星点效应面法对多西他赛他莫昔芬复方脂质体处方的优化

摘要：目的:优化多西他赛他莫昔芬复方脂质体处方。方法:采用单因素试验考察脂药比、大豆磷脂/胆固醇比、枸橼酸他莫昔芬/多西他赛比3个因素对脂质体粒径、ζ电位、分散度指数(PdI)、药物包封率和载药量的影响;采用2因素5水平的星点设计-效应面法,以多西他赛包封率和载药率为评价指标进行处方优化。结果:最优处方为脂药比为19∶1,大豆磷脂/胆固醇比为9∶1,多西他赛的包封率为(82.24±1.41)%,他莫昔芬的包封率为(93.14±2.67)%。结论:优化所得处方为多西他赛他莫昔芬复方脂质体的开发提供了基础保证。     

注射用多西他赛脂质体的制备及其体内外评价

 目的：制备多西他赛脂质体,对其体内外性质进行评价。方法：采用改良薄膜分散法结合冷冻干燥工艺制备多西他赛脂质体冻干粉;用激光粒度仪考察了脂质体的粒径分布和Zeta电位;超滤法测定了包封率;以市售多西他赛注射液为对照,比较体外释放、大鼠骨髓抑制和裸鼠体内肿瘤抑制情况。结果：多西他赛脂质体平均粒径为92 nm,Zeta电位为-52.3 mV,包封率＞95%,24 h累积释放率为84.1%;相同剂量下,多西他赛脂质体比多西他赛注射液的骨髓抑制作用降低,但二者对HT-29移植瘤的抑制作用相同。结论：本实验所制备的多西他赛脂质体包封率较高、稳定性较好;与多西他赛注射液相比,毒性较低,同时具有相同的抗肿瘤效力。      

多西他赛脂质体冻干粉的制备及质量评价

采用薄膜分散法结合冷冻干燥工艺制备多西他赛脂质体冻干品.采用正交试验,以包封率为指标优化处方,并考察了形态、粒径、包封率、体外释放和稳定性.结果表明,按优化处方制得的脂质体冻干品复溶后颗粒呈球形,平均粒径为(167.1±71.2)nm,平均包封率为(85.9±0.6)%;24h累积释放70.3%,释放曲线符合Weibull方程.多西他赛脂质体冻干品4℃放置3个月稳定性良好.     

多西他赛脂质体制备工艺研究

现阶段,研究抗肿瘤药物脂质体制剂项目是国内外新型给药系统的一大热点,本文研究一种具备较好稳定性的多西他赛脂质体的制备方法,并考察其理化性质及体外释放特性。     

水溶性壳聚糖包覆多西他赛纳米脂质体的制备及性能研究

目的:制备羧甲基壳聚糖包衣多西他赛纳米脂质体,并考察其体外释放度。方法:采用薄膜分散法制备多西他赛阳离子脂质体,并用不同浓度的羧甲基壳聚糖包覆阳离子脂质体;用超滤法测定其包封率;用激光电位粒径测定仪分别测定其Zeta电位和粒径大小,并用透射电镜观察其形态;用透析法考察其体外释药性质。结果:所制的羧甲基壳聚糖包覆的脂质体包封率达99.98%;Zeta电位为-12.8 mV,平均粒径为(150±17)nm。结论:本实验制备的羧甲基壳聚糖包衣多西他赛纳米脂质体具有高包封率,粒径大小均匀,体外能显著延缓药物释放的性质。     

纳米制剂中7-表多西他赛的体内外抗肿瘤作用研究

目的:研究7-表多西他赛体内外抗肿瘤活性.方法:建立动物荷瘤模型,以多西他赛为阳性对照,考察7-表多西他赛抗肿瘤活性;通过体外细胞实验,考察7-表多西他赛的毒性.结果:7-表多西他赛在动物实验中,对肿瘤有一定抑制作用,但其抑制作用弱于多西他赛;在体外细胞实验中,7-表多西他赛毒性与多西他赛相当.结论:7-表多西他赛作为多西他赛的主要杂质,毒性与多西他赛相当,抗肿瘤活性弱于多西他赛,为确保多西他赛抗肿瘤活性,应对7-表多西他赛进行含量控制.     

光敏性多西他赛脂质体的制备、处方优化和体外释放度研究

目的：以富勒烯丙二酸衍生物（DMA-C60）-多西他赛为模型药物,构建光敏性脂质体,增强抗肿瘤效果。系统研究脂质体（LP）的制备工艺、理化性质、处方优化和体外释放特性。方法：采用Bingle环加成反应和酯水解反应合成了DMA-C60,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对产物表征定性;采用薄膜法制备DMA-C60-DTX脂质体;超滤离心法测量DTX包封率和载药量;采用激光纳米粒度测定仪测定粒径、粒径分布和Zeta电位;透射电镜测定脂质体外观形态;利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）考察LP中原料药DTX及脂质材料的晶形存在状态;采用透析袋法测量体外释放度并拟合释放模型。结果：采用FT-IR表征定性DMA-C60合成成功。最优处方得到的DMA-C60-DTX-LP,平均粒径约为170 nm,Zeta电位约为-30 mV,DTX包封率（85.76±2.60）%,DMA-C60包封率约为89%;透射电镜观察DMA-C60-DTX-LP呈类球形,粒径大小约为170 nm,分布均匀且与所测粒径大小相符;DSC显示DTX原料药几乎以无定型的状态存在于脂质内核中;DMA-C60的加入并不影响DTX的释放,60 h内累计释放百分数为80%,DTX在LP中体外释放行为可用Ritger-Peppas释放动力学方程进行描述。结论：光敏性多西他赛脂质体载药量和包封率较高、脂质体外观呈类球形,粒径较小且分布均匀,体外释放具有一定的缓释作用。     

不同粒径多西他赛固体脂质纳米粒制剂及其细胞毒活性

目的制备不同粒径的多西他赛(docetaxel,DTX)固体脂质纳米粒,考察多西他赛固体脂质纳米粒理化性质,研究粒径对体外释放行为以及细胞毒作用的影响。方法通过热熔超声法制备不同粒径多西他赛固体脂质纳米粒,观察纳米粒形态,测定其包封率、粒径、Zeta电位。考察粒径因素对固体脂质纳米粒体外释放行为、体外细胞毒性的影响。结果制备的纳米粒均为球形及类球形,3种粒径的多西他赛固体脂质纳米粒平均粒径分别为(83.7±8.4)、(162.7±11.9)、(232.1±26.4)nm;Zeta电位分别为-24.19、-23.67、-23.19 mV;包封率分别为98.03%、97.84%、97.92%。60 h粒径分别为83、16、232 nm的多西他赛固体脂质纳米粒在释放介质中分别累计释放86.34%、76.98%、67.14%。3种不同粒径多西他赛固体脂质纳米粒(DTX-SLN-83,DTX-SLN-162,DTX-SLN-232),多西他赛原料药(DTX solutions)以及空白SLN溶液与多西他赛的混合溶液(physi-calm ixture)对MCF-7细胞作用24 h的IC50值分别为3.36、6.20、9.74、13.15、12.92 mg.L-1;48 h的IC50值分别为0.93、2.01、4.35、9.48、9.21 mg.L-1;72 h的IC50值分别为0.30、0.91、1.67、7.36、7.82 mg.L-1。随着多西他赛固体脂质纳米粒粒径的减小,其肿瘤细胞杀伤力逐渐增强。结论热熔超声法可用于制备不同粒径多西他赛固体脂质纳米粒。降低固体脂质纳米粒粒径有利于药物更完全地释放,同时增强其对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力。     

注射用多西他赛致溶血反应的实验研究

目的探讨注射用多西他赛引起急性溶血反应的机制。方法采用紫外分光光度法对市售制剂进行体外溶血作用的测定。结果多西他赛注射液各浓度条件均存在不同程度的溶血情况,其溶血程度与药物浓度呈剂量依赖性,与空白辅料组相比其溶血作用无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论注射用多西他赛引起急性溶血反应与其制剂中使用的高浓度吐温80直接相关。     

精氨酸水溶液复溶的多西他赛聚合物胶束的体外药效学及体内分布

目的：考察精氨酸复溶的多西他赛胶束的体外药效及体内分布情况。方法：用CCK-8法考察多西他赛胶束和多西他赛注射液对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用。以荧光染料DIR标记多西他赛聚合物胶束,通过活体成像系统比较精氨酸水溶液复溶组,生理盐水复溶组和多西他赛注射液组的荧光分布。结果：多西他赛胶束组IC₅₀值明显比多西他赛注射液组高。精氨酸复溶的多西他赛胶束组肿瘤部位荧光强度比生理盐水复溶组和多西他赛注射液组都强。结论：精氨酸复溶的多西他赛胶束肿瘤靶向性更强且在肿瘤部位的停留时间更长,但其体外抗肿瘤活性有待提高。     

Effect of surface ligand density on cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetic profile of docetaxel loaded liposomes

Various biotin-modified liposomes incorporated with docetaxel (DTX) were prepared to study the effect of surface biotin density on the pharmacokinetic profile of the liposome. Four types of liposomes such as PEG modified liposome (PDL), 0.5% (mol) biotin modified liposome (0.5BDL), 1% (mol) biotin modified liposome (1BDL) and 2% (mol) biotin modified liposome (2BDL) were prepared using thin film dispersion method. The prepared liposomes were characterized by measuring encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, Zeta-potential, physical stability and drug release profiles in vitro. MTT assay was performed to elevate the cytotoxicity of liposomes on MCF-7 cells. In vivo evaluation was further performed to investigate the effect of biotin surface density on the pharmacokinetic profiles. All the prepared liposomes exhibited high encapsulation efficiency, small particle size, narrow particle distribution and sustained release profiles in vitro. In MTT assay, 0.5BDL showed largest tumor cell toxicity, compared with DTX solution. All liposomes containing DTX showed prolonged blood circulation in vivo, and 0.5BDL showed the longest circulation time among the biotin modified liposome. Surface modification of liposome had a negative impact on the circulation of liposomes in the blood, which needs to be considered when designing the ligand mediated targeting delivery systems. A proper amount of biotin liposome with 0.5% molar ratio is expected to produce the best anti-tumor effect.     

抗癌复方硫酸长春新碱脂质体的体外释药特性及小鼠体内的组织分布

目的研究复方硫酸长春新碱脂质体的制备方法并考察其体外释放规律以及在小鼠体内的组织分布。方法采用pH梯度法合并逆相蒸发制备同时包载硫酸长春新碱(VCR)和盐酸米托蒽醌(MTO)的复方脂质体，实验考察脂质体的体外释药特性；采用反相高效液相法测定小鼠组织中的VCR和MTO浓度。结果体外释放结果表明，复方脂质体中VCR在24 h释放完全，对照溶液中VCR在6 h释放完全，脂质体中MTO在288 h仅释放了0.05%，对照溶液中MTO在12 h释放完全；体内药动学结果表明复方脂质体在血浆中VCR的AUC是对照溶液的1.70倍，T_1/2(Ke)为对照溶液的1.14倍；MTO的AUC是对照溶液的40.62倍，T_1/2(Ke)为对照溶液的432倍。结论 与对照液比较，体外释放实验证实复方脂质体具有缓释特性，体内实验结果表明复方脂质体可延长药物在血液中的循环时间并且提高了药物在血液中浓度，改善了原药的体内分布特性。     

Preparation,Characterization, and Pharmacodynamics of Thermosensitive Liposomes Containing Docetaxel

A novel thermosensitive liposome (TL) containing docetaxel (DTX) was designed to enhance DTX-targeted delivery and antitumor effect. TL loading DTX (DTX-TL) were prepared by thin film hydration. The mean particle size of the liposomes was about 100 nm, and the drug entrapment efficiency was more than 95%. The phase transition temperature of liposomes was about 42°C. In vitro drug release showed that drug released at 37°C was obviously less than that at 42°C. For in vivo experiments, the human breast tumor model was established by subcutaneous xenotransplantation on nude mice; liposomes and injection containing DTX were injected i.v. in nude mice, followed by exposure of the tumors to hyperthermia (HT) for 30 min after administration. The tumor inhibition ratio of DTX-TL group was significantly higher than the normal injection group. Combining TL with HT enhanced the delivery of DTX and thereby its antitumor effects. The liposomes reported in this paper could potentially produce viable clinical strategies for improved targeting and delivery of DTX for the treatment of breast cancer.     

溴吡斯的明阳离子脂质体体外释放和大鼠离体肠吸收

目的:制备溴吡斯的明脂质体,考察其体外释药性质及各肠段的吸收情况。方法:采用逆向蒸发法制备溴吡斯的明阳离子脂质体;透析法测定阳离子脂质体体外释放情况;并采用外翻肠囊法考察脂质体肠道吸收行为。结果:阳离子脂质体72 h累积释放(97.2±3.3)%;能增加药物在各肠段的吸收量,各肠段表观渗透系数(Papp)增加。结论:制备的阳离子脂质体具有一定的缓释效果;阳离子脂质体能够增加药物渗透性。     

脂质体包裹的反义寡核苷酸逆转耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的研究

目的：用人工合成磷脂二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱（dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine，DPPC），二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰甘油（dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol，DMPG）制备反义寡核苷酸阴离子脂质体并研究脂质体包裹的抑制耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus，MRSA）耐药基因表达信号传导通路中BlaRlmRNA表达的反义寡核苷酸（antisense phosphothioate oligodeoxynucleotides，AS-ODNs）对MRSA耐药性的影响。方法：设计合成AS-ODNs；薄膜分散冻干法制备其脂质体；透射电镜观察脂质体的形态；离心纯化脂质体并用紫外分光光度计测定包封率、渗漏率；振荡法检测体外释放度；平板克隆形成实验计数菌落数CFU；微量法测定细菌生长曲线。结果：反义寡核苷酸阴离子脂质体大小均匀，为圆球体，包封率为77．38％，冷冻条件下保存1月后渗漏率为0．18％，体外释放度实验表明24h后约60％的药物从脂质体中释放，反义寡核苷酸脂质体可显著抑制MRSA生长，脂质体包裹的不同剂量的AS-ODNs中MRSA的菌落形成单位（CFU）与空白对照组比较明显减少，具有剂量依赖性，且效果明显优于未被脂质体包裹的AS-ODNs。结论：采用薄膜分散冻干法制备反义寡核苷酸阴离子脂质体，包封率较高，质量稳定，反义寡核苷酸脂质体能逆转MRSA的耐药性，效果明显优于单用AS-ODNs，可作为反义寡核苷酸进入细菌的载体。     

5-Fluorouracil in topical liposome gels for anticancer treatment--formulation and evaluation

Liposome gels bearing an antineoplastic agent, 5-fluorouracil, intended for topical application have been prepared and drug release properties in vitro have been evaluated. Different formulations of liposomes were prepared by the film hydration method by varying the lipid phase composition (PL 90H/cholesterol mass ratio) and hydration conditions of dry lipid film (drug/aqueous phase mass ratio). Topical liposome gels were prepared by incorporation of lyophilized liposomes into a structured vehicle (1%, m/m, chitosan gel base). Also, hydrogels containing different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil were prepared and drug release properties were investigated. The rate of drug release from liposome gels was found to be dependent on the bilayer composition and the dry lipid film hydration conditions. Also, liposomes embedded into a structured vehicle of chitosan showed significantly slower release than hydrogels. The drug release obeyed the Higuchi diffusion model, while liposomes acted as reservoir systems for continuous delivery of the encapsulated drug.     

主动载药法制备硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体及其质量评价

目的制备硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体,建立含量和包封率的测定方法,初步考察其体外释放规律。方法采用pH梯度法制备硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体,超滤法分离脂质体与游离药物,RP-HPLC测定脂质体的含量和包封率,透析法考察脂质体的体外释放行为。结果超滤法能很好地将脂质体与游离药物分离,测定硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体的含量为10.27mg/ml,包封率为47.8%,脂质体的体外释放规律符合一级动力学过程。结论pH梯度法适于制备硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体,超滤法可用于硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体包封率的测定,制备的脂质体具有一定的缓释效果。     

两种主动载药的伊立替康脂质体释药行为的对比考察

目的：建立体外释放测定方法,考察两种方法制备的盐酸伊立替康脂质体的体外释药特性。方法：以含有铵离子的PBS作为释放介质,采用微柱离心法分离样品,考察以蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙胺梯度法和硫酸铵梯度法制备的伊立替康脂质体的体外释放。结果：两种方法制备的载药脂质体在PBS中24 h释放度分别为43.3%、89.8%。结论：两种伊立替康脂质体的体外释放行为存在明显差异,以蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙胺梯度法制备的伊立替康脂质体改善了药物的滞留。     

Preparation of the thienopyridine derivatives loaded liposomes and study on the effect of compound-lipid interaction on release behavior

The article describes characterization of two liposome formulations containing thienopyridine derivatives, namely TP-58 and TP-67. By preparing the liposomes, the concentration of the two compounds in ultrapure water was increased up to three orders of magnitude. After i.v. administration of the liposomes in rats, the initial compound plasma concentrations were enhanced more than fifty times relative to that after i.g. administration of the compound suspensions. It was found out that the release rate of TP-67 from the liposome both in vitro and in vivo was not significantly different from that of TP-58. TP-58 was more lipophilic than TP-67 according to partition coefficiency, and TP-67 had greater polarity than TP-58 based on polar surface area (PSA). With DSC, it was found out that the interaction magnitude between TP-67 and the lipid bilayer was not significantly different from that between TP-58 and the lipid bilayer, which accounted for the similarity of the two compounds in release rate both in vitro and in vivo. It indicated liposome can be used as a potential carrier for broading the application of TP-58 and TP-67. Interaction between the thienopyridine derivatives and the lipid bilayer is probably the decisive factor for compound release from the liposomes.     

西罗莫司脂质体的体外释放研究

目的:研究西罗莫司脂质体的体外释放特性。方法:建立反相高效液相色谱法测定西罗莫司含量;采用反透析法,以500mL 20%乙醇为释放介质,考察24 h不同时间西罗莫司脂质体的体外累积释放率,利用药物释放模型方程拟合释放曲线。结果:西罗莫司检测浓度的线性范围为0.5～20 μg.mL~(-1)(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为99.42%,RSD=1.23%;脂质体前4 h的释药速率快,累积释放率为50%,之后释药相对缓慢,24 h的累积释放率为80%,释放曲线符合一级动力学方程。结论:西罗莫司脂质体具有一定缓释效应,其体外释放属于浓度依赖型渗透释药。