病理性室性心动过速射频消融术疗效观察

目的:观察射频消融心肌梗死后相关的病理性室性心动过(室速)的成功率,探讨应用植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)的必要性。方法:纳入2017年3月至2018年9月108例有心肌梗死病史的病理性室速患者,其中男性75例,女性33例,入院后行射频消融术。结果:108例均行射频消融治疗,仅有12例成功消融病理灶,且未发生明显的并发症;96例经射频消融术后仍复发室速,之后择期行ICD植入术。结论:病理性室速直接射频消融的成功率较低,应首选ICD治疗。     

经静脉植入心律转复除颤器治疗顽固性室性心动过速一例

植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)目前已成为救治恶性室性心律失常的重要方法．现将我院经静脉植入CPI公司的MINI型ICD治疗1例顽固性室性心动过速(室速)的体会报告如下；     

植入型心律转复除颤器治疗恶性室性心律失常的疗效评价

目的评价单中心40例植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)治疗恶性室性心律失常的疗效及安全性。方法40例恶性室性心律失常包括室性心动过速(室速)或心室颤动(室颤)患者接受ICD治疗,男性35例,女性5例,平均年龄(49±15)岁,成功随访35例,应用体外程控仪获得ICD储存资料并结合临床随访资料进行分析。结果40例患者均成功植入ICD;35例患者平均随访25个月,其中26例患者共记录室速和室颤事件763阵,ICD成功除颤224阵(成功率99．1％),抗心动过速起搏1次成功终止室速375阵(成功率71．8％),低能量同步转复22阵(成功率100％);2例患者因窦性心动过速和心房颤动伴快速心室反应发生误放电4次。术后大多数患者联合应用抗心律失常药物。至随访期末,死亡4例,3例死于顽固性心力衰竭,1例死于肺栓塞。结论ICD联合应用抗心律失常药物能有效治疗恶性室性心律失常,预防心脏性猝死。     

经静脉植入心律转复除颤器治疗恶性室性心动过速一例

报道我院1987年～1997年更换心脏起搏器58例次的经验，探讨有关更换起搏器的几个问题。     

植入型心律转复除颤器抗心动过速起搏治疗室性心动过速疗效评价

目的恶性室性心律失常（室性心动过速,心室颤动）是心脏性猝死的主要直接原因.而大部分患者先发生室性心动过速（室速）,继而蜕变为心室颤动（室颤）.研究表明,抗心动过速起搏（ATP）可有效终止室速.本文观察了172例植人植入型心律转复除颤器（ICD）的患者应用ATP终止室速的效果.方法172例植入ICD的患者,男性137例,女性35例,平均年龄52.8岁.103例患者术前有阿-斯综合征发作史,其中75例有电击除颤史.137例术前记录到室速或室颤心电图.植入ICD患者定期随访,随访时应用体外程控仪调出ICD储存记录,分析ICD治疗中ATP治疗室速的效果.结果在平均随访37个月中,ICD共记录室速l 789阵.其中,316阵为短阵室速,在ICD治疗前自行终止;1 473阵室速接受了ICD有效治疗.其中ATP治疗成功981阵（成功率66.6%）,余492阵室速由低能量转复终止.在981阵ATP治疗成功的事件中,ICD第一次发放ATP成功终止室速513阵（成功率52.3%）.结论ICD抗室速起搏功能可有效终止大多数室速,对于植入ICD前有明确室速史的患者,ICD治疗应尽量先采用ATP治疗,以减少ICD放电,延长ICD使用寿命及避免电击时的痛苦,即所谓的＂无痛性ICD治疗＂.     

69例植入型心律转复除颤器治疗患者的随访

目的 对全国50家医院69例植入型心律转复除颤器（implantable cardioverter defibrilla-tor,ICD)的患者通过较长期随访获得的实际经验,以期促进和提高我国ICD的应用水平。方法 资料来自全国50家医院的门诊随访、电话询问或厂家随访,通过常规心电图、动态心电图及ICD程控分析仪调出的资料,对串屠 情况及ICD工作情况进行分析,结果 平均随访2.3年中有30例患者接受成功的ICD治理,占全组患者43.5%,总共发作快速心律失常276次,其中VT236次占85.5%,VF40次占14.5%,VT由ATP终止135次,占57.2%,由CV终止101次,占42.8%,VF经DF（除颤）40次,全部一次成功,2例VT加速转成VF,2例无休止发作VT,电击成功,但瞬间又转为VT,2例服胺碘酮后VT频率减慢（140-100次/min),69例中有6例死亡,其中半数因心力衰竭加重所致,结论 ICD的治疗效果肯定,需加强随访及时修改参数,更准确地识别和治疗快速室性心律失常,同时需注意药物的辅助治疗,积极改善心功能,还应加强对患者的心理教育。     

植入型心律转复除颤器治疗恶性室性心律失常

目的 报道植入型心律转复除颤器治疗恶性室性心律失常５例次临床应用经验。方法 采用经静脉途径为４例恶性室性心律失常患者植入５台植入型心律转复除颤器,并随访３～６４个月。结果 随访期间１例患者发生１次室性心动过速并经低通量电击复律成功和１次误放电,余患者经抗心律失常药物治疗无症状发作。结论 植入型心律转复除颤器有效地治疗恶性室性心律失常,预防心脏性猝死的发生,适当的抗心律失常药物可减少植入型心律转复除     

植入型心律转复除颤器误识别一例

患者男性,48岁。因心肌炎后遗症、室性早搏(室早)、呈R波在T波上(RonT)致尖端扭转性室性心动过速(室速),伴晕厥。长期服用胺碘酮疗效不佳。于1999年3月31日植入美国Medtronic公司Jewel7221植入型心律转复除颤器(implantablecardioverterdefibrillator,ICD),手术经过及术后恢复顺利。　　术后第14d,患者因奔跑上楼,感到ICD连续放电,立即心电监测为窦性心动过速,频率为160次/min左右,给予毛花甙丙及安定治疗,心率逐渐下降,血压趋于稳定。　　用程控仪询问打印出ICD的工作参数,原先设置是:心室颤动(ventricularfibrillation,VF)识别间期…     

抗心律失常药物与植入型除颤器对致命性室性心律失常复苏患者治疗比较

心室颤动或有症状的持续性室性心动过速幸存者有心律失常复发的高度危险性，而这些心律失常往往是致命的。通常采用的防止致命性心律失常复发的方法为植入型心律转复除颤器和不同种的抗心律失常药物治疗，植入型心律转复除颤器抑或抗心律失常药物治疗更有效地降低死亡率．尚不清楚。     

心律转复除颤器对室性心律失常的疗效评价

目的 评价80例植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)的临床应用效果,分析植入ICD患者室性心律失常的发作情况以及ICD治疗恶性室性心律失常的疗效.方法 对本院1996年8月至2008年1月来本院就诊定期随访、资料完整的植入了ICD患者进行回顾性临床分析.结果 80例植入了ICD患者(其中11例为二次更换ICD),其中65例(81.25%)为各种器质性心脏病,以冠心病最为常见.随访4～62(26.96±18.97)个月中,72例患者(90%)发生室性心动过速和/或心室颤动,并成功接受ICD治疗,共发生心律失常事件1243次,启动治疗程序1854次,包括抗心动过速起搏成功治疗室速712次,低能量复律和高能量除颤转复治疗共266次.误识别治疗147次.68次心律失常事件在ICD启动治疗程序中自行终止,ICD未继续实施治疗.随访期间共有3例(3.75%)患者死亡.结论 ICD能够有效地治疗室性心律失常.植入术后需要密切随访,根据情况及时调整工作参数.     

Delayed detection of ventricular tachycardia due to intradevice interactions by implantable atrio-ventricular pacer/cardioverter defibrillator

Current generations of implantable cardioverter defibrillators are capable of providing sophisticated dual chamber atrioventricular and rate-responsive pacing therapies, and even cardiac resynchronization therapy. Appropriate programming of the devices is necessary for them to perform all such sophisticated tasks. In this report, we describe a case where detection of ventricular tachycardia was delayed due to intradevice interactions between the pacemaker and defibrillator components of the device.     

努力降低中国恶性室性心律失常的死亡率

室性心律失常包括室性早搏（室早）、室性心动过速（室速）、心室扑动（室扑）和心室颤动（室颤）。室早和室速是常见的心律失常,可出现在心脏结构正常者,更易发生于器质性心脏病患者。2005年世界卫生组织公布的资料表明,全球死于心脑血管疾病的1700万人群中,心脏性猝死（sudden cardiacdeath,SCD）占40％-50％。室速、室扑和室颤都属于恶性心律失常。临床研究证实,恶性心律失常是导致SCD的最主要原因,为65％-85％。     

QT间期离散度预测冠心病室性心动过速的临床意义分析

目的　探讨冠心病患者QT间期离散度 (QTD)值在预测持续性室性心动过速 (室速 )发生方面的临床意义。方法　以程序刺激法诱发室速 ,比较室速诱发成功组 (室速组 )和室速诱发未成功组 (非室速组 )体表心电图QTD值的改变并与心室晚电位 (VLP)检测结果作比较。结果　室速组QTD明显大于非室速组 [(76± 34)ms和 (49± 2 3)ms,P <0 0 1];QTD≥ 70ms预测室速的敏感性及阴性预测值明显高于VLP阳性 (6 6 7%和 5 0 0 % ,P <0 0 1;72 7%和 6 4 7% ,P <0 0 5 ) ,特异性及阳性预测值和VLP阳性相似 (91 4 %和 94 3% ,P >0 0 5 ;88 9%和 90 0 % ,P >0 0 5 ) ;如将QTD≥ 70ms和VLP阳性结合起来考虑则可获得较单一指标满意的预测价值。结论　QTD≥ 70ms可作为预测冠心病患者室速发生的一项简便可靠的指标     

Multiple episodes of ventricular tachycardia induced by silent coronary vasospasm

We present a 46-year-old patient who suffered from cardiac arrest and subsequently underwent placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The patient underwent a cardiac catheterization which revealed no significant coronary artery disease. About 1 year later he experienced appropriated and frequent ICD discharges due to monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with left bundle branch block morphology. His prodromal symptoms were mild dizziness and lightheadedness with no chest pain. Amiodarone, mexiletine, sotalol and dofetilide as well as ablation of two inducible ventricular tachycardias in the electrophysiology studies were unsuccessful in controlling the arrhythmias and ICD discharges. During the last episode, he experienced a mild burning sensation in his chest and was given nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingually, which relived his symptoms and aborted the VT. This led to a second cardiac catheterization to investigate whether the VT was being induced by myocardial ischemia. This second coronary angiogram spontaneously revealed significant coronary vasospasm and simultaneously, the patient’s cardiac rhythm showed short runs of VT with left bundle branch block morphology. Intracoronary nitroglycerine relieved the coronary vasospasm and terminated the arrhythmia. The patient was treated with isosorbide mononitrate and diltiazem. He remained symptom free with no ICD discharges and no VT in ICD interrogations for more than 2 years. Coronary vasospasm may be silent and with no chest pain which creates a difficult clinical situation particularly if it is associated with ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death. The mechanisms of VT in the setting of coronary vasospasm are not known and increased automaticity, focal discharges, functional unidirectional block with reentry, or a combination of these mechanisms may contribute to inducing the VT during the transient ischemia or rarely in the reperfusion phase. It is important to perform provocative tests to diagnose silent coronary vasospasm in unexplained sudden cardiac arrests.     

Evaluation of morphology discrimination for ventricular tachycardia diagnosis in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

BACKGROUND: To reduce inappropriate therapy from implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), electrogram morphology discrimination has been developed to improve arrhythmia discrimination without compromising device safety. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the morphology discrimination algorithm for detecting ventricular tachycardia (VT). METHODS: Stored electrograms of 795 tachyarrhythmias from 106 patients with a St. Jude Medical ICD (51 single-chamber and 55 dual-chamber) were analyzed by the investigators. The data were analyzed for morphology discrimination alone, sudden onset and stability, and morphology discrimination in combination with sudden onset and stability. Data were corrected for multiple episodes within a patient with the generalized estimating equation method. RESULTS: Using the nominal template match of 60%, morphology discrimination alone provided sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 95% for single-chamber ICDs and 63% and 92% for dual-chamber ICDs, respectively. Based on the receiver operator characteristic curve, the optimal-match percent threshold was 80% to 85% but at the expense of specificity. Morphology discrimination combined with sudden onset and stability increased sensitivity to 98% with specificity of 86% in single-chamber devices. In dual-chamber devices, the loss in sensitivity is compensated by rate branch analysis, yielding a sensitivity of 98%. CONCLUSION: Arrhythmia discrimination based on electrogram morphology has the potential to reject atrial tachyarrhythmias. However, there is a risk for underdetection of ventricular tachyarrhythmias if arrhythmia discrimination is primarily based on morphology. To guarantee patient safety in single-chamber devices, the morphology discrimination algorithm must be programmed in combination with established detection algorithms. In dual-chamber devices, loss of sensitivity is compensated by the V > A rate branch.     

Alternans during fascicular ventricular tachycardia due to digitalis toxicity

This report describes a digitalis-induced regular fascicular ventricular tachycardia characterized by marked QRS alternans a manifestation not usually associated with this arrhythmia. The striking alternation of QRS configuration suggested alternating ventricular activation from either a single focus with two exits in distal branches of the left anterior fascicle or 2 different foci localized in the Purkinje-myocardial network of the left anterior fascicle.     

The incidence and morphology of ischaemic ventricular tachycardia

Ventricular arrhythmias are a frequent cause of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. The incidence and relationship of ventricular tachycardia to periods of myocardial ischaemia in these patients has not been fully investigated. Ambulatory ST-segment monitoring was performed in 100 consecutive patients with chest pain, of whom 74 had significant coronary artery disease. Recordings were analysed for ST-segment changes and episodes of ventricular tachycardia (greater than 3 beats, rate greater than 100 beats min-1). None of the 26 patients with normal coronary arteries, one of the 22 patients (4.5%) with single vessel disease, one of the 22 patients (4.5%) with double vessel disease and four of the 30 patients (13%) with triple vessel disease, had episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Four of these six patients had episodes of reversible ST-segment change but ventricular tachycardia was related to these episodes in only two patients. These two patients had multiple episodes of tachycardia which occurred after the onset of ST-segment change and terminated before the ST-segment returned to baseline; they occurred in clusters with a mean of 12 episodes in each cluster. ST-segment change did not follow episodes of ventricular tachycardia in any patient. The number of ventricular complexes in each episode varied between three and 24 beats and were uniform in three of the six patients. The mean heart rate before the onset of tachycardia was 79 +/- 8 beats per minute and the rate of tachycardia had a mean of 170 +/- 34 beats a minute. Less than 10% of the episodes had a prematurity index of less than 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)