鼻息肉组织中一氧化氮与肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达及其相关性研究

目的：探讨一氧化氮(NO)与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在鼻息肉组织中的表达的相关性及其在鼻息肉形成过程中的作用。方法：应用化学比色法和放射免疫法对33例鼻息肉患者(鼻息肉组)的息肉、黏膜和血清标本及10例鼻中隔偏曲患者(对照组)的黏膜和血清标本进行NO和TNF-α的检测。结果：鼻息肉组的息肉和黏膜中的NO及TNF-α水平明显高于对照组的黏膜，其差异有极显著性意义(P＜0．01)，两组血清标本差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05)；鼻息肉组的息肉和黏膜中NO与TNF-α之间呈明显负相关(r＝一0．411，P＜0．05和r＝一0．476，P＜0．01)；息肉和黏膜中的TNF-α水平呈明显正相关(r＝0．808，P＜0．01)。结论：鼻息肉组织中有较高水平的NO及TNF-α的存在，且二者之间存在负反馈关系，提示NO与TNF-α在鼻息肉形成过程中有重要作用。     

催乳素在鼻息肉巨噬细胞中的表达及意义

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression level and distribution of prolactin (PRL) in nasal polyp and to find out the significance of the mechanism of PRL in the invasion of nasal polyp. METHODS: Twenty-five polyp tissues were obtained from the patients who were subjected to nasal polypectomy in our Department. Inferior turbinate mucosa was used as control obtained from 12 patients with rhinogenous snoring. HE staining was performed for routine histopathologic examination. The expression of PRL in nasal polyps was observed by immunohistochemical staining, and six polyp tissues were estimated through double staining for determining cells which expressed PRL. RESULTS: (1) Positive expression of PRL was significantly stronger (t =4.004, P < 0.01) in 25 nasal polyp tissues (2.05 +/- 0.88) than that in 12 normal inferior turbinate mucosa (0.96 +/- 0.50). Positive expression of macrophage (CD68) was significantly stronger (t = 3.519, P < 0.01) in 25 nasal polyp tissues (1.85 +/- 0.83) than that in 12 normal inferior turbinate mucosa (0.93 +/- 0.52). (2) The PRL expressing cell mainly was the macrophage as demonstrated by double immunohistochemical method. CONCLUSION: PRL derived from macrophages of nasal mucosa may participate in the formation of nasal polyp through its local immune modulation.     

The concentration and expression of IL-5 in human nasal polyp tissue]

OBJECTIVE: To study the concentration and expression of IL-5 in nasal polyp tissues and explore its significance in the micro-environment differentiation of eosinophils accumulation and clarify the conception of nasal polyposis. METHODS: The concentration and expression of IL-5 in nasal polyp tissues of 40 patients were determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, and inferior turbinate mucosa from patients with nasal polyps and healthy volunteers was used as control. RESULTS: 1. IL-5 concentration in the polyp tissues was significantly higher than that in inferion turbinate mucosa(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in inferion turbinate mucosa between the patients with nasal polyps and healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). IL-5 concentration in polyp tissues was markedly higher in patients with extensive polypoid change of nasal mucosa, history of previous polypectomy and allergic rhinitis compared with those without these features (P < 0.05). IL-5 concentration had no correlation with age and sex (P > 0.05). 2. 80.1% of the eosinophils were positive for IL-5 and 90.9% of IL-5 positive cells were eosinophils. Only 3.7% of the lymphocytes and neutrophils were IL-5 positive, and IL-5 was not detectable in epithelial cells. IL-5 expression in eosinophils of polyp tissues was remarkably stronger than that of the turbinate mucosa (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in inferion turbinate mucosa between the patients with nasal polyps and healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). IL-5 expression of eosinophils in polyp tissues was significantly stronger in patients with extensive polypoid change of nasal mucosa, history of previous polypectomy and allergic rhinitis compared with those without these features (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-5 expression in lymphocytes and neutrophils between polyp tissues and inferior turbinate nasal mucosa (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-5 is a key protein in eosinophilic pathologic mechanisms in nasal polyp tissues.     

Evaluation of telomerase activity in nasal polyps

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess if nasal polyps express telomerase activity and whether a difference could be found between the polyp and the surrounding mucosa of the middle meatus and between different portions of the polyp itself METHODS: Nine patients affected by nasal polyposis were included in this study; four of these patients had recurring polyposis. Telomerase activity was measured by telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. In six patients, the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay was performed on the polyp and on the mucosa from the ipsilateral middle meatus. In a polyp, we were able to investigate telomerase activity of its different portions, corresponding to pedicle and fundus. RESULTS: Telomerase activity observed in nasal polyps was higher than that observed in samples from the ipsilateral middle meatus mucosa. High or intermediate telomerase activity was found to be related to predominant recurring polyposis. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it could be postulated that telomerase activity could be related with the tendency of polyps to recur.     

荧光定量RT-PCR检测糖皮质激素受体-α mRNA 在鼻息肉组织中的表达

目的:定量检测糖皮质激素受体-α(GR-α)mRNA在鼻息肉和鼻腔正常黏膜中的表达,并探讨其在鼻息肉发生发展中的意义。方法:采用荧光定量逆转录PCR(FQ-RT-PCR)检测36例鼻息肉(息肉组)和31例鼻腔正常黏膜(对照组)中GR-αmRNA定量表达。结果:GR-α在对照组[(135.4±5.2)×1010copy/g]中比息肉组[(25.5±5.0)×1010copy/g]中表达高,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:GR-α在息肉组织中的低表达,可能是促进鼻息肉发生发展的一个重要因素。     

三种基质金属蛋白酶在鼻息肉组织中的表达

目的　探讨三种基质金属蛋白酶 (matrixmetalloproteinases,MMPs)与鼻息肉发病的关系。方法　采用免疫组化法对MMPs成员中MMP2、MMP9及MMP3在 3 2例鼻息肉组织中的表达进行研究。结果　正常鼻粘膜未见有三者的表达 ,鼻息肉组织中MMPs阳性细胞主要位于基底膜附近的细胞。上皮细胞、血液细胞及浸润的炎细胞表达MMP9;成纤维细胞、浸润的炎细胞和上皮细胞表达MMP2 ;少部分上皮细胞和浸润的炎细胞表达MMP3。与正常鼻粘膜相比 ,鼻息肉组织中三者的阳性细胞过度表达 ,三者的阳性细胞表达数比较 ,MMP9明显高于MMP2和MMP3 (P <0 0 1)。结论　MMP2、MMP9及MMP3在鼻息肉组织中过度表达 ,它们可破坏基底膜导致鼻粘膜病理性改变 ,在鼻息肉的发生发展中起到了重要的作用 ,MMP9似乎起到了更重要的作用     

Significance and expression of transforming growth factor beta in human nasal polyp tissue]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis and the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in human inflammatory nasal polyps. METHODS: TGF-beta 1-3 in nasal polyp tissues and inferior turbinate mucosa of twenty-five polyposis patients were detected with immunohistochemistry alkaline phosphatase and anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. The inferior turbinate mucosa of eight healthy volunteers were selected as control. Six polyp tissues were estimated with double immunolabeling and Western-blot analysis to compare the characterization of the TGF-beta isoforms expression and the proportion of macrophages and eosinophils in nasal polyp tissues. RESULTS: The expression of TGF-beta 1-3 in nasal polyps was significantly higher than that in nasal mucosa and indetecable in nasal mucosa from healthy volunteers; TGF-beta 1 was the main isoform detected in nasal polyps; TGF-beta positively was accompanied by numerous macrophage and eosinophil infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-beta mainly TGF-beta 1 is strongly expressed in nasal polyps and its mucosa, where it could be produced by macrophages and eosinophils. TGF-beta could induce modification of epithelium and connective tissue and therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.     

三种基质金属蛋白酶在鼻息肉组织中的表达

目的 探讨三种基质金属蛋白酶（ｍａｔｒｉｘ ｅｍｔａｌｌｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎａｓｅｓ,ＭＭＰｓ）与鼻息肉发病的关系。方法 采用免疫组化法对ＭＭＰｓ成员中ＭＭＰ２、ＭＭＰ９及ＭＭＰ３在３２例鼻息肉组织中的表达进行研究。结果 正常鼻粘膜未见有三者的表达,鼻息肉组织中ＭＭＰｓ阳性细胞主要位于基底膜附近的细胞。上皮细胞、血液细胞及浸润的炎细胞表达ＭＭＰ９;成纤维细胞、浸润的炎细胞和上皮细胞表达ＭＭＰ２;少部分     

The early stages of polyp formation.

The purpose of this study is to describe polyp formation in the mucosa of the middle ear as a possible model for the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. In 65 Wistar rats, the eustachian tube was occluded on the left side for up to 20 months; 60 right-sided, nonoccluded ears served as controls. Following occlusion, the middle ear mucosa was examined for signs of polyps. Signs of polyp formation or fully developed polyps were seen in 14 (22%) of the middle ears, and were only seen in middle ears with signs of actual or previous infection. It was established that the first stages of polyp formation include epithelial rupture, proliferation of fibrous tissue through the epithelial defect, and epithelialization of the prolapsed fibrous tissue by proliferation and migration of epithelial cells from the surrounding epithelium until there is full epithelial covering of the polyp. This report discusses whether the described middle ear model may form basis for the explanation of the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.     

Nasal allergy and nasal polyp with special reference to the mucosal IgE antibodies

Immunologic conditions were studied in 8 patients with nasal allergies and nasal polyps and in 20 patients with nasal polyps. The present study showed the following: Nasal polyp mucosa contains a low level of mucosal IgE antibodies; nasal polyp mucosa is devoid of or deficient in the capacity of producing IgE antibodies; the presence of mucosal IgE antibodies in nasal polyp mucosa does not always imply the clinical manifestation of nasal allergies, and the antigen and antibody interaction does not always result in nasal symptoms.     

Distributional characteristics of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp

The results of this study suggest that an altered expression pattern of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in nasal polyp may not function as a charge restriction barrier for vascular permeability, contributing to the leakage of protein and fluid.Sulfated GAGs are found on the vascular endothelial surface and in the extracellular matrix in various tissues and organs, suggesting that these materials constitute a negatively charged screen restricting the movement of circulating plasma molecules. This study was designed to elucidate the distributional characteristics of sulfated GAGs in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp in order to understand their roles in the formation of nasal polyp.The expression and localization of sulfated GAGs in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp were detected light microscopically with the histochemical method using poly-L-lysine-conjugated colloidal gold followed by silver enhancement.Sulfated GAGs in normal human nasal mucosa were distributed in the epithelial layer, vascular endothelial surface, submucosal gland and extracellular matrix. In nasal polyp, intense staining was also seen in the glandular structure and epithelial layer. However, the vascular endothelium and extracellular matrix exhibited either a weak reaction or no reaction.     

糖皮质激素受体 mRNA在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉组织中的表达

目的通过检测糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoid receptor, GR)-α及β mRNA在接受鼻腔糖皮质激素治疗后不同疗效的两组患者鼻息肉黏膜的定量表达,探讨在不同组慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉组织中GR-α和GR-β的表达意义.方法采用荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应(FQ-RT-PCR)方法检测40例患者鼻息肉组织中GR-α mRNA和GR-β mRNA的定量表达.结果通过随访80例门诊患者后筛查出40例患者,其中激素敏感组26例,激素不敏感组14例.在激素不敏感鼻息肉组织中GR-β mRNA 表达[(5.72±0.58)×102 拷贝/μg]均高于激素敏感组[(4.82±0.28)×102拷贝/μg,t=-6.65,P<0.01]和正常鼻黏膜组[(4.44±0.35)×102拷贝/μg,t=-9.19, P<0.01],并在该两组之间差异均有统计学意义.GR-α mRNA与GR-β mRNA的比值在激素敏感组(829.42±67.36)与激素不敏感组(535.70±89.00)间差异有统计学意义(t=11.74, P<0.01).结论慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者中的GR-β mRNA高表达,GR-α mRNA表达下调提示激素不敏感的存在,GR-β在评价鼻息肉患者对激素治疗疗效上有一定作用.     

Distributional characteristics of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that an altered expression pattern of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in nasal polyp may not function as a charge restriction barrier for vascular permeability, contributing to the leakage of protein and fluid.

Objective

Sulfated GAGs are found on the vascular endothelial surface and in the extracellular matrix in various tissues and organs, suggesting that these materials constitute a negatively charged screen restricting the movement of circulating plasma molecules. This study was designed to elucidate the distributional characteristics of sulfated GAGs in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp in order to understand their roles in the formation of nasal polyp.

Material and methods

The expression and localization of sulfated GAGs in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp were detected light microscopically with the histochemical method using poly-L-lysine-conjugated colloidal gold followed by silver enhancement.

Results

Sulfated GAGs in normal human nasal mucosa were distributed in the epithelial layer, vascular endothelial surface, submucosal gland and extracellular matrix. In nasal polyp, intense staining was also seen in the glandular structure and epithelial layer. However, the vascular endothelium and extracellular matrix exhibited either a weak reaction or no reaction.     

白细胞介素13在嗜酸粒细胞性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎合并鼻息肉组织中的表达及其与黏蛋白高分泌的相关性研究

目的 明确白细胞介素13(IL-13)在嗜酸粒细胞性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,EOS-CRSwNP)中的表达,探讨在EOS-CRSwNP中IL-13和黏蛋白5AC(mucin 5AC,MUC5AC)的相关性.方法 利用免疫组化和ELISA方法观察和测量MUC5AC在对照组鼻黏膜组织和EOS-CRSwNP组织的表达,ELISA法检测IL-13在对照组鼻黏膜组织和EOS-CRSwNP组织的表达;双变量相关性分析研究EOS-CRSwNP中IL-13和MUC5AC的相关性.IL-13与原代培养鼻黏膜上皮细胞共孵育,ELISA检测细胞上清中MUC5AC的表达.结果 免疫组化染色见MUC5AC主要表达在鼻黏膜上皮,通过ELISA检测,EOS-CRSwNP中MUC5AC和IL-13均较对照组显著升高.双变量相关性分析表明在EOS-CRSwNP中MUC5AC与IL-13存在高度相关,进一步通过IL-13与气液界面原代培养人鼻黏膜上皮细胞共孵育,MUC5AC分泌显著增加.结论 MUC5AC和IL-13在EOS-CRSwNP中表达升高,MUC5AC的高分泌与IL-13高表达密切相关.