先天性外耳道狭窄伴外耳道或中耳乳突胆脂瘤的手术治疗

目的 :探讨先天性外耳道狭窄及伴中耳畸形外耳道、中耳乳突胆脂瘤病人的手术治疗方法。方法 :31例病人中 9例为单纯先天性外耳道狭窄伴发外耳道胆脂瘤 ,进行外耳道胆脂瘤根治术 ,并行外耳道成形术 ,其中 7例行外耳道成形 +鼓室成形术 ;2 2例为先天性外耳道狭窄伴发中耳畸形和中耳乳突胆脂瘤 ,在根治胆脂瘤的同时 ,行外耳道成形术 ,其中 13例进行鼓室成形术 ,随访 3个月到 1年。结果 :7例外耳道成形 +鼓室成形术者 ,成功率为 85 .7% (6 / 7) ;13例进行乳突根治术 +鼓室成形术者 ,成功率为 76 .9% (10 / 13)。凡鼓室成形术成功者听力均提高 15 d BHL(语言频率 5 0 0～2 0 0 0 Hz)以上。结论 :先天性外耳道狭窄伴发外耳道胆脂瘤或中耳胆脂瘤病人 ,在彻底清除胆脂瘤的基础上进行鼓室成形术 ,可以提高病人的听力 ;术中发现中耳畸形常有面神经遮盖卵圆窗或无卵圆窗者 ,对该类病人应在控制感染后再行前庭或半规管开窗术     

First branchial cleft sinus presenting with cholesteatoma and external auditory canal atresia

First branchial cleft abnormalities are rare. They may involve the external auditory canal and middle ear. We describe a 6-year-old girl with congenital external auditory canal atresia, microtia, and cholesteatoma of mastoid and middle ear in addition to the first branchial cleft abnormalities. Clinical features of the patient are briefly described and the embryological relationship between first branchial cleft anomaly and external auditory canal atresia is discussed. The surgical management of these lesions may be performed, both the complete excision of the sinus and reconstructive otologic surgery.     

伴皮肤窦道的先天性外耳道狭窄及胆脂瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨先天性外耳道狭窄合并胆脂瘤的临床特征,提高其诊治率.方法 回顾性分析2003年3月至2006年6月间收治的伴有窦道形成的先天性外耳道狭窄合并胆脂瘤患者的临床资料,共10例(10耳).结果 10耳均有耳后皮肤破溃流脓史,外耳道口直径约2 mm,颞骨CT显示10耳均有外耳道区域骨质吸收缺损,致骨性耳道增宽,增宽的外耳道内被软组织密度影填充.术中见10耳之外耳道内均充满胆脂瘤,且伴有耳道后上壁及下壁骨质压迫吸收.10耳均行外耳道成形术,其中8耳同时行听力重建术.术后病理报告均为胆脂瘤组织,未见腮裂囊肿及瘘管组织.10耳术后外耳道均通畅,行听力重建术的8耳,听力改善(听力级)20～35 dB.随访1～3年,未见胆脂瘤复发.结论 先天性外耳道狭窄伴发胆脂瘤者,其外耳道骨壁极易受累及,从而出现外耳道骨壁缺损及耳后或颈部窦道形成,颞骨CT检查可发现外耳道骨壁缺损及胆脂瘤密度影.     

Surgical treatment of external auditory canal cholesteatoma

The authors present a series of 12 ears in 10 patients ranging from 18 to 72 years old with external auditory canal cholesteatomas (EACC) seen over an 8 year period. Males and females were equally involved. The left ear was involved 3 times as frequently as the right. No association with sinus or bronchial diseases was seen. Two cases were examined, 3′i and 7 years before the development of any external auditory canal symptoms, and were normal. Two cases of bilateral involvement by EACC were reported. The clinical findings of EACC in this series are discussed. The authors describe a method of surgical treatment used in 12 ears with an average 3 year follow-up and excellent results. The technique involves the excision of the involved skin and periosteum followed by bone debridement. Fascia was used when 1. a large amount of skin had been removed, 2. mastoid air cells were exposed, 3. a soft tissue graft was used to fill a bony defect, or 4. when a portion of the tympanic membrane was sacrificed or its continuity interrupted.     

Spontaneous cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal

Spontaneous cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal is a rare disease which may also be under diagnosed. Few cases have been reported even in major otology centers. Possible theories as to the aetiology are based on observation of these few cases. The correct diagnosis allows the proper treatment avoiding the progression of the cholesteatoma and further hearing loss or other complications. The authors review five cases and discuss the possibility that it is the anatomic structure of the bony external auditory canal bone that might contribute to the etiopathogenesis of these cholesteatomas.     

Congenital primary cholesteatoma of external auditory canal

A 2-year-old female child is reported with congenital cholesteatoma of the right external auditory canal. We describe the clinical features, computed tomography finding and surgical treatment. Congenital cholesteatomas can occur within the temporal bone. Congenital cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal is rare. Generally, it appears in the canal floor. Treatment consists of the resolution of granulation and removal of debris.     

Classification of the external auditory canal cholesteatoma

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) is a rare disease in the field of otolaryngology. Only 1 in 1,000 new otologic patients present with this entity, which was first described by Toynbee. The aim of this article is to classify EACC by different histopathologic and clinical findings of patients presenting to the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Mannheim, Germany. METHODS: From 2000 to 2004, 17 patients presented to our clinic with EACC. The cholesteatoma were treated surgically, and the specimens were investigated histologically. Clinical findings were also recorded. We classified four stages: stage I with hyperplasia of the canal epithelium, stage II including periosteitis, Stage III including a defective bony canal, and stage IV showing an erosion of adjacent anatomic structure. RESULTS: Eight patients presented with stage II, five patients with stage III, three with stage I, and only one patient presented with erosion of the mastoid cells, which was determined as stage IV. CONCLUSION: In summary, our classification serves to describe the different histopathologic and clinical stages of EACC.     

Post-traumatic cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal

Post-traumatic cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal is a rare condition which is not mentioned in any of the American or British otological reference works. Three cases are described, and the pathogenesis, management, and medico-legal implications discussed.     

Morphological characteristics of external auditory canal in congenital aural stenosis patients

ObjectiveTo investigate characteristics of congenital aural stenosis (CAS) patients' external auditory canal (EAC) (position, length, orientation, etc.) and compare them with normal EAC.

Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma

Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) have previously been considered to represent the same disease process. However, review of the literature and our cases reveal these to be two different clinical and pathological processes. Keratosis obturans presents as hearing loss and usually acute, severe pain secondary to the accumulation of large plugs of desquamated keratin in the ear canal. External auditory canal cholesteatoma presents as otorrhea with a chronic, dull pain secondary to an invasion of squamous tissue into a localized area of periosteitis in the canal wall. The treatment previously recommended for both of these conditions has been conservative debridement of the external canal and application of topical medication. While this remains the treatment of choice for keratosis obturans, surgery may be required to eradicate EACC.     

易延误诊治的耳外伤后外耳道胆脂瘤

目的探讨耳外伤后外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特点,避免误诊。方法回顾分析11例外伤后外耳道胆脂瘤患者的临床资料,从病史、耳内镜检查、听功能检测、颞骨CT及手术所见等方面总结分析其特征。结果所有患者均有不同程度的头颅外伤史,其中车祸伤致颞骨骨折7例,工地砸伤颞骨骨折3例,狗咬伤1例,均以听力下降为主要症状,伴不同程度的耳闷、耳流脓、耳痛、耳鸣等症状。外伤时间3个月至4年,纯音听阈显示患耳为传导性听力损失,0.5～4 kHz气导平均听阈为（42.10±3.50）dBHL,治疗后3、6、9、12个月,患者纯音听阀评分均低于治疗前,治疗前后进行比较,差异具有统计学意义（P均﹤0.05）;颞骨CT显示,11例患者外耳道均有密度增高影,其中6例上鼓室、鼓窦、乳突区见密度增高影。手术清除病变,通畅引流,11例均治愈。随访3个月至1年,无复发。结论对于外耳道损伤后逐渐有原因不明的听力下降要警惕外耳道胆脂瘤的发生,除脑脊液耳漏外,外耳道裂伤建议碘仿纱条填压并定期追踪观察,防治瘢痕狭窄发生。     

外耳道胆脂瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特征和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1990年1月至2005年1月期间共42例（44耳）外耳道胆脂瘤的临床资料。结果本组因外耳道骨性狭窄所致2耳，骨瘤阻塞所致2耳，其余主要与炎症、耵聍、挖耳损伤等有关。按Holt分期，Ⅰ期7耳．Ⅱ期22耳，Ⅲ期15耳。单纯外耳道胆脂瘤清除术25耳（门诊20耳）中．随访1-5年，外耳道胆脂瘤复发3耳，1耳上鼓室侵犯行改良乳突根治术；9耳伴有外耳道肉芽者，行外耳道肉芽切除术及外耳道胆脂瘤清除术后恢复良好，2耳伴有外耳道狭窄行外耳道成形术；改良乳突根治术5耳．乳突根治术2耳，随访6月～11年，无胆脂瘤复发，1耳术后外耳道口狭窄；先天性外耳道狭窄行外耳道成形术1耳，外耳道骨瘤切除及鼓膜成形术1耳，乳突骨瘤切除并外耳道成形术1耳。结论外耳道胆脂瘤多为自发性．具有破坏性，治疗原则是早期彻底清除胆脂瘤。     

A case of osteoma with cholesteatoma in the external auditory canal

Osteoma in the external auditory canal (EAC) is an uncommon benign lesion, which presents as a solitary, unilateral, and slow-growing pedunculated mass in the outer half of the bony canal. It is usually asymptomatic; but symptoms can arise if a canal obstruction occurs. External canal cholesteatoma is also a rare lesion of the external auditory canal. Cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal may arise via several mechanisms. However, an occlusion or narrowing of the external auditory canal is the basic pathogenesis. The association of an osteoma with a cholesteatoma is extremely rare, and there have been very few reports published. We encountered a rare case of a 49-year-old man with an osteoid osteoma that was complicated by a cholesteatoma in the external auditory canal. The canal wall down mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty successfully removed the osteoma and the cholesteatoma, and no recurrence or complications had occurred in the first 6 months postoperatively.     

耳内镜手术治疗儿童外耳道胆脂瘤的临床观察

1临床资料1.1一般资料2000年1月—2008年2月我科收治儿童原发性外耳道胆脂瘤13例(13耳)。男8例、女5例,年龄5～14岁,病程1～6个月。按照Naim等对外耳道胆脂瘤的临床及病理分期[1],13例患童中有1期9例,2期4例。1.2临床表现13例儿童外耳道胆脂瘤未合并外耳道感染期间几乎无耳部症状,发病时主要临床症状是听力下降、耳鸣及耳闷胀、耳痛、耳液溢。1.3外耳道检查采用耳内镜数字显像及摄影记录,13例胆脂瘤均发生于骨性外耳道,胆脂瘤主体呈团块膨胀性嵌     

外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特征及疗效评估

目的 探讨外耳道胆脂瘤(EACC)的临床特点,并评估其治疗效果。 方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年12月47例(47耳)EACC的临床资料,所有患者术前接受听力学检查,耳内镜及颞骨CT检查。 结果 所有患者外耳道均可见黄白色鳞状或肉芽样物阻塞。耳闷胀感、耳痛及耳流脓是EACC常见症状。CT显示41耳有骨破坏。按Holt分期:47耳中,Ⅰ期6耳,Ⅱ期29耳,Ⅲ期12耳。对Ⅰ期6耳及Ⅱ期5例儿童患者行EACC和/或肉芽去除术;对24例Ⅱ期成人患者联合行胆脂瘤清除及外耳道成形术;12例Ⅲ期患者中,9例行乳突改良根治术和/或鼓室成型术,3例行乳突根治术。所有患者术后2周干耳,3个月内术腔完全上皮化。除3例行乳突根治术的患者术后听力无改善,其余44耳都有不同程度的提高。所有患者术后随访3~24个月,未见EACC复发者。 结论 EACC可被误诊,骨质破坏是其最重要的特征。颞骨CT有助于EACC的分期及制定治疗方案,应根据疾病分期、患者年龄及听力水平选择手术方法。彻底清除胆脂瘤及保持外耳道宽敞是治愈该疾病及预防复发的关键。     

外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特征及治疗

目的　探讨临床各期外耳道胆脂瘤的特征及治疗方法的选择,并评估其疗效。方法　回顾性分析2014年1月～2016年1月,第四军医大学唐都医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,住院治疗66例外耳道胆脂瘤患者临床资料。其中男性32例,女性34例;年龄3～75岁,平均（32.5±1.68）岁,均为单侧耳发病。所有患者术前均行耳内镜检查及纯音测听,并行颞骨高分辨CT检查。根据病变范围按照Holt分期,Ｉ期10耳,Ⅱ期26耳,Ⅲ期30耳。Ｉ期行外耳道胆脂瘤摘除术;Ⅱ期行外耳道胆脂瘤摘除术＋外耳道成形术,如鼓膜被侵及破坏时加行鼓室成形术（Ⅰ型）;Ⅲ期行外耳道胆脂瘤摘除术＋外耳道成形术及鼓室成形术（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型）或乳突根治术。所有患者术后随访6个月～2年。结果　听力下降为本组患者首要症状（61例,92.42%）,其他症状包括耳闷胀感（49例,74.24%）、耳痛（45例,68.18%）、耳漏（44例,66.67%）、周围性面瘫（1例,1.52%）。66例患者中2例分别于术后11个月和14个月复发,其余患者均外耳道通畅,上皮化良好。除行乳突根治术的5例患者外,其余均鼓膜完整,听力不同程度提高。1例周围性面瘫患者,术后6个月面神经功能恢复正常（HB分级Ⅰ级）。结论　外耳道胆脂瘤易破坏外耳道骨质,并侵犯临近结构。根据临床分期选择合适手术方式可获得满意疗效。     

外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特点及手术方式的选择

目的:探讨外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特点、分型及手术方式的选择。方法:回顾性分析59例(60耳)外耳道胆脂瘤患者的临床资料。结果:外耳道胆脂瘤临床表现以听力下降、耳痛、耳漏、耳闷较为多见,病变向周围侵犯还可致面瘫、眩晕及张口受限等,外耳道可见肉芽或团块状组织堵塞。CT可显示外耳道骨壁破坏吸收致外耳道烧瓶状扩张。将本组患者分为:Ⅰ型26耳,行外耳道成形术;Ⅱ型14耳,行外耳道成形术及鼓室成形术;Ⅲ型19耳,行乳突根治术;Ⅳ型1耳,行外耳道成形及颞颌关节囊修补术。术后随访6个月以上均无复发。结论:外耳道胆脂瘤破坏范围不仅局限在外耳道,而且还可侵犯中耳甚至颞骨外结构,术前根据临床表现及颞骨CT来进行不同的分型,从而选择合适的手术方式,是彻底清除外耳道胆脂瘤、提高听力及减少复发的有效方法。