胆囊癌组织Survivin表达及临床意义

我们对39例胆囊癌及其癌旁组织、12例胆囊腺瘤性息肉组织进行Survivin、CD44v6和nm23(non-metastatic 23 rd)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)检测,探讨其表达与胆囊癌发生、发展的关系.     

原发性胆囊癌CD44v6和bcl-2的表达及其与临床病理的关系

目的　探讨CD44v6和bcl 2蛋白在原发性胆囊癌组织中的表达及其与癌组织类型、病理分级和转移状况的关系 ,以及CD44v6表达与bcl 2表达的相关性。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法检测 50例原发性胆囊癌、2 0例胆囊腺瘤和 1 0例慢性胆囊炎组织中CD44v6和bcl 2蛋白的表达。结果　胆囊癌组织中CD44v6和bcl 2表达阳性率分别为82 .0 %和 60 .0 % ,均明显高于胆囊腺瘤 (分别为 45 .0 %和 30 .0 % ,P<0 .0 5) ,并随着胆囊癌细胞分化程度的减低、病理分级的增高和转移而明显增高 (P<0 .0 5)。同时 ,CD44v6的表达与bcl 2表达呈正相关 (r =0 .36 ,P<0 .0 5)。结论　CD44v6和bcl 2均是胆囊癌高度恶性和预后不良的重要指标。胆囊癌CD44v6表达与bcl 2蛋白表达可能具有相互协同作用。     

原发性胆囊癌CD44v6、Survivin的表达与临床病理的相关性

目的 探讨CD44v6和Survivin蛋白在原发性胆囊癌组织中的表达与癌组织类型、病理分级和转移状况的关系,以及CD44v6与Survivin表达之间的相关性.方法 应用免疫组化方法检测52例胆囊腺癌、20例胆囊腺瘤和20例慢性胆囊炎组织中CD44v6和Survivin表达水平.结果 胆囊癌组织中CD44v6和Survivin阳性表达率分别为80.8%(42/52)和67.3%(35/52),均明显高于胆囊腺瘤(分别为45.0%和30.0%,P<0.05),并随着胆囊癌的分化程度减低、病理分级增高和转移而明显增高(P<0.05).同时,CD44v6表达与Survivin表达呈明显正相关(X2=5.19,P<0.05).结论 CD44v6和Survivin均是胆囊癌高度恶化和预后不良的重要指标.胆囊癌CD44v6表达与Survivin表达可能具有协同作用.     

CD44v6在胆囊癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨CD44v6与胆囊癌发生及胆囊癌恶性生物学行为的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学法研究CD44v6在29例胆囊癌、16例胆囊腺瘤及8例正常胆囊组织中的表达.结果 CD44v6在正常胆囊组强保未见表达,胆囊癌与胆囊腺瘤中的表达率分别为62.1%和19%,CD44v6的表达与胆囊癌淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.05),未分化及低分化胆囊癌CD44v6的表达率显著高于高分化胆囊癌(P＜0.05).结论 CD44v6参与胆囊癌的发生、发展.     

SurvivinmRNA在胆囊癌中的表达及其对化疗预后的影响

目的 探讨凋亡抑制基因survivin mRNA在胆囊癌的表达及其与胆囊癌发生发展的关系.方法 应用逆转录一聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测17例胆囊癌组织中survivin mRNA的表达情况,分析其与临床特征之间的相关性.结果 在17例胆囊癌组织中11例表达阳性,阳性率为64.7%,survivin mRNA在17例癌旁组织和12例胆囊腺瘤性息肉组织中均未检出;survivin mRNA的表达与患者的性别、年龄、是否有胆囊结石、病理分型、Nevin分期、转移无关(P＞0.05).结论 survivin mRNA在胆囊癌中的表达能促进胆囊癌的发生发展,阻断survivin mRNA的表达可为胆囊癌的治疗提供新的途径.     

survivin和VEGF在原发性胆囊癌中表达的相关性及临床价值探讨

胆道恶性肿瘤包括胆囊癌、肝外胆管癌和壶腹部癌，其中胆囊癌约占2／3。我们运用免疫组化方法对39例胆囊癌及其癌旁组织、12例胆囊腺瘤性息肉组织中进行survivin、VEGF检测，研究其表达与胆囊癌发生、发展的关系。     

结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin的蛋白表达及意义

为探讨结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin蛋白表达及其与临床病理参数的关系。笔者采用微波-LSAB免疫组化染色法检测60例结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin的表达情况，并分析其与结直肠癌浸润转移的关系。结果示CD44v6阳性表达主要在细胞膜和细胞质，survivin主要在细胞质。60例结直肠癌CD44v6和survivin蛋白阳性表达率分别为71.7%和65.0%。它们与肿瘤临床Dukes分期、浸润程度、淋巴结转移及术后复发有关(P<0.05)。提示分别检测CD44v6和survivin蛋白表达，对了解结直肠癌的生物学行为和判断患者的预后有一定价值     

CD44v5、CD44v6在胆囊癌组织中的表达研究

目的检测胆囊癌组织中CD44v5、CD44v6的表达,并探讨其在胆囊癌发生发展过程中的临床病理意义。方法采用SP免疫组织化学方法,检测49例胆囊癌、10例胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎组织和10例正常胆囊组织中CD44v5、CD44v6蛋白表达情况。结果①CD44v5、CD44v6阳性表达率在胆囊癌组织明显高于良性组织。②在胆囊癌中,CD44v5基因表达阳性率与组织学分级无关,而CD44v6基因表达阳性率与组织学分级有关。③有淋巴结转移的胆囊癌组织中,CD44v5、CD44v6阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移者。结论CD44v5、CD44v6可能在胆囊癌的淋巴结转移中起着重要的作用,CD44v5、CD44v6可能是了解胆囊癌病变发生发展生物学行为及淋巴结转移的重要生物学指标。     

CD44v6和基质金属蛋白酶-2表达与胆囊癌的侵袭和转移关系

目的 探讨粘附分子CD44v6，基质金属蛋白－2（MMP－2）在胆囊癌侵袭和转移中的作用。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测了42例胆囊癌，10例慢性结石性胆囊炎组织中CD44v6和MMP－2的表达。结果 （1）CD44v6阳性表达率在胆囊癌组（64．3％，72／42）明显高于慢性结石性胆囊炎组（0％，0／10）（P＜0．005）；CD44v6表达强度与胆囊癌的病理学分级相关（P＜0．05），低分化与中，高分化组差异有显著性（P＜0．01）；胆囊癌中转移组阳性率明显高于非转移组（P＜0．01），CD44v6阳性的胆囊癌病人预后较差。（2）MMP－2在胆囊癌组织中表达率（61．9％）明显高于慢性结石性胆囊炎组（10％，P＜0．005）；MMP－2的表达与胆囊癌细胞的分化，转移和预后有关（P＜0．05）；随着分化程度的恶化，其阳性率增高；93）CD44v6和MMP－2在胆囊癌组织中表达呈正相关（P＜0．005）。结论 CD44v6，MMP－2的表达与胆囊癌分化，转移及预后有关，在胆囊癌细胞的侵袭和转移中起重要作用。联合检测有利于评估胆囊癌的生物学行为和判断预后。     

结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和表达及意义survivin的蛋白

为探讨结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin蛋白表达及其与临床病理参数的关系。笔者采用微波-LSAB免疫组化染色法检测60例结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin的表达情况，并分析其与结直肠癌浸润转移的关系。结果示CD44v6阳性表达主要在细胞膜和细胞质，survivin主要在细胞质。60例结直肠癌CD44v6和survivin蛋白阳性表达率分别为71．7％和65．0％。它们与肿瘤临床Dukes分期、浸润程度、淋巴结转移及术后复发有关（P〈0．05）。提示分别检测CD44v6和survivin蛋白表达．对了解结盲肠癌的牛物学行为和判断患者的预后有一定价值.     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.