环氧化酶-2——骨肉瘤治疗靶点

环氧化酶(COX)是催化花生四烯酸合成前列腺素的限速酶.COX-2作为一种诱导性即刻反应基因,在炎症和肿瘤中高表达,骨肉瘤中亦发现COX-2高表达.COX-2的高表达与肿瘤的血管形成增加、细胞凋亡减少、侵袭性增加和免疫抑制相关.COX-2抑制剂则能通过COX-2途径和非COX-2途径(天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶、凋亡抑制基因bcl-2、过氧化物酶体增殖因子激活受体、神经酰胺、其他凋亡相关因子生存素、p53等)诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,发挥抗肿瘤作用,因此COX-2成为骨肉瘤预防和治疗的靶点.COX-2抑制剂还能促进化疗和放疗效果,从而为骨肉瘤新辅助化疗和放疗等综合治疗提供理论依据.     

P53，C—erbB—2和bcl—2基因在膀胱癌中的表达及意义

目的：研究癌基因和抑癌基因蛋白产物在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中异常表达与肿瘤病理分级和临床分期之间的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测96例膀胱移行细胞癌标本中P53,C－erbB-2和bcl-2基因的表达水平。结果：96例膀胱移行细胞癌标本中P53,C－erbB-2,bcl-2基因的阳性表达率分别为60．4％,66．7％和81．3％,P53,C－erbB-2和bcl-2异常表达与膀胱癌的病理分级和临床分期之间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）,结论：P53,C－erbB-2和bcl-2基因异常表达在膀胱癌发生发展中起重要作用。肿瘤的多基因分析比单基因分析更有价值,为临床病理诊断及估计预后和复发提供了参考指标。     

γ—干扰素对肝癌细胞株Hep—G2 Fas,Bcl—2表达的影响

目的：观察γ－干扰素（γ－IFN）对肝癌细胞株Hep-G2细胞（Hep-G2)表达Fas,Bcl-2的影响。方法：应用γ-IFN预处理Hep-G2,用阿霉素诱导凋亡,MTT法分析细胞死亡率,电镜观察凋亡,免疫组织化学法研究γ-IFN作用于Hepp-G2细胞过程中Fas,Bcl-2的表达情况,结果： γ－IFN预处理的Hep-G2表达Fas增强,表达Bcl-2减弱（P＜0．05）,γ-IFN预处理后Hep-G2细胞对阿霉素的敏感性提高（P＜0．05）,结论：γ-IFN对肝癌细胞株Hep-G2Fas,Bcl-2表达有影响,并可提高肝癌细胞对阿霉素的敏感性。     

MMP—2与肾脏疾病

MMP-2是基质金属蛋白酶家族的重要成员之一。可以参与调节生理和病理状态下细胞外基质的合成和代谢平衡。亦可发挥其类细胞生长因子样的作用。调节系膜细胞的增殖与分化。在不同组织类型的肾脏疾病与同一疾病的不同病理发展阶段。MMP-2可发挥不同的致病机制，导致疾病进展。     

环氧化酶—2与肾脏

环氧化酶是前列腺素合成的限速酶，环氧化酶－２与肾脏关系密切。本文综述了近年环氧化酶－２的新进展。研究结果表明：环氧化酶－２在肾脏的炎症与免疫反应中是一个重要的炎症介质；对肾脏的血液、水盐平衡、肾素分泌等有重要的调节作用：环氧化酶－２在肾脏是个不可缺少的酶。     

胆囊癌患者血清IL—2,sIL—2R及CEA水平的研究

胆囊癌是胆道系统常见的恶性肿瘤，其发病率近年来有增高趋势，研究发现有４０％～１００％的胆囊癌合并胆囊结石。为了研究ＩＬ２、ｓＩＬ２Ｒ和ＣＥＡ在胆囊癌患者血清中的水平及相互关系，以及从免疫学方面来探讨胆囊结石与胆囊癌之间的关系，作者采用ＲＩＡ及ＥＬＩＳＡ法，检测了４０例胆石症患者、２７例胆囊癌患者和２１例伴胆石症的胆囊癌患者的血清ＩＬ２、ｓＩＬ２Ｒ和ＣＥＡ值。对象和方法１．检测对象：胆石症患者４０例，其中男２０例，女２０例，年龄５０～６５岁，平均（５８－１４±５－１）岁；单纯性胆囊癌患者２…     

Urinary F2-isoprostanes formation in kidney transplantation

BACKGROUND: Oxygen free-radical mediated lipid peroxidation has been implicated in many diseases such as chronic renal failure, hemodialysis and chronic kidney transplant rejection. However, insight into the role of free radical generation in kidney transplantation has been constrained by the limitations of current indexes of oxidant stress in vivo. Isoprostaglandin F2alpha type-III (iPF2alpha-III, formerly known as 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha) is emerging as a reliable marker of oxidant stress in vivo. The purpose of our study was to investigate iPF2alpha-III formation as an index of lipid peroxidation in the 5 d following kidney transplantation. METHODS: Urinary iPF2alpha-III measurements were performed by enzyme immunoassay from day I to 5 in 11 patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Results were compared with 11 healthy volunteers matched in sex, age and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Urinary excretion of iPF2alpha-III at day 1 did not significantly differ between control and transplant group (111 +/- 17 vs. 92 +/- 10 pM/ mM creatinine, respectively, NS). Urinary iPF2alpha-III levels did not differ between day 1 to 5, and were not correlated to cold ischaemia time. CONCLUSION: Our study shows no evidence of enhanced lipid peroxidation in the first 5 d following kidney transplantation.     

E2F1蛋白在病理性瘢痕组织中的表达

目的增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩是临床上常见的病理性瘢痕,是创伤后过度愈合反应的结果,以成纤维细胞的异常增殖及合成分泌大量细胞外基质为特征,其形成机理尚不清楚,研究表明基因失调是其中的关键.E2F基因是细胞周期G1向S期过渡的重要调控因子,在调节细胞周期进程和调节细胞增殖过程中起着关键作用.本实验的目的是检测E2F1基因在病理性瘢痕组织中的表达,以正常皮肤组织做对照,初步探讨E2F1在病理性瘢痕形成中的生物学作用.方法利用免疫组化ABC法检测正常皮肤、成熟瘢痕、增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中E2F1蛋白的表达,并进行统计学分析.结果增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中E2F1蛋白表达两组间无明显差异,与正常皮肤、成熟瘢痕对照组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 E2F1蛋白表达在病理性瘢痕组织中增高,促进瘢痕组织中细胞的增生,对病理性瘢痕的形成可能起着重要作用.     

Elevated plasma F2-isoprostanes in patients on long-term hemodialysis

BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on long-term hemodialysis (HD) may be under increased oxidative stress, caused by either HD or renal failure. Plasma F2-isoprostanes have been established as an important indicator of in vivo oxidative stress. METHODS: Plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes were measured in 25 HD patients and 23 controls with normal renal function, employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization (GC-MS-NCI). C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined concurrently in patients and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). alpha-Tocopherol, retinol, albumin and creatinine were also determined. RESULTS: The average total esterified F2-isoprostanes in the ESRD patients was 1.62 +/- 0.73 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.10 ng/mL in controls (P < 0.001), with no overlap between patients and controls. Plasma F2-isoprostanes in diabetic ESRD patients were similar to F2-isoprostanes in patients with other causes for renal failure. In a subset of 10 of these ESRD patients evaluated eight months after the initial measurement, plasma-esterified F2-isoprostanes were not altered by an individual dialysis session. Average plasma CRP values were also higher in HD patients (P < 0.02), but some patients had CRP values that were similar to controls. In the HD patients, total plasma F2-isoprostanes and plasma CRP were correlated (r = 0.48, P = 0.015). Plasma alpha-tocopherol did not differ between patients and controls, but plasma retinol was higher in patients (3.15 +/- 1.71 micromol/L) than in controls (1.97 +/- 0.51 micromol/L, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress in ESRD patients contributes to increased values of esterified plasma F2-isoprostanes, with concurrent increases in plasma CRP levels in some patients. Impaired clearance of esterified F2-isoprostanes may contribute to the elevated levels in renal failure. Plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes may be a useful indicator to evaluate effectiveness of interventions to decrease oxidative stress and associated inflammation.     

E2F1蛋白在病理性瘢痕组织中的表达

目的　增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩是临床上常见的病理性瘢痕 ,是创伤后过度愈合反应的结果 ,以成纤维细胞的异常增殖及合成分泌大量细胞外基质为特征 ,其形成机理尚不清楚 ,研究表明基因失调是其中的关键。E2F基因是细胞周期G1向S期过渡的重要调控因子 ,在调节细胞周期进程和调节细胞增殖过程中起着关键作用。本实验的目的是检测E2F1基因在病理性瘢痕组织中的表达 ,以正常皮肤组织做对照 ,初步探讨E2F1在病理性瘢痕形成中的生物学作用。方法　利用免疫组化ABC法检测正常皮肤、成熟瘢痕、增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中E2F1蛋白的表达 ,并进行统计学分析。结果　增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中E2F1蛋白表达两组间无明显差异 ,与正常皮肤、成熟瘢痕对照组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　E2F1蛋白表达在病理性瘢痕组织中增高 ,促进瘢痕组织中细胞的增生 ,对病理性瘢痕的形成可能起着重要作用     

Spasmogenic qualities of prostaglandin F2alpha in the cat.

Available data indicate that the concentration of prostaglandin F2alpha required to produce arterial spasm in an experimental model is approximately a thousand-fold higher than the concentration that occurs under physiological conditions. The spasmogenic platelet factor which has been previously described is shown to be a substance other than prostaglandin F2alpha because of differences in susceptibility of the two substances to enzymatic digestion.     

E2F3在前列腺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨E2F3在前列腺癌中的表达及临床意义。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）和免疫组化技术检测26例前列腺癌、20例良性前列腺增生和10例正常前列腺组织中E2F3 mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果E2F3 mRNA及蛋白的表达与临床分期有关,晚期（C＋D期）E2F3 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平明显高于早期（A＋B期,P〈0．05）,低分化癌E2F3 mRNA及蛋白的表达明显高于高中分化癌（P〈0．05）。前列腺癌中E2F3表达水平明显高于良性前列腺增生（P〈0．05）及正常前列腺组织（P〈0．05）。结论E2F3表达可能与前列腺癌的恶性程度有关,E2F3在前列腺癌的发生发展中起到促进作用。     

转录因子E2F1在非梗阻性无精症睾丸组织中的表达

目的旨在探讨E2F1核转录因子在人类睾丸组织中的表达与生精功能的关系。方法选取32例人类非梗阻性无精子症睾丸组织石蜡标本，采用HE染色观察曲细精管病理变化，同时用免疫组化SP法检测睾丸组织中核转录因子E2F1的表达;对照组选取13例人类正常睾丸组织。通过分析病理组HE染色，比较E2F1阳性染色范围及程度，评价E2F1核转录因子与生精功能的关系。结果非梗阻性无精子症睾丸组织HE染色显示精曲小管中无或仅少量精子，精曲小管的生精上皮脱落、排列紊乱，精曲小管壁部分有玻变、纤维变，生精细胞萎缩。32例非梗阻性无精子症睾丸组织中E2F1阳性表达8例，阴性表达24例，阳性率25%;13例正常睾丸组织中E2F1的阳性表达9例，阴性表达4例，阳性率69.23%;x2=7.694，差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论（1）E2F1核转录因子表达缺失与睾丸生精功能障碍密切相关;（2）非梗阻性无精子症睾丸组织精曲小管的生精上皮脱落、排列紊乱，生精阻滞。