卡维地洛在瓣膜性与非瓣膜性心力衰竭治疗中的对比观察

目的　探讨卡维地洛对瓣膜性心脏病心力衰竭患者的心功能的影响。方法　随机选择心力衰竭患者 6 8例 ,缺血性心脏病为A组 (n =33) ,瓣膜性心脏病为B组 (n=35 ) ,A、B两组分别用卡维地洛治疗 1个月、2个月、3个月时观察患者的心功能及左室射血分数 (LVEF)指标。结果　A、B两组分别治疗在治疗 1个月患者治疗前后心功能及LVEF比较均为P >0 0 5 ,差异无显著性 ;治疗 3个月时均为P <0 0 5 ,治疗前与治疗后差异有显著性。A、B两组相比较P >0 0 5差异无显著性。结论　该试验证实卡维地洛对瓣膜性心脏病心力衰竭的疗效与缺血性心脏病心力衰竭的疗效相同。可推断卡维地洛显著改善瓣膜性心脏病患者的心功能和左室射血分数 (LVEF)。     

曲美他嗪治疗慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及心律失常疗效观察

目的观察曲美他嗪治疗慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及其心律失常的疗效.方法60例慢性心力衰竭患者,随机分为常规治疗组(对照组)及曲美他嗪组(治疗组),观察曲美他嗪治疗前及治疗后6个月,对心功能及心律失常的影响.结果与治疗前相比,两组左室射血分数(LVEF)明显提高,对照组LVEF从33.1±2.4提高至35.9±2.8,治疗组从32.3±1.7升至39.6±3.9,两组P＜0.00l,对照组FS由12.2±3.5至14.3±3.2,治疗组从12.1±3.2升至17.6±3.9,P＜0.05,治疗组与对照组比较,P＜0.002,与对照组相比,治疗组室性心律失常从(1287.1±115.4)次/24 h减至(756.8±119.7)次/24-h减至(213.1±67.9)次/24 h,P＜0.001,室上性心律失常从(129.2±51.8)次/24.h减至(67.5±32.5)次/24 h,P＜0.001,对照组室性心律失常从(1156.8±134.9)次/24 h至(1058.7±121.5)次/24 h至(1056.3±119.6)次/24 h,P＞0.05.结论曲美他嗪能明显改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能,并能减少心律失常的发生.     

美托洛尔治疗心脏瓣膜病伴心衰患者的临床效果观察

目的观察美托洛尔治疗心脏瓣膜病伴心衰患者的临床效果。方法选择该院2014-03~2016-03收治的112例心脏瓣膜病伴心衰患者,按照住院号的奇偶数半随机分为对照组和治疗组,各56例。对照组采取常规强心、利尿等治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上服用美托洛尔治疗。对比两组患者治疗4周前后的心率、血压、心胸比、纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级及心功能指标变化情况。结果治疗组的心率、血压、心胸比、NYHA分级以及心功能指标改善程度均优于对照组。治疗组显效45例,有效8例,无效3例;对照组显效35例,有效10例,无效11例,治疗组的临床疗效明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论美托洛尔治疗心脏瓣膜病伴心衰,可以显著改善患者心功能指标。     

年龄及平均心率对心率变异指标的影响

为探讨年龄及平均心率对心率变异(HRV)的影响,观察心绞痛(n=66)、心肌梗塞(n=51)和正常人(n=75)3组对象短程体表心电图正常R-R间距之标准差(SD)及变异系数(CV)参数.结果表明多数情况下SD与平均心率显著负相关,而CV与平均心率的相关性较小.同时发现心绞痛及心肌梗塞组SD与年龄显著负相关(P<0.05),但CV与年龄无显著关系(P>0.05).故认为以CV作为HRV指标更能客观反映心脏自主神经功能状况.     

Apoptosis in heart failure and the senescent heart

The progressive loss of cardiac myocytes by apoptotic cell death has been discussed as an important pathogenic component in the failing myocardium as well in the aging heart. The degree to which apoptosis contributes to myocyte loss in these conditions, however, is a controversial issue. This review focuses on the regulation of apoptosis, evidence implicating apoptosis as a mechanism for the progression and development of heart failure, the role of apoptotic death in senescent cardiac dysfunction, as well as on the problems of detection of apoptosis.     

Targets and management of hypertension in heart failure: focusing on the stages of heart failure

Hypertension is highly prevalent worldwide and is the major risk factor for heart failure (HF). More than half of the patients with HF in Asia suffer from hypertension. According to the 2022 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America HF guideline, there are four stages of HF, including at risk for HF (stage A), pre‐HF (stage B), symptomatic HF (stage C), and advanced HF (stage D). Given the high prevalence of hypertension as well as HF and the stronger association between hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in Asians compared to the west, measures to prevent and alleviate the progression to clinical HF, especially controlling the blood pressure (BP), are of priority for Asian populations. After reviewing evidence‐based studies, we propose a BP target of less than 130/80 mmHg for patients at stages A, B, and C. However, relatively higher BP may represent an opportunity to maximize guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT), which could potentially result in a better prognosis for patients at stage D. Traditional antihypertensive drugs are the cornerstones for the management of hypertension at stages A and B. Notably, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are inferior to other drug classes for the preventing of HF, whereas diuretics are superior to others. For patients at stage C, GDMT is essential which also helps the control of BP. In particular, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are newer therapies recommended for the treatment of HF and presumably even in hypertension to prevent HF. Regarding patients at stage D, GDMT is also recommended if tolerable and measures should be taken to improve hemodynamics.