignancies, inflammatory diseases, neurological and respiratory diseases. References from relevant articles were further reviewed for additional references. Relevant findings were grouped in accordance with the IUIS 2020 classification system. Clinical and genetic features, if known, were described.Data synthesisPADs refer to impaired antibody production due to molecular defects intrinsic to B cells or a failure of interaction between B and T cells. The patients develop recurrent or chronic infection or respond to the antigens with dysregulation of the immune function, causing severe allergy, autoimmunity, inflammation, lymphoproliferation and malignancy. The diagnosis is a combined exercise of clinical and laboratory investigation similar to that performed by Bruton (1952). In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the experience of XLA and CVID patients has been surprising. Variants in 39 genes were reported as causing PADs, but the clinical heterogeneity within each variant is not clear.ConclusionBruton (1952) used clinical expertise and protein electrophoresis to identify XLA. The IUIS (2020) committee used immunoglobulins and B lymphocyte to characterize PADs. Pediatricians should suspect it to detect it and prevent morbidities that can have an astonishing and irreversible impact on the child's life.     

Evidence based medicine: An example in the pediatric setting

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the main steps to incorporate into clinical practice the concepts of evidence-based medicine, which is a strategy to help clinicians take more suitable decisions when confronted with clinical problems. METHOD: Search in Medline database of articles related with evidence-based medicine, review of a number of clinical epidemiology textbooks and selected articles. RESULTS: Evidence-based medicine recognizes two main sources of information for clinical decision making: 1) the individual patient; and 2) clinical epidemiological research. Trough evidencebased medicine the experience accumulated by a trained clinician should be integrated with the best external evidence obtained from systematic research. The appraisal of external evidence requires new knowledge and skills for the practicing clinician. These skills aim at enabling the clinician to make independent critical judgement of the quality of information that will translate into medical actions for his/her patients. Evidence-based medicine provides the tools to 1) keep up with an ever growing burden of health information; 2) efficiently select best available information; 3) critically appraise selected information; 4) synthesize selected information; and 5) integrate selected information into clinical experience in the management of diagnosed health problems. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based medicine could be seen as a way to bridge knowledge, skills, and attitudes acquired from clinical experience with the ability to evaluate the best available external evidence generated by scientific research.     

How to perform a literature search

The first and most crucial stage in performing a comprehensive search of the literature is to formulate a clearly defined question, which can easily be translated into an effective search strategy. The next stage is to choose the most appropriate information resource. There are many resources available, some of which provide access to summaries of pre-appraised high-quality information. These resources should be searched initially and can be interrogated simply by using one or two key terms taken from the search strategy developed. If this approach fails to retrieve any relevant material then more general medical databases should be sought. General medical databases such as MEDLINE provide access to primary research articles. These require more complex interrogation, using many terms from the devised search strategy to maximize the number of relevant hits.     

Caliber of quality-of-life assessments in congenital heart disease: a plea for more conceptual and methodological rigor

BACKGROUND: Interest in quality-of-life issues in children, adolescents, and adults with congenital heart disease has increased significantly during the past decades. In general, quality-of-life research is stimulated by an overall interest in outcomes. More specifically, quality-of-life studies add to mortality and morbidity data by taking reported physical, psychological, and social problems into consideration. However, quality of life can be an ambiguous concept that is hindered by methodological weaknesses, a situation that can prevent the drawing of firm conclusions. OBJECTIVE: To appraise the conceptual and methodological rigor of published quality-of-life assessments in patients with congenital heart disease. DESIGN: A review of 70 articles published in the medical literature, using the 10 criteria previously developed by Gill and Feinstein. For each criterion, the number of articles complying with that criterion was counted, and the percentage was calculated. To indicate how well individual articles performed on the respective criteria, a summary score was calculated by summing the number of criteria an article fulfilled and dividing this sum by the number of criteria for which the article was eligible to be evaluated; the resulting value was then multiplied by 100. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Summary scores ranging from 0, for articles complying with none of the criteria, to 100, for articles complying with all of the criteria. RESULTS: We found that quality-of-life assessments in patients with congenital heart disease showed major conceptual and methodological drawbacks (median summary score, 0). Moreover, we found that the term quality of life was often used inappropriately, an observation supported by several articles in which the authors drew conclusions about patients' quality of life, even though quality of life was not specifically measured. CONCLUSIONS: A poor conceptual and methodological basis for quality of life implies that many results from quality-of-life studies performed in patients with congenital heart disease contribute little to the scientific knowledge base of quality of life in this patient population. Future quality-of-life studies need to invest in a rigorous conceptualization, an adequate operational definition, and a sound measurement of quality of life.     

A systematic review of brachial plexus surgery for birth-related brachial plexus injury

OBJECTIVE: Brachial plexus injury complicates 0.6-2.6 per 1,000 live births. Surgery is sometimes advocated for patients who fail to improve with conservative management. We reviewed the available literature on birth-related brachial plexus palsy in order to provide recommendations for surgical management, using evidence-based criteria. METHODS: Studies were identified by searching Medline (1966-2002) and the Cochrane Library using the terms brachial plexus, neonate or infant, surgery and natural history. The reference lists of relevant articles were also reviewed. The search was restricted to articles published in English. Each article was classified according to its methodology. Management recommendations were suggested based on the results of the studies identified and the degree of certainty of the available literature. RESULTS: Twenty-three papers were selected for detailed analysis. There are no randomized controlled trials that have investigated the role of brachial plexus surgery in the management of birth-related brachial plexus palsy. Two prospective studies of relevance were found, one describing the natural history of birth-related brachial plexus injury and one evaluating surgery for these patients. The remainder consisted of retrospective case series. Outcomes from surgical series are generally favorable (level III and V evidence). Direct comparison with the natural history could not be inferred from the series reviewed given the lack of controls. CONCLUSION: There is no conclusive evidence showing a benefit of surgery over conservative management approaches in the treatment of patients with birth-related brachial plexus injuries. Surgery remains a valid practice option given the level III and V evidence suggesting a possible benefit of surgery.     

Internal carotid artery dissection following wooden arrow injury to the posterior pharynx. Case report

In this report the authors describe a case of internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection following a blunt posterior pharynx injury and review current literature on the identification and treatment of such disorders. An ICA dissection developed in a 6-year-old boy who had suffered blunt injury to the posterior pharynx and who was followed up via computed tomography (CT) angiography and clinic visits for 6 months. The ICA dissection healed with pseudoaneurysm development and was treated with anticoagulation therapy. The authors searched the January 1996 through March 2007 MEDLINE database by using the Ovid search engine. They requested all English-language articles with the term "carotid dissection." Reference lists from these articles were retrieved and searched for additional relevant sources. The authors found that given its availability and speed of acquisition, CT angiography typically is the preferred initial diagnostic method. Magnetic resonance angiography is usually recommended for follow-up examination especially in pediatric cases. According to the available literature, the current preferred treatment for ICA dissection is anticoagulation.     

Classifying insulin regimens – difficulties and proposal for comprehensive new definitions

Modern insulin regimens for the treatment of type 1 diabetes are highly individualized. The concept of an individually tailored medicine accounts for a broad variety of different insulin regimens applied. Despite clear recommendations for insulin management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes there is little distinctiveness about concepts and the nomenclature is confusing. Even among experts similar terms are used for different strategies. The aim of our review – based on the experiences of the Hvidoere Study Group (HSG) – is to propose comprehensive definitions for current insulin regimens reflecting current diabetes management in childhood and adolescence. The HSG – founded in 1994 – is an international group representing 24 highly experienced pediatric diabetes centers, from Europe, Japan, North America and Australia. Different benchmarking studies of the HSG revealed a broad variety of insulin regimens applied in each center, respectively. Furthermore, the understanding of insulin regimens has been persistently different between the centers since more than 20 yr. Not even the terms ‘conventional’ and ‘intensified therapy’ were used consistently among all members. Besides the concepts ‘conventional’ and ‘intensified’, several other terms for the characterization of insulin regimens are in use: Basal Bolus Concept (BBC), multiple daily injections (MDI), and flexible insulin therapy (FIT) are most frequently used, although none of these expressions is clearly or consistently defined. The proposed new classification for insulin management will be comprehensive, simple, and catchy. Currently available terms were included. This classification may offer the opportunity to compare therapeutic strategies without the currently existing confusion on the insulin regimen.     

Japan''s contribution to clinical pediatrics research in the last decade

OBJECTIVE: To determine Japan's contribution to research in clinical pediatrics over the last decade. METHODS: Articles published in highly reputable pediatrics journals from 1991-2000 were accessed through the MEDLINE database. The number of articles which had an affiliation with a Japanese institution were counted for each of the journals and also summed in total. Proportions of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control/cohort studies among the articles from Japan were also generated and compared with the average for the entirety. In addition, shares of the top-ranking countries were presented along with their trend over time. RESULTS: In total, 20 189 articles were published in the selected seven pediatric journals from 1991-2000. Japan contributed 3.0% of these articles and this contribution was ranked 7th in the world. A negative trend was noticed in Japan's contribution over time but it was not statistically significant (z = -0.40, P = 0.16). RCTs accounted for 7.3% of the total articles, but only 0.34% of those from Japan. CONCLUSIONS: Japan's share of articles in pediatrics research was smaller than that in basic science and some of the other clinical fields. The number of articles from Japan providing a high level of evidence was meager in this field.     

The most commonly cited articles in pediatric surgical journals.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the most frequently cited articles published in 3 main journals dedicated to the field of pediatric surgery (Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery International and European Journal of Pediatric Surgery). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search was initiated using the database (1985 - 2006) of the Science Citation Index of the Institute for Scientific Information. The total number of publications and their citation numbers were found and the most cited articles were investigated in detail. A total of 600 (200 from each journal) most cited articles were identified and chosen for further analysis. RESULTS: The total number of citations in these 3 journals was 20 271. The citations of the most cited articles ranged from 10 to 224. The articles were published between 1985 and 2003 and the mean number of citations/article was 33.78. Articles originated from 39 counties and 256 institutions. The leading countries were the United States (203 articles from 75 institutions), Germany (50 articles from 21 institutions), Japan (34 articles from 17 institutions), Switzerland (34 articles from 8 institutions), United Kingdom (32 articles from 19 institutions), and Canada (28 articles from 7 institutions). Of the institutions with the highest number of cited articles, four institutions were from the USA followed by Switzerland with two institutions. The leading topics were the gastrointestinal system (n = 239), respiratory system (n = 94), urology (n = 61) and oncology (n = 56), and diaphragmatic hernia (n = 41) was the most common special topic. There were 42 case reports (7 %) and 75 experimental research articles (12.5 %). Thirty-four authors from 14 countries and 30 institutions had articles in more than one journal. The most cited author was N. S. Adzick from the USA with 224 citations. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that the Journal of Pediatric Surgery predominated with the greatest number of cited articles. The most cited articles, authors and institutions originated from the USA and English-speaking countries. The gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, urology and oncology were the leading topics and diaphragmatic hernia was the most common special topic.     

Pediatricians advocating for children: an annotated bibliography

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pediatricians have for many years been strong advocates for the health and safety of children. This article reviews the health literature to provide a historical perspective of advocacy efforts of pediatricians and examples of advocacy for patients at the bedside, in the community, and through local, state, and federal legislation, as well as policymaking. Studying these advocacy activities and incorporating them into pediatric practice and education of residents will surely result in stronger, healthier, safer, and happier children and families. RECENT FINDINGS: Some of the cited works relate to pediatric advocacy in general, and some relate to advocacy for specific pediatric topics. Also, articles relating to the education of medical students and pediatric residents are reviewed; they may be of benefit to educators who develop advocacy curriculum. SUMMARY: A review of the MEDLINE literature database from 1966 through October 2003 was performed looking for the terms advocacy (child advocacy, consumer advocacy, legislative advocacy, patient advocacy), as well as advocacy education and training, and was limited to children from birth through 18 years. The titles and many of the abstracts of 4580 articles were reviewed, and 104 articles were read in full. From these, 68 were selected for review here; they were thought to be of particular interest to practicing pediatricians and pediatric educators.     

Key Studies in Medical Education from 2017: A Narrative Review

Education, like clinical medicine, should be based on the most current evidence in the field. Despite the overwhelming breadth of literature in medical education, pediatric educators desire and need to incorporate best practices into their educational approaches. This article provides an overview of 18 articles from the literature in 2017 that the authors consider to be key articles in the field of pediatric medical education. The 7 authors, all medical educators with combined leadership experience and expertise across the continuum of pediatric medical education, used an iterative, staged process to review more than 1682 abstracts published in 2017. This process aimed to identify a subset of articles that were most relevant to educational practice and most applicable to pediatric medical education. In the process, pairs of authors independently reviewed and scored abstracts in 13 medical education-related journals and reached consensus to identify the abstracts that best met these criteria. Selected abstracts were discussed using different pairs to select the final articles included in this review. This paper presents summaries of the 18 articles that were selected. The results revealed a cluster of studies related to feedback, coaching, and observation; trainee progression, educator development, trainee entrustment, culture, and climate; and the medical student experience. This narrative review offers a useful tool for educators interested in keeping informed about the most relevant and valuable information in the field of medical education.     

Celiakia w polskojęzycznych publikacjach 1990–2012 – analiza bibliometryczna

Background

Lack of knowledge about the symptoms and diagnosis of celiac disease can lead to a significant delay in diagnosis. Awareness of the disease and of its common occurrence translates into increased probability of putting forward the initial diagnosis and further diagnostics.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate frequency and choice of scientific journals with articles in Polish about celiac disease and their comparison with literature on Crohn's disease for the last 20 years.

Materials and methods

We used an iteractive search process to identify all articles on database Polish Medical Bibliography (1979–2013) made available by Warsaw's Central Medical Library in June 2013. Articles published in the years 1990–2012, written in Polish and indexed under key words “celiac disease” and “Crohn's disease” have been searched. Distribution of articles in journals and among the authors has been analysed.

Results

462 publications were qualified to analyses with the keyword “celiac disease” and 510 with the keyword “Crohn's disease”. In years 1992–1996 articles with the keyword “celiac disease” 3-times outnumbered the works on Crohn's disease. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, a significant growth in number of scientific articles about Crohn's disease was observed. In years 2007–2011, literature on celiac disease measured by the number of publications was nearly half smaller). Ten journals with the highest number of articles with the keyword “celiac disease” posted nearly 62% of all publications related to celiac disease. Similar index for Crohn's disease was 60%. Three journals with the largest number of articles about celiac disease are notable for their pediatric focuses. The top-10 prolific authors have contributed to the creation of 55.4% of all publications on celiac disease and 34.5% of the articles about Crohn's disease were co-created by the 10 most prolific authors.

Conclusions

In the recent 10 years the number of Polish-language publications on celiac disease is invariably small. To sensibilize Polish medical professionalists to celiac disease probably may help:

(1)

greater influx of articles to Polish language journals,

(2)

selection of journals focusing not only on pediatrics and gastroenterology.