妊娠妇女末梢血无机元素含量分析

目的:了解妊娠妇女体内无机元素的含量水平,指导孕妇合理的补充缺乏元素。方法:对来医院做产前检查的527例孕妇无名指尖采血,用BH-5100智能型火焰原子吸收光谱仪及配套试剂,采用一次进样检测血中五种无机元素的含量并与其他成人比对。结果:孕妇血中铁、锌平均含量分别为451.72μg/mL、7.32μg/mL,与其他成人平均含量比较无明显差别(P>0.05),而铜、钙、镁平均含量分别为0.83μg/mL、70.94μg/mL、38.46μg/mL,明显高于其他成人(P<0.01);孕妇锌、铜、钙元素低标/缺乏者分别为15.9%、4.7%、3.8%,锌、铁、钙、铜元素高标/过量者分别为19.0%、11.0%、1.5%、0.4%。结论:部分孕妇存在某种无机元素低标/缺乏或高标/过量的情况,其中以锌、铁异常的比例最高,孕妇补充微量和常量元素时,不可盲目进补,要依据机体的含量,在医生的指导下进行。     

上海市吴淞工业区道路积尘中无机元素相对浓度和富集因子分析

[目的]了解上海市吴淞工业区及周边地区道路积尘中无机元素的污染状况。[方法]在吴淞地区选择了5个典型路段和1个清洁对照点采集道路积尘,使用等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法分析了铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)等52种无机元素的含量,并进行了富集因子分析。[结果]6个采样点道路积尘中52种无机元素的含量为88804～162693μg/g;富集因子分析结果表明:在蕴藻南路海光冶炼厂附近无机元素污染最为严重。[结论]道路积尘中无机元素含量和富集因子分析结果明显地与采样点位置及周边情况有关;与工业区产业结构状况有关的无机元素被富集或明显地受到人为源影响;6个采样点的52种无机元素有的主要受本底源和外来源的影响,有的主要受局部地区污染源影响,有的兼而有之。     

0～3岁婴幼儿指血6种无机元素含量测定分析

目的:了解婴幼儿体内无机元素的含量状况,有针对性的指导家长合理的给幼儿补充无机元素。方法:选取0~3岁421例健康检查婴幼儿,抽取指血100μl,用BH-5100型火焰原子吸收光谱仪等仪器及配套试剂检测血中无机元素的含量并对结果进行分析。结果:婴幼儿指血铁、铜、锌、锰、钙、镁的平均含量分别为432.86μg/m l、0.80μg/m l、6.02μg/m l、0.07μg/m l、67.24μg/m l、37.40μg/m l;锌、钙、铜元素不足者分别占29.40%、7.60%、7.40%,锌、铁元素过量者分别占5.70%、4.00%;铜元素不足除13.92%2~岁和12.20%3~岁组儿童明显高于0~岁和1~年岁龄组(分别为5.17%和4.72%)外(P<0.05),其他元素的平均含量以及不足和过量的百分人数在不同性别、不同年龄婴幼儿之间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:部分婴幼儿存在锌、钙、铜、铁元素不足或过量的情况,其中以锌的异常人数比例最高;应注意调整婴幼儿的饮食结构,确保维持各种营养素的平衡,合理补充不足的无机元素。     

不同产地白果中微量元素铁 锰含量的测定

目的:建立白果中铁、锰微量元素的测定方法,并对不同产地白果中铁、锰元素的含量进行初步的比较研究。方法:利用浓HNO_3-HCl O_4(4V/1V)混合酸消解样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定江苏、四川及山东三地白果中铁、锰微量元素的含量。结果:三个产地白果中都富含铁元素,锰元素含量较少。不同产地白果中的铁、锰含量不同,江苏、四川、山东白果铁元素含量分别是:60.75μg/g、48.55μg/g、42.60μg/g;锰元素含量分别是:10.60μg/g、8.45μg/g、7.60μg/g,回收率在99.60%~104.30%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.16%~1.08%之间。结论:测定方法准确、灵敏度高,研究结果为白果的应用提供一定的无机元素的量化参考指标。     

孕妇指血6种无机元素含量分析

[目的]了解妊娠妇女体内无机元素的含量水平,指导孕妇合理的补充缺乏元素.[方法]对来医院做产前检查的527例孕妇无名指尖采血,用BH-5100智能型火焰原子吸收光谱仪及配套试剂,采用一次迸样检测血中6种无机元素的含量并与其他成人比对.[结果]孕妇指血中铁、锌、锰平均含量分别为451.72、7.32、0.07μg/ml,与其他成年人平均含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而铜、钙、镁平均含量分别为0.83、70.94、38.46μg/ml,明显高于其他成年人(P<0.01);孕妇锌、铜、钙元素低标/缺乏者分别为15.9%、4.7%、3.8%,锌、铁、钙、铜元素高标/过量者分别为19.0%、11.0%、1.5%、0.4%.[结论]部分孕妇存在某种无机元素低标/缺乏或高标/过量的情况,其中以锌、铁的异常的比例最高,孕妇补充微量和常量元素时,不可盲目进补,要依据机体的含量,在医生的指导下进行.     

白花丹参和紫花丹参微量元素含量分析比较

目的:分析比较白花丹参和紫花丹参微量元素含量。方法:用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪分别测定白花和紫花丹参17种微量元素的含量,对两种丹参微量元素含量进行分析比较。结果:白花丹参铜和硼两种元素的含量几乎是紫花丹参的2倍,钛和锶的含量是紫花丹参的1.3倍左右,钒、锂和钡的含量也略高于紫花丹参;紫花丹参根部铁元素含量高于白花丹参,紫花丹参根部含有一定量的钴元素,而白花丹参钴元素含量低于检测限以下。结论:从微量矿质元素角度分析,两种丹参都具有重要的药用价值,二者部分微量元素含量存在一定差异。     

金华市城区PM2.5的质量浓度及其污染特征分析

目的了解金华市城区PM2.5的质量浓度和主要污染特征。方法在金华市城区设置1个PM2.5采样点,2016年连续监测每月10日-16日PM2.5质量浓度,并对16种多环芳烃、12种有害元素和4种水溶性无机离子进行分析。结果2016年PM2.5日均浓度为50.6μg/m~3,超标率为16.67%,最高超标倍数为1.55倍;16种多环芳烃总和平均含量为8.57 ng/m~3,含量最高为苯并[b]荧蒽(2.56 ng/m~3);12种有害元素总和平均含量为151 ng/m~3,含量最高的为Al(44.5 ng/m~3),最低为Be(0.065 ng/m~3);4种离子总和平均含量为23.3μg/m~3,含量最高的为SO_4~(2-)(9.12μg/m~3),最低为Cl-(1.04μg/m~3);不同季节PM2.5质量浓度以及多环芳烃、有害元素和无机水溶性离子含量差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2016年金华市城区PM2.5污染水平较低,PM2.5质量浓度及其多环芳烃、有害元素和无机水溶性离子含量均存在明显的季节差异,秋冬季较高,夏季最低。     

海螵蛸入药部分和废弃部分8种无机元素分析

目的 :分析海螵蛸中入药部分和废弃部分 8种人体必需无机元素含量 ,为其合理开发利用提供依据。方法 :原子吸收分光光度计火焰法测定。结果 :入药部分和废弃部分钙含量丰富 ,分别达到 742 13mg/ g和65 9 76mg/ g。入药部分铜、铁含量较废弃部分高 ,分别为 9 41μg/ g、91 86μg/g和 2 3 5 μg/ g、2 5 7μg/g。废弃部分含锌丰富 ,为 3 5 3 62 μg/g ,数倍于入药部分 ( 64 65 μg/ g)。结论 :海螵蛸入药部分和废弃部分均具有良好的开发前景     

婴幼儿指血无机元素含量检测分析

[目的]了解婴幼儿体内无机元素的含量状况,有针对性地做好营养指导工作.[方法]对来医院做健康检查的421例0～3岁婴幼儿无名指采血100μl,用BH 5100 Plus型原子吸收光谱仪及其配套试剂,检测血中无机元素的含量并对结果进行分析.[结果]婴幼儿指血钙、镁、铁、铜、锌平均含量分别为67.24μg/ml、37.40μg/ml、432.86μg/ml、0.80μg/ml、6.02μg/ml;锌、钙、铜元素低标者分别为29.40%、7.60%、7.40%,锌、铁元素高标者分别为5.70%、4.00%;除铜元素2～和3～岁年龄组的低标百分人数(分别为13.92%和12.20%)明显高于0～和1～岁年龄组(分别为5.17%和4.72%)外(P＜0.05),其余元素的平均含量以及低标、高标的百分人数在不同性别、不同年龄婴幼儿中的差异无统计学意义(P＞0:05).[结论]部分婴幼儿存在锌、钙、铜、铁元素低标或高标的情况,其中锌元素低标和高标的异常人数比例都最高;应当注意调整婴幼儿的饮食结构,确保维持各种营养素的平衡,合理的补充无机元素尤其是锌元素.     

大枣中无机元素含量的测定

样品消化液中用原子荧光、火焰光度、ICP法测定大枣中24种无机元素的含量，其中15种人体必需的宏、微量元素含量之和为13007ug／g，占所测定元素加和量的99．69％；3种有害微量元素含量极低，远低于致毒允许量。大枣食药两用，我国盛产，值提广为开发利用。     

Gluten-Free Cereals and Pseudocereals as a Potential Source of Exposure to Toxic Elements among Polish Residents

Background: Nutritional food quality plays a crucial role in maintaining human health. However, food and drinking water, along with occupational exposure, are the main routes of exposure to toxic elements for humans. The main aim of this study was to determine the content of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in naturally gluten-free grains and products made from buckwheat, millet, maize, quinoa and oat. The safety of consumption of the products tested was also assessed. Methods: The contents of As, Cd and Pb were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). To measure Hg, an atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS) with the amalgamation technique was applied. To assess the level of consumption of the tested products, an online survey was conducted. To estimate health risk, three indicators were used: the target hazard quotient (THQ), cancer risk (CR) and hazard index (HI). The research material obtained 242 different samples without replications. Results: The highest average content of As, Cd, Pb and Hg were observed for the following groups of products: oat (10.19 µg/kg), buckwheat (48.35 µg/kg), millet (74.52 µg/kg) and buckwheat (1.37 µg/kg), respectively. For six samples, exceedance of established limits was found—three in the case of Cd and three of Pb. Due to the lack of established limits, As and Hg content of the tested products was not compared. Generally, no increased health risks were identified. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, the consumption of gluten-free cereals and pseudocereals available on the Polish market seems to be safe. However, there is a great need to establish maximum levels of the toxic elements, especially As and Hg in cereal products in European legislation.     

白花丹参不同部位微量元素分析比较

目的 :分析比较白花丹参不同部位微量元素的含量。方法 :用原子吸收分光光度法分别测定丹参根、茎、叶中Zn、Cu、Fe等 13种微量元素的含量 ,对不同部位微量元素含量进行比较。结果 :在根、茎、叶中K、Na、Fe、Ca含量均较高 ,Zn、Cu、Mg、Mn、Co、Cr、Ni在不同部位含量相近 ,有害元素Cd、Pb含量较低。结论 :从微量元素角度分析丹参的茎、叶可能具有一定的应用价值     

Mercury and Other Trace Elements in Sediment Cores from Central Texas Lakes

Metals released during fossil fuel use are important atmospheric pollutants. Mercury and other trace metals can be transferred to an aquatic environment through atmospheric deposition. In the work reported here, a number of sediment cores were retrieved from central Texas lakes in the proximity of a coal-fired power plant in search of local anthropogenic effects. Cores were collected along a transient parallel to the prevailing wind direction (S-SE) in the area. Trace element concentrations in the lignite and in effluents from the power plant showed that some elements remained constant (Al, Cu) throughout the different lignite combustion and power production processes. Some (like Cd and Se) showed an affinity for the smaller particles, whereas others (Hg) showed very low concentrations in all the solid wastes, indicating that they probably escaped with the flue gases. Sediment cores from a lake next to the power plant showed higher trace metal concentration in the upper part of the cores (more recent sediment). For example, there was as much as a tenfold increase in Hg concentration between the core bottom (10 ng/g), where the sediment was approximately 100 years old and the surface (100 ng/g). Cd and Se at surface sediments were also found to be as high as 1.6 and 3.45 µg/g, respectively. The excess metal inventory was higher for the lakes located next to the power plant than for two lakes about 30 km away.Received: 6 June 2002/Accepted: 7 November 2002     

野生牛肝菌营养成分分析及对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:对野生牛肝菌进行营养成分分析并观察其对环磷酰胺(CP)损伤免疫系统小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法:①成分分析:用凯氏法测定野生牛肝菌中蛋白质(总氮)含量,用氨基酸分析仪测定野生牛肝菌中的氨基酸含量,用原子吸收光谱法测定野生牛肝菌中各矿物元素含量。②动物试验:实验设野生牛肝菌组9.0mg/(kg.bw)+CP、CP组、正常对照组。灌胃小鼠牛肝菌提取液35 d,CP腹腔注射造成小鼠免疫损伤。观察小鼠胸腺脏器系数、血清溶血素、小鼠足趾DTH、碳粒廓清指数α等指标。结果:野生牛肝菌蛋白质含量为219 g/kg(干品);含17种氨基酸,其中人体8种必需氨基酸的含量5415 mg/100g占总氨基酸含量16863 mg/100g的32%;含有人体必需的矿物元素(P、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca、Mn)。动物免疫试验中血清溶血素(HC50)、小鼠足趾DTH、碳粒廓清指数α明显高于CP组(P<0.01),其中小鼠足趾DTH恢复至正常对照组水平。结论:野生牛肝菌是一种具有较高营养价值的野生食用菌。在本实验条件下,野生牛肝菌对CP所致的免疫损伤小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫、非特异性免疫功能有明显的改善作用。     

From healthy soil to healthy food: an analysis of the quality of food produced under contrasting agricultural systems

Studies under controlled experimental conditions show a clear advantage for staple food grown under biological/ecological farming conditions as compared to those from conventional farming methods. This is especially true for the vegetative parts of plant products, where lower undesirable (e.g. nitrates) and higher desirable (e.g. vit. C, trace elements) components are present. A better storage quality of plant products (e.g. cabbage, carrots) is also frequently the consequence of biological/ecological farming practices. An overall significantly lower level of residues of agrochemicals has been demonstrated in such products. It is increasingly noticeable, that especially in Central Western Europe, consumers are not exclusively interested in "healthier" food for themselves but also in an healthy environment. This is one of the important reasons, why they are interested in buying food from biological/ecological farming systems and why they are prepared to pay higher prices for such products.     

非职业人群尿液中20种无机元素含量ICP-MS分析研究

目的:分析某矿区周围居民、非职业人群尿液中20种无机金属元素含量。方法:尿样经离心取上清液用纯水稀释,以电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)定量分析Be、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Tl、Pb。基体干扰以内标元素进行校正,以标准物质进行质量控制,所得结果进行比重校正。结果:检测方法回收率85%～108%,线性范围0μg/g～100μg/g(r>0.9999),RSD(n=5)<8%,对比分析406份对照尿样与928份调查尿样,结果表明该矿区周围居民、非职业人群体内大部分元素均有不同程度暴露蓄积,其中Be、As、Mo、Cd、Sb、Tl、Pb有毒元素的暴露蓄积更强。结论:该矿区周围居民、非职业人群有毒元素在人体内含量蓄积较其他元素大,ICP-MS检测方法应用于人尿中无机元素调查研究的定量分析,简便、快速、准确。     

离子选择性电极法测定温泉与中药材中痕量氟

目的:测定两处海南温泉水样与巴戟天、槟榔仁、益智仁等24种海口市售中药材中氟元素含量。方法:采用离子选择电极法测定温泉水与中药材中痕量氟。结果:氟元素含量:温泉水Ⅰ13.06 mg/L,温泉水Ⅱ6.44 mg/L,丹参1.10 mg/kg,鸡骨草7.26 mg/kg,苦楝皮5.56 mg/kg,白鲜皮1.29 mg/kg,石斛1.38 mg/kg,半夏0.10 mg/kg,桑叶9.33 mg/kg,槟榔仁,益智仁,槐花,金不换,当归,白芍,巴戟天,胡椒根,益母草,旱莲草,溪黄草,桑白皮,茯苓皮,牡丹皮,红藤,天南星,枇杷叶等17种中药材均未检出氟。结论:所测两处温泉水样均达到氟医疗价值浓度(F-≥1 mg/L);中药材氟元素含量远小于《农业部2003年茶叶行业标准(NY659-2003)》(F-≤200 mg/kg)。     

党参等中药对胃粘膜的快速保护作用

目的 为观察党参、大黄、丹参、疏肝调胃汤等中药对胃粘膜的快速保护作用及中药胃粘膜快速保护作用的普遍性。方法 采用先给大鼠胃饲药物,随后立即胃饲2ml无水乙醇的方法,分别观察党参、大黄、丹参煎剂及疏肝调胃汤对大鼠胃粘膜损伤的影响。结果 （1）预先胃饲党参煎剂10g/kg显著抑制大鼠胃粘膜损伤,损伤抑制率为79．9％;（2）预先胃锔大黄煎剂12g/kg,损伤抑制率为48．1％;（3）预先胃饲丹参煎剂12g/kg,损伤抑制率为61．35％;（4）预先胃饲疏肝调胃汤6g/kg,损伤抑制率为56．84％;预先胃饲疏肝调胃汤12g/kg,损作抑制率为79．79％。结论 党参、大黄、丹参和疏肝调胃汤均对胃粘膜有快速保护作用,在单味中药中党参作用最短,丹参次之,大黄最弱。     

Caffeine and theobromine levels in chocolate couverture and coating products

Thirty-two samples of chocolate products were analysed by HPLC for caffeine and theobromine contents. Defatted residues of samples were extracted with 80% aqueous acetone. After extraction into boiling water, the methylxanthines were identified and quantified with the use of μ-Bondapak column and mobile phase of methanol:water:acetic acid (20:79:1). Levels of caffein and theobromine in 32 samples of chocolate products averaged 0.62-1.14 mg/g and 0.026-0.153 mg/g respectively. Mean values for theobromine and caffeine content for chocolate coating were 0.82 and 0.07 mg/g respectively. The chocolate coating made from fat substitute had theobromine and caffeine levels ranging from 0.36-0.70 mg/g and 0.027-0.061 mg/g respectively, with mean values of 0.49 mg theobromine/g and 0.039 mg caffeine/g. In local chocolate, the mean theobromine and caffeine levels respectively were 0.72 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g in milk chocolate, and 0.85 mg/g and 0.06 mg/g in dark chocolate. Meanwhile, for imported chocolate, the mean theobromine and caffeine levels respectively were 1.05 mg/g and 0.12 mg/g in dark chocolate; 0.76 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g in milk chocolate; and 0.74 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g in white chocolate. Compared with the local chocolates, imported chocolates had higher levels of theobromine and caffeine at 1.141 mg/g and 0.1533mg/g. The average theobromine and caffeine concentrations in local chocolate were 0.082mg/g and 0.066mg/g. Theobromine concentration in chocolate samples is within the range of 0.62mg/g-1.141mg/g and the range of caffeine concentration is 0.026mg/g-0.153mg/g respectively. Bittersweet chocolates were found to have higher theobromine and caffeine concentrations than normal sweet chocolates and milk chocolates.     

Eau du robinet : une exigence de qualité…

French regulation of tap water relies on strict standards warranting its quality. It is presently one of the most controlled alimentary products, from natural resources up to the tap including factory and distribution network. Worm out water is treated before returned to natural milieu in order to protect environment. In France, regulations are edited by Minister of Health accounting for EU and WHO recommendations establishing maximal doses of some substances that one can ingest daily and lifelong without any harm; the maximum tolerable doses are then calculated, usually with a safety margin. Current Public Health regulations include 56 quality parameters: chemical, physical or microbiological. The treatment of water includes mostly physical or biological processes, efficacy of which is severely controlled. In addition of supervision of the different steps of the production by the development companies, steady health controls are performed by the departmental directions of health and social affairs (DDASS). During year 2006, more than 31,000 samples have been performed allowing more than eight millions analysis. Information on the quality of water is mandatory and local details are sticked in city hall or joined clearly to the water invoice by DDASS; it is also possible to contact the web sites of most of the companies distributing water. Tap water is a source of minerals and trace elements: calcium, magnesium, fluor… which are naturally present in soils and rocks that water flows through. Mineral thresholds are determined by norms in order to ensure a good mineral balance.