前列地尔对先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压的治疗作用

目的观察前列地尔脂微球载体制剂(LipoPGE1,商品名:凯时)对高肺血流性先天性心脏病(先心病)患儿的肺循环和体循环压力及阻力的影响作用。方法将50例先心病合并重度肺动脉高压的患儿随机设为治疗组(25例),于右心导管检查术中直接静脉推注凯时及对照组(25例),推注立其丁,观察肺动脉(PA)、主动脉(AO)、肺毛细血管(PW)压力,以及肺循环阻力、体循环阻力和心率的改变。结果凯时能有效降低PA压力(P<0.001),对AO压力和心率影响不明显;而立其丁在降低PA压力的同时,也使AO压力下降,并明显加快心率(P均<0.001)。结论对于先心病合并肺动脉高压的患儿,凯时可能是一种比较理想的选择性降低PA压力的制剂。     

前列腺素E1在婴儿室间隔缺损并肺高压的应用

目的　探讨术前应用前列腺素E1(PGE1)对室间隔缺损并肺高压婴儿 ,增强心功能 ,降低肺动脉及肺小动脉阻力 ,提高手术耐受性的意义。方法　本组 18例 ,男 13例 ,女 5例。年龄 5个月～ 6岁平均 (2 9.6 7± 2 3.14 )个月。术前经右心导管测量右房、肺动脉、肺小动脉压力及相应部位的血氧含量 ,依Fick’s公式分别计算出体循环、肺循环血流量及分流量 ,肺小动脉阻力、肺总阻力。选取Pp/Ps>0 .4 5者为研究对象。术前给予静滴PGE114d ,观察患儿用药后气急、肺部叮罗音的改变。对比根治手术中所测量肺动脉及肺小动脉压力 ,再次计算出上述各项数据。结果　用药后肺动脉压、肺小动脉压、Pp/Ps、全肺阻力、肺小动脉阻力等均有明显下降 ;在心内分流量及体循环压力基本不变情况下 ,左、右心排量明显增加。全组病例术后均治愈。随访 2年患儿生长发育良好。结论　PGE1是一种强有力的血管扩张剂 ,能直接扩张肺动脉 ,降低肺动脉、肺小动脉压力和肺循环阻力 ,提高左右心输出量 ,改善心功能。术前用药可改善患儿心肺功能 ,增加对体外循环及手术的耐受性 ,渡过术后肺动脉高压危险期及提高治愈率     

吸入伊洛前列素对先天性心脏病患儿术后肺动脉高压的治疗作用

目的 评价吸入伊洛前列素对先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压的疗效,并初步探讨其机制.方法 以中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院小儿心脏中心PICU收治的体外循环下双心室矫治手术后合并肺动脉高压13例患儿为研究对象,在术后48 h内常规治疗的基础上,给予有效剂量伊洛前列素25 ng/(kg·min),每次吸入10 min,每4小时1次.观察患儿的血流动力学改变,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆cAMP和cGMP浓度.结果 13例患儿平均年龄(17.88±12.56)个月,平均体质量(9.29±3.59)kg.治疗前右房压、肺动脉收缩压、肺动脉收缩压/主动脉收缩压比值分别是(11.5±1.41)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、(61.64±13.6)mm Hg和0.66±0.16;治疗后20 min分别降至(9.88±1.88)mmHg、(47.67±12.18)mm Hg和0.52±0.15;治疗前后差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).治疗后120 min伊洛前列素疗效仍然存在.治疗前患儿血浆cAMP浓度为(335.75±127.31)μg/L,治疗后20 min升至(519.68±148.54)μg/L,治疗前后差异有显著性(P＜0.01).治疗前后血压、呼吸机条件和血浆cGMP浓度没有明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 对于先天性心脏病术后合并肺动脉高压患儿,吸入伊洛前列素可以显著降低肺动脉压力、改善肺循环血流动力学状态,可能与增高血浆cAMP浓度有关系.吸入伊洛前列素对体循环和呼吸功能影响小,未观察到明显不良反应.     

室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压肺血管床功能状诚评估指标的研究

探讨室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压肺血和功能状态的评估指标。方法 对室间隔缺损合并重度肺动脉高压的患儿，于心导管术中应用酚妥拉明，将轻工全肺循环阻力增加的２７例与重度全肺循环阻力增加的１２例患儿的试验结果进行比较。结果 两组患儿的单一肺动脉压降幅分别为２．３ｋＰａ和２．２ｋｐＡ，Ｐ〉０．０５差异无显著性意义；     

先天性心脏病重度肺动脉高压性质的综合评价

目的探讨先天性心脏病（简称先心病）合并重度肺动脉高压患儿器质性肺动脉高压（简称肺高压）的诊断标准。方法３７例经手术治疗后早期肺动脉压力降至正常的患儿作为动力性肺高压组；７例经手术治疗后仍持续性肺动脉高压及６例临床诊断为器质性肺高压而未予手术的共１３例患儿作为器质性肺高压组，对比两组心导管检查血液动力学指标。结果两组肺血管阻力、肺小动脉楔压、肺循环血流量与体循环血流量之比（Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ）及降主动脉血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）差异均有显著意义，如按年龄大于２岁、肺动脉阻力＞７２ｋＰａ·ｓ－１·Ｌ－１（９Ｗｏｏｄ单位）、肺小动脉楔压≤１．６ｋＰａ（１２ｍｍＨｇ）、Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ＜２和动脉血氧饱和度＜０．９０作为临床诊断器质性肺高压的指标，则本组动力性肺高压组仅有５．４％的患儿符合上述指标３项或３项以上，而器质性肺高压组所有病例均符合上述指标３项或３项以上。结论先心病合并重度肺动脉高压存在上述５项指标中３项或３项以上，高度提示患儿存在器质性肺动脉高压     

长期雾化吸入硝酸甘油对高肺血流大鼠肺动脉压力及肺血管结构重建的影响

目的探讨长期雾化吸入硝酸甘油对高肺血流大鼠肺动脉压力、肺血管结构的作用及其机制。方法24只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、分流组和吸入组。对分流组和吸入组大鼠开腹行腹主动脉-下腔静脉分流术,12周后两组大鼠分别雾化吸入生理盐水和硝酸甘油3周。以右心导管法测定肺动脉压,颈动脉插管测定体循环压,检测右心室肥厚,观测肺血管显微及超微结构变化,用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠肺动脉人类尾加压素Ⅱ(hUⅡ)的表达。结果分流组大鼠肺动脉平均压(PAMP)和右心室/左心室 室间隔重量比值(RV/LV S)明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且分流组大鼠肺小血管肌化程度明显增强(P<0.01),中、小型肺肌型动脉相对厚度(RMT)增加,肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞hUⅡ表达明显增强。吸入组大鼠mSBP未受影响,PAMP明显低于分流组(P<0.01),RV/(LV S)高于对照组(P<0.01),但与分流组比较差异无显著性(P>0.01),吸入组大鼠肺小血管肌化程度明显改善,小型肺肌型动脉RMT及小型肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞hUⅡ减少。结论长期雾化吸入硝酸甘油可缓解高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压和肺血管结构的重建,其对肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞hUⅡ表达的抑制作用,可能参与高肺血流量所致肺血管结构重建和肺动脉高压的调节。     

左向右分流致肺动脉高压对大鼠肺动脉胶原代谢的影响

目的建立左向右分流所致肺动脉高压大鼠模型,了解高肺血流量对肺血管胶原代谢的影响。方法对大鼠行腹主动脉下腔静脉分流术。术后11周以右心导管法测定肺动脉平均压(PAMP),采用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠肺动脉Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的表达。结果分流11周后大鼠肺循环与体循环血流量之比分别为3.3∶1.0,为大量左向右分流。PAMP较对照组明显升高(P<0.01)。分流组大鼠肺中、小型肺动脉中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达与对照组比较明显增加。结论高肺血流量可导致肺动脉高压,并促进肺动脉高压大鼠细胞外基质/胶原的堆积。     

室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压肺血管床功能状态评估指标的研究

目的探讨室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压肺血管床功能状态的评估指标。方法对室间隔缺损合并重度肺动脉高压的患儿，于心导管术中应用酚妥拉明，将轻度全肺循环阻力（ＴＰＲ）增加的２７例与重度全肺循环阻力增加的１２例患儿的试验结果进行比较。结果两组患儿的单一肺动脉压降幅（Ｐｐ降幅）分别为２．３ｋＰａ（１７ｍｍＨｇ，１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）和２．２ｋＰａ，Ｐ＞０．０５，差异无显著意义；而肺动脉压降幅（Ｐｐ降幅）／体循环压降幅（Ｐｓ降幅）的比值，试验前后肺动脉血氧饱和度变化值这二项指标的差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｐｐ降幅／Ｐｓ降幅比值与全肺循环阻力的相关性良好［ｒ＝－０．８９９），Ｙ（ＴＰＲ）＝２６６８－１８９２Ｘ（Ｐｐ降幅／Ｐｓ降幅）］。结论用酚妥拉明作扩血管降压试验时，单一的肺动脉压降幅不能完全反映肺血管床的功能状态；而Ｐｐ降幅／Ｐｓ降幅比值，试验前后肺动脉血氧饱和度变化值这二项指标对室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压患儿的肺血管床功能状态的评估，对手术适应证的选择具有一定指导意义。     

雾化吸入硝酸甘油对高肺血流量大鼠肺动脉压力及肺动脉胶原代谢影响的研究

目的 探讨雾化吸入硝酸甘油对高肺血流大鼠肺动脉压力、肺动脉结构及肺动脉胶原代谢的影响。方法 24只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(n＝11)、分流组(n＝6)和吸入组(n＝7)。对分流组和吸入组大鼠开腹行腹主动脉—下腔静脉分流术。12周后分流组和吸入组大鼠分别雾化吸入生理盐水和硝酸甘油3周。以右心导管测定肺动脉压，颈动脉插管测定体循环压，检测右心室肥厚，用图像分析与处理系统观测肺血管结构变化，用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞胶原蛋白Ⅰ(collagen Ⅰ)及胶原蛋白Ⅲ(collagen Ⅲ)的表达。结果 分流组大鼠肺动脉平均压(PAMP)、右心室体重(RV/BW)和右心室／左心室 空间隔(RV／LV S)明显高于对照组(P＜0．01)，且分流组大鼠中、小型肺肌型动脉相对中膜面积及厚度增加，肺动脉平滑肌细胞collagen Ⅰ、Ⅲ蛋白表达增加。吸入组大鼠mSBP未受影响，PAMP明显低于分流组(P＜0.01)，RV/BW和RV／(LV S)与分流组比较无显著差异(P＞0．05)，吸入组大鼠肺血管重建缓解，collagenⅠ、Ⅲ蛋白表达成少。结论 长期雾化吸入硝酸甘油可缓解高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压和肺血管结构重建。     

封堵试验对儿童动脉导管未闭并发重症肺动脉高压性质的判定及介入治疗的意义

目的探讨在动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并重症肺动脉高压(PAH)患儿中,封堵试验对PAH性质的判定及介入治疗的意义。方法 2008年7月至2014年10月南京医科大学附属儿童医院收治5例单纯PDA合并重症PAH患儿,回顾分析其心导管资料、急性肺血管扩张试验前后相关参数,以及封堵试验前后肺动脉收缩压、主动脉收缩压、肺血管阻力指数、主动脉血氧饱和度变化。结果 5例患儿根据心导管检查资料判断,1例PAH性质为动力性PAH,4例PAH性质难以判断;急性肺血管扩张试验判断,4例符合动力性PAH改变,1例不完全符合;封堵试验结果判断,5例均符合动力性PAH改变。5例患儿成功完成介入治疗,术后肺动脉压力进一步下降,远期随访效果良好。结论对于PDA合并重症PAH患儿,封堵试验可对PAH性质作出诊断,如判定为动力性PAH,可同时完成介入治疗,能有效避免心导管检查及急性肺血管扩张试验评价PAH性质的局限性。     

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??Objective??To explore the preventive effect of regular doses of captopril on the pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with ventricular septal defect??VSD?? and its mechanism. Methods??Forty cases of children with VSD in accordance with the inclusive criteria??who were hospitalized in Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital from July 2013 to July 2015 ??were collected and randomly divided into blank control group??n??20??and captopril intervention group??n??20??. Plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were examined by using ELISA??and PASP??the Qp/Qs and right ventricular Tei index were measured by cardiac color Doppler ultrasound at 0 week??1 week??4 weeks??8 weeks??and 12 weeks respectively??side effects in captopril intervention group were also observed. Results??PASP??the Qp/Qs??right ventricular Tei index??plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 level in blank control group were increased over time??the same indexes in captopril intervention group were decreased??the changing trend of two groups had statistically significant difference??all P??0.05??. The indexes were of no difference between the two groups at 0 week??all P??0.05????PASP and right ventricular Tei index in captopril intervention group were lower than blank control group at 1 week??4 weeks??8 weeks??and 12 weeks??all P??0.05????the Qp/Qs plasma??MMP - 9 and TIMP - 1 level in captopril intervention group were lower at 4 weeks??8 weeks??and 12 weeks??all P??0.05??. No side effects were found in captopril intervention group during follow-up. Conclusion??Oral regular doses of captopril in the VSD children undergoing elective surgery may reduce pulmonary vascular remodeling and prevent pulmonary hypertension in order to achieve the best age at surgery??one of the mechanisms might be improving indexes of PASP??right ventricular Tei index and the Qp/Qs by reducing the plasma MMP 9 and TIMP - 1 level.     

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??Abstract??Objective??To investigate the level of serum catecholamine ??CA????including epinephrine??E???? norepinephrine??NE???? dopamine??DA???? and aldosterone??ALD?? in children with left to right shunt congenital heart disease??CHD????and analyze the correlation between the serum CA?? ALD and cardiac function??ventricular volume load?? pulmonary artery pressure and myocardial remodeling. Method??Totally 53 cases of left to right shunt CHD and 20 cases of control group were induded in the study. We measured the content of serum CA and ALD in the control group and CHD group. We applied real-time three- dimensional echocardiogram to measure the left atrium diameter ??LAD???? left ventricular end diastolic inner diameter ??LVEDD???? and cardiac function. Result????1??The level of serum NE and ALD in CHD group was higher than the control group ??P < 0.01??. ??2??The level of serum CA and ALD was higher in heart failure group?? large shunt group and pulmonary artery hypertension group than in non-heart failure group?? small shunt group and non-pulmonary artery hypertension group??P < 0.01??.??3??The left ventricular end diastolic inner diameter index??LVEDDI???? left ventricular end diastolic volume index??LVEDVI?? and left ventricular mass index of heart failure group were larger than those of non-heart failure group??P < 0.01??.??4??There was positive correlation between the serum level of CA and left atrial diameter index ??P < 0.01?? and LVEDDI ??P < 0.01???? LVEDVI ??P < 0.01??. Conclusion??The serum CA and ALD may be regarded as an objective parameter in the early diagnosis of heart failure and pulmonary artery hypertension. There is a positive correlation between the serum CA and myocardial remodeling.     

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??Objective To evaluate the effect of plugging tests in the diagnosis and interventional treatment of pediatric patients with patent duct arteriosus complicated with severe pulmonary hypertension ??PAH??. Methods??All the clinical data of 5 patients of PDA with severe PAH were retrospectively reviewed??including the heart catheterization data??the relevant parameters before and after acute pulmonary vasodilator tests and the changes of Pp??Ps??PVRI??and aortic blood oxygen saturation before and after the plugging tests. Results??Only 1 patient was with dynamic PAH according to heart catheterization test??however??for the other 4 patients it was difficult to judge the property of PAH. Acute pulmonary vasodilator tests were performed in 5 patients and 4 were diagnosed with dynamic PAH. Plugging tests were conducted in 5 patients and all of them were diagnosed with dynamic PAH. All the patients underwent interventional therapy well and the follow-up results were good. Conclusion??For PDA patients with severe PAH??plugging test diagnosis can be made on the properties of the PAH and if the determination is dynamic??the intervention treatment can be completed at the same time. This method can effectively avoid the limitations of cardiac catheterization and acute pulmonary vasodilator testing evaluation of PAH properties.     

不同给药方法对潮气肺功能支气管舒张试验结果的影响观察

目的　探讨影响潮气肺功能支气管舒张试验参数改善的因素,为婴幼儿哮喘的诊断提供参考依据。方法　选择2017年3月至2018年6月就诊于首都儿科研究所哮喘门诊、经临床明确诊断为支气管哮喘且处于急性发作期（喘息发作≤7 d）的71例婴幼儿,将患儿依就诊顺序分为气雾剂组20例及雾化组51例,前者采用定量气雾剂给予支气管舒张剂,后者采用雾化吸入给予支气管舒张剂。2组患儿均进行潮气肺功能支气管舒张试验,比较两种给药方式对支气管舒张试验结果的影响,主要观察参数包括呼吸频率、潮气量、吸气时间、呼气时间、吸呼比、达峰时间比、达峰容积比、呼气峰流量;随后进行组内分析,进一步探讨各参数改善率的影响因素。结果　给药后,气雾剂组患儿呼吸频率显著下降（P＝0.003）,吸气时间显著延长（P＝0.011）;雾化组患儿潮气量、吸气时间、吸呼比、达峰时间比、达峰容积比显著上升（均P＜0.05）。雾化组患儿吸呼比、达峰容积比上升幅度显著高于气雾剂组（均P＜0.05）。气雾剂组内,与气道轻度阻塞患儿比较,气道重度阻塞患儿给药后,吸呼比、达峰时间比、达峰容积比改善显著（均P＜0.05）;雾化组内,气道重度阻塞患儿给药后,以上参数亦明显改善。雾化组不同年龄组间比较,2岁以上患儿达峰时间比、达峰容积比上升幅度显著高于1岁以下患儿（均P＜0.05）。结论　通过潮气肺功能技术进行支气管舒张试验,雾化吸入给药方式的舒张效果优于定量气雾剂;给药后肺功能参数的改善与气道阻塞程度有关,也与患儿年龄有关。     

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??Objective To analyze characteristics of body composition and the relativity on percentage of body fat??PBF????fat mass??FM????lean mass??LM?? with the local and systemic bone mineral density??BMD?? of low weight and obese children aged from 5 to 7 years old. Methods A total of 311 children aged from 5 to 7 years old were divided into three groups according to gender and body mass index??BMI????the low weight group??the control group and the obesity group??who came to Department of Child Healthcare of Shengyang Children’s Hospital for roution physical examination from February 2010 to February 2012 were selected as the subjects of the study. The body composition were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry??DEXA??. Data had been compared between groups and correlation had been analysised among PBF??FM??LM and BMD. Results In obesity group?? the LM??upper limbs??lower limbs and systemic BMD in boys were significantly higher than those in girls??P??0.05??. In control group??girls’s PBF??FM were significantly higher than boys’. LM?? upper limbs?? lower limbs and systemic BMD in girls were lower than those in boys??P??0.05??. In low weight group??when FM was controlled??there was positive correlation between LM and BMD??P??0.01??. When LM was controlled??there was positive correlation among PBF??LM and lower limbs BMD in obesity girls??P??0.05??. When FM was controlled??there was significantly positive correlation between LM and lower limbs BMD??P??0.01??. When FM was controlled??there was positive correlation between LM and lower limbs BMD in obesity boys??P??0.05????When LM was controlled??there was positive correlation among PBF??FM and truncal BMD??P??0.05??. Conclusion The proportion is different from controls in low weight and obese children?? and the contribution to BMD is different. It should not only pay attetion to the change of body weight??but also pay attetion to the changes of PBF??FM??LM in body composition??so as to promote the healthy development of the bone.     

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目的评价呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)监测在哮喘控制治疗中的评估指导作用。方法收集深圳市儿童医院哮喘专科门诊的41例患儿,根据抽签分组,20例进入FeNO组,21例进入对照组。控制治疗中,对照组根据儿童哮喘控制水平分级进行调整;FeNO组在此基础上结合FeNO检测结果进行调整。在10个月治疗后,观察两组之间哮喘症状、短效β受体激动剂使用情况、肺功能结果,吸入激素使用量,从而判断FeNO检测在哮喘控制治疗中的作用。结果 FeNO组使用短效β受体激动剂平均天数为(4.3±3)d,对照组为(3.7±2.8)d;FeNO组总发作次数9次,对照组为11次;第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值%在FeNO组为100.96±7.69,对照组为90.37±12.95;达50%用力肺活量时最大呼气流速(MEF50)占预计值%在FeNO组为95.77±9.32,对照组为87.01±13.84。以上指标比较均为P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。FeNO组平均吸入糖皮质激素量为(290±75)μg,对照组为(225±50)μg(P<0.01)。结论在哮喘控制治疗评估中,加入FeNO浓度检测,对吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)有指导作用,但未能显...     

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??Abstract??Objective??To study the clinical features of hand-foot-mouth disease ??HFMD?? caused by enterovirus 71 ??EV71?? infection. Methods Clinical data of hospitalized children with hand-foot-mouth disease caused by EV71 infection from May 2010 to August 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The difference of clinical manifestation and results of auxiliary examination between intensive HFMD group and serious HFMD group were compared. Results??High fever and nontypical skin rash showed significant difference between intensive group and serious group??P = 0.002??P = 0.000??respectively???? 120 EV71-positived HFMD cases ??99.17%?? showed neurological impairments. The major neurological features included fatigue ??84.30%????frequent vomiting ??65.30%????limb tremble ??60.33%?? and sleep disorders ??53.72%??. The rate of abnormal knee reflex was 52.07% in physical examination. The incidence of vomiting??P = 0.001????unconsciousness ??P = 0.000????abnormal muscular tension??P = 0.000????abnormal heart rate ??P = 0.000????dysarteriotony ??P = 0.000????capillary refill time being more than 3 seconds ??CRT > 3 s?? ??P = 0.000????tachypnea or dyspnea ??P = 0.000?? and pulmonary exudative lesion in chest X-ray ??P = 0.000?? was morefrequent in serious group compared with intensive group??There were 51 cases ??42.15% ?? with a peripheral blood WBC count of more than 12 × 109/L or less than 4×109/L??52 cases ??42.98% ?? with blood glucose level of more than 6 mmol/L and cardiac troponin I elevated in 22 cases ??18.18%??. The above three indexes were significantly different between two groups ??P < 0.000??respectively??. Conclusion??HFMD caused by EV71 infection often shows neurological impairments. High fever??nontypical skin rash??frequent vomiting??unconsciousness??abnormal muscular tension??abnormal heart rate??dysarteriotony??CRT > 3s??tachypnea or dyspnea??and pulmonary exudative lesion are risk factors of serious HFMD. Early identification and correct treatment are the key to the rescue of serious HFMD.     

Two-Dimensional Pulsed Doppler Echocardiographic Technique for Estimating Pulmonary to Systemic Blood Flow Ratio in Children with Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiographic method was evaluated for quantifying the pulmonary (Qp) to systemic (Qs) blood flow ratio. Twenty six patients were studied, 15 with atrial septal defect (ASD) and 11 with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). An apical fourchamber view was used to measure the maximal Doppler flow velocities in the right and left ventricular inflow regions (RVIR and LVIR) and the maximal diameters of the tricuspid and mitral anuli at diastole. The two-dimensional pulsed Doppler pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) estimation involved calculating the area of the Doppler flow velocity signal along the time scale multiplied by the diameter of either the tricuspid or mitral anulus as measured on the apical fourchamber view. In ASD patients, Qp was measured at RVIR and Qs at LVIR. In PDA patients, Qp was calculated at LVIR and Qs at RVIR. Twenty-six healthy children comprised the control group. The areas of the Doppler flow velocity signals along the time scales of RVIR and LVIR were also quantified and the diameters of the tricuspid and mitral anuli were measured. In the control group, the linear correlation of the trans-mitral M(d)*M(a) to trans-tricuspid T(d)*T(a) value was r=0.909, n=26. The correlations between Doppler Qp/Qs ratio estimates and those obtained at cardiac catheterization were r=0.902, n=15 in ASD and r=0.967, n=l l in PDA. These results suggest a clinical application of this Doppler echocardiographic method in the noninvasive estimation of the cardiac shunt in ASD and PDA.     

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??Abstract??Objective??To explore the effects of methylprednisolone ??MP?? of different doses on vascular endothelial growth factor ??VEGF?? of early acute lung injury??ALI????providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment. Methods??Totally 48 cases who met ALI diagnostic criteria from PICU were randomly divided into 3 groups?? group ALI?? group HALI ??treated by high-dose MP???? group LALI ??treated by low-dose MP??. Eight heathy individuals were selected as control group??NC??. Results????1??As compared with group NC?? the serum VEGF and blood lactate were significantly higher??while oxygenation index was significantly lower than in other groups ??P <0.05??. ??2??Contents of serum VEGF?? blood lactate of group HALI and LALI stepped significantly down??but oxygenation index stepped significantly up than group ALI after 24 h??P < 0.05???? ??3??Between group HALI and LALI??the serum VEGF??blood lactate??oxygenation index at 24 h?? 48 h and 72 h had no significant differences??P > 0.05??. ??4??Compared with group ALL?? ARDS??acute respiratory distress syndrome?? patients within 72h were stepped up significantly than group HALI and LALI??P < 0.05????but there were no significant differences between the two groups??P > 0.05??. Conclusion??The expression of VEGF is increased in early ALI?? low-dose MP can inhibit the progression of ALI by inhibiting the expression of serum VEGF.     

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??Objective??To investigate the correlations between plasma monocyte /macrophage chemoattractant protein and related parameters of insulin resisitance in children with simple obesity. Methods??70 children with simple obesity were enrolled as study group??30 healthy children as control group. Body mass index??BMI ??and waist circumference ??WC??were detected as indices of obesity .Plasma levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1????MIP-1??????monocyte chemoattractant protein-1??MCP-1 ??were measured by ELISA.The rate of CD68 positive cells in blood were detected by flow cytometry??FCM???? Plasma levels of insulin ??adiponectin were measured by RIA?? Insulin resisitance index ??InRI?? were caculated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ??HOMA-IR??. The associations between MIP-1????MCP-1 levels and adiponectin and related parameters were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis or partial correlation analysis??Results??The concentration of MIP-1?? and MCP-1 in plasma in children with simple obesity were higher than that in control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups ??P < 0. 05??. The rate of CD68 positive cells in blood of simple obesity had no significant difference between that in control group ??P > 0.05??.The concentration of MIP-1?? and MCP-1 in plasma had positive correlations with BMI and WC and InRI??P < 0. 05??. The concentration of adiponectin in plasma had negetive correlations with BMI and WC and InRI ??P < 0. 05??. The rate of CD68+ cell in blood had no correlation with BMI and WC and InRI??P < 0. 05??.Conclusion??We found that a differential low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity of children .The levels of MIP-1????MCP-1 in blood of obesity were associated with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. The levels of plasma MIP-1????MCP-1??adiponectin may predict the onset of obesity related complications.