眼球挫伤视网膜的酶组织化学研究——动物实验

眼球挫伤是眼科常见病,除了前节损伤外常有视网膜的损伤,如治疗不当,常致视力减退或盲目.眼球挫伤情况多变,病理生理机制复杂,为了探讨酶在眼球挫伤后的变化,我们对眼球挫伤后视网膜的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、磷酸化酶、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)的变化做了测定,报告如下材料和方法取本院动物室饲养的白色成年健康家兔14只,体重2～3公斤,雄雌不分,随机分     

急性高眼压状态视网膜组织学和酶组织化学实验研究

本文用酶组织化学方法观察了急性高眼压动物模型视网膜与能量代谢有关的酶活性变化,发现琥珀酸脱氢酶、磷酸化酶、三磷酸腺苷酶活性降低，而乳酸脱氢酶及葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶活性增加，提示高眼压后视网膜发生的能量代谢障碍，可能是造成功能和结构损伤的重要原因之一。 （中华眼底病杂志，1993，9：141-144）     

老年性白内障的氧化损伤与酶组织化学观察

研究老年性白内障晶状体上皮酶活性变化和氧化损伤对培养的牛晶状体上皮细胞酶活性的影响。方法：1取老年性白内障晶状体和正常透明晶状体进行酶组织化学染色，观察SDH，LDH，G6PD，ATPase活性的变化。2观察培养牛晶状体上皮细胞氧化损伤后及维生素C治疗后SDH，LDH，G6PD活性的改变。结果：1老年性白内障SDH，LDH，G6PD，ATPase活性降低。2培养的牛晶状体上此细胞经过氧化损伤后SDH，LDH，G6PD活性显降低，维生素C可使酶活性显提高，结论：氧化损伤使能量产生减少，可能是白内障发生的原因之一，维生素C对氧化损伤具有部分保护作用。     

准分子激光兔角膜原位磨镶术后视网膜酶组织化学和组织学研究

目的：观察兔眼准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（Laser in situ keratomileusis,Lasik)后视网膜糖代谢有关酶的活性及组织学变化。方法：36只兔接受不同深度的Lasik手术角膜切削,分别于手术后不同时间处死,制成冰冻切片和石蜡切片,观察视网膜琥珀酸脱氩酶（SDH）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）,还原型轻酶I（NADH）活性变化及组织学改变。结果：不同切削量各手术组与对照组比较,术后不同时间各手术组比较,视网膜三种酶活性均无显性差异（P＞0．05）,视网膜组织学观察亦无明显区别 ,结论：临床Lasik手术切削兔角膜后,视网膜SDH,LDH NADH活性无明显改变,组织学结构正常。     

深低温保存人视网膜的酶组织化学及超微结构观察

目的 观察深低温保存不同时期人视网膜的酶组织化学及超微结构变化。 方法 以酶组织化学染色法测定深低温保存不同时期（275、704 d）及对照组视网膜琥珀酸脱氢酶（ succinic dehydrogenase, SDH）、乳酸脱氢酶（lactic dehydrogenase, LDH）、腺苷三磷 酸酶（ATPase）活性，并观察视网膜组织结构及超微结构改变。 结果 深低温保存不同时期及对照组的人视网膜SDH、LDH及ATPase活性差异无显著性意义；光镜下见深低温保存组视网膜神经纤维层、外网层及杆锥层积液略多；透射电镜下神经纤维结构正常，细胞核形态、结构正常，线粒体不同程度肿胀，个别空泡形成。 结论 深低温法是视网膜的活性保存方法之一，有望为临床视网膜移植提供材料。（中华眼底病杂志，2000，16：139-212）     

多糖生物膜的眼内生物相容性

目的 研究多糖生物膜（polysaccharide biomembrane,PSBM)在眼内的生物相容性，降解性。方法 将PSBM植片植入兔眼前房内，设对照组。术后观察眼压和PSBM植片形态变化；于植入后15，25，55d摘除眼球观察角膜内皮活性，晶状体上皮，虹膜局部及视网膜的形态变化；对晶状体上皮，视网膜的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH），酸性磷酸酶（ACP），碱性磷酸酶（ALP）进行酶组织化学观察及统计学分析。结果 PSBM植片在眼内可完全降解吸收，角膜内皮活性，晶状体上皮，视网膜的组织学形态无显著变化，植入PSBM处的虹膜局部可见纤维增殖；各组实验眼与对照眼间的晶状体上皮和视网膜的LDH，SDH，ACP，ALP活性均无显著差异。结论 PSBM植入眼内可完全降解吸收，是有良好生物相容性的医用生物材料，有望在眼科得到开发应用。     

老年性白内障的氧化損傷與酶組織化學觀察

目的研究老年性白内障晶狀體上皮酶活性變化和氧化損傷對培養的牛晶狀體上皮細胞酶活性的影響.方法1取老年性白内障晶狀體和正常透明晶狀體進行酶組織化學染色,觀察SDH、LDH、G6PD、ATPase活性的變化.2觀察培養牛晶狀體上皮細胞氧化損傷后及維生素C治療后SDH、LDH、G6PD活性的改變. 結果1老年性白内障SDH、LDH、G6PD、ATPase活性降低.2培養的牛晶狀體上皮細胞經過氧化損傷后SDH、LDH、G6PD活性顯著降低,維生素C可使酶活性顯著提高.結論氧化損傷使能量産生减少,可能是白内障發生的原因之一,維生素C對氧化損傷具有部分保護作用.     

白内障晶体上皮细胞脱氢酶活性测定与分析

目前,晶状体本身的代谢异常与白内障发病的关系愈来愈引起人们的重视,许多学者认为晶状体某些酶活性下降及光化学反应引起晶状体的超氧化损伤是老年性白内障发病的重要因素。6(?)磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G6PD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)从三个不同的代谢途径(磷酸戊糖途径、无氧酵解及三羧循环途径)反映了整个晶体糖代谢状态,并且晶状体上皮细胞是晶状体代谢最活跃的部位,是整个晶状体代谢的关键,它的形态与功能的正常与否是维持晶状体透明性的重要条件,目前尚未见到采用细胞化学方法定量测定晶状体酶活性的报道。为此,我们用这种方法显示酶的活性,然后用MPV-TASPLUS 显微分光图象分析仪对各种不同类型的白内障晶状体上皮     

老年性白内障血液红细胞中G6PD酶活性与发病的关系

白内障是人类致盲的主要疾病之一,其发病可能与晶状体内、房水及血液中某些酶活性异常有关,并引起国内外许多学者的广泛重视.我们已经观察到晶状体上皮细胞中6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G_6PD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的酶活性均与老年性白内障的发病有关.为了进一步观察血液红细胞中G_6PD与老年性白内障的发病关系,为老年性白内障的早期诊断提供实验依据,我们采用生物化学方法对老年性白内障病人红细胞中G_6PD酶活性进行了测定,现将实验方法与结果报道如下:     

玻璃体内注射先锋霉素Ⅵ视网膜酶组织化学的实验研究

目的：研究先锋霉素Ⅵ玻璃体腔内注射的安全剂量。 方法：不同浓度的先锋霉素Ⅵ（100、200、250、300、400μg)注入不同组别的兔眼玻璃体腔内，以酶组织化学染色法确定注射后不同时间(1、3、7天)视网膜能量代谢酶琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinic dehydrogenase,SDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)活性的变化并观察视网膜的组织结构及超微结构损害。 结果：随用药剂量增大，视网膜内SDH、LDH活性均逐渐降低；各剂址组活性分别于术后3天和术后1天降至最低，然后开始恢复，至术后7天100、200μg组恢复至正常，其余剂量组仍低于正常.100、200μg剂量组视网膜内仅出现水肿，而250、300、400μg组均出现细胞变性坏死、杆锥体脱失等改变。 结论：先锋霉索Ⅵ玻璃体腔内注射的安全剂量为200μg。 （中华眼底病杂志，1997，13：139-142）     

老年性白内障的氧化损伤与酶组织化学观察

目的 研究老年性白内障晶状体上皮酶活性变化和氧化损伤对培养的牛晶状体上皮细胞酶活性的影响。方法 １．取老年性白内障晶状体和正常透明晶状体进行酶组织化学染色,观察ＳＤＨ,ＬＤＨ,Ｇ６ＰＤ,ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的变化。２．观察培养牛晶状体上皮细胞氧化损伤后及维生素Ｃ治疗后ＳＤＨ,ＬＤＨ,Ｇ６ＰＤ活性的改变。结果 １．老年性白内障ＳＤＨ,ＬＤＨ,Ｇ６ＰＤ,ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性降低。２．培养的牛晶状体上皮细胞经过氧化损伤后ＳＤＨ,ＬＤＨ,Ｇ６ＰＤ活性显著降低,维生素Ｃ可使酶活性显著提高。结论 氧化损伤使能量产生减少,可能是白内障发生的原因之一,维生素Ｃ对氧化损伤具有部分保护作用。     

视网膜母细胞瘤综合治疗的预后及其相关因素

目的：研究视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）患儿综合治疗的预后并探讨其相关临床因素。 方法：回顾性系列病例研究。分析在深圳市眼科医院进行综合治疗的65例（92眼）RB患儿的临床资料。综合治疗的方法为以化疗为主联合局部治疗（光凝或冷冻）+眼球摘除治疗。不同结局相关临床因素的比较采用独立样本t检验,其余指标采用Fisher's精准检验。 结果：所有RB患儿的总生存率为92%,不同分期生存率差异无统计学意义。所有患儿总的保眼率为51%,E期和其他4期之问保眼率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高风险D、E期RB患儿共60例,采用化疗联合局部治疗保眼的共42例,D期18例中11例保眼成功,E期24例中4例保眼成功。治疗成功与失败患儿的初诊时间和随访时间差异无统计学意义。根据眼内肿瘤的位置将42例患儿分为3组,分析显示即周边部（包括中周部）与后极部、后极部+周边部保眼率差异有统计学意义(P=0.009、0.021)。42例患儿中4例死亡,均为肿瘤位置处于后极部的患儿,后极部与后极部+周边部2组之间病死率差异有统计学意义( P=0.045)。 结论：综合治疗提高了RB患儿的生存率,但患儿的生存率和保眼率与其临床分期及肿瘤所处的位置高度相关。     

Enzymes of energy-producing metabolism in human tear fluid

In human tear fluid the activity of 12 enzymes of energy-producing metabolism was determined. Rather high values were found for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and amylase (AM). Lower values were found for aldolase (ALD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), hexokinase (HK), glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT). The enzyme pattern of tear fluid is similar to that of the lacrimal gland.     

Uveoscleral Outflow in Dog's Eye: Role of Several Enzymes

The morphological pattern of several enzymes (succinic dehydrogenase – SDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase – G6PDH and lactic dehydrogenase – LDH) was evaluated in normal dog eyes. Special attention was paid to the uveo-scleral tissue. Cryostatic sections of dog eye were stained with toluidine blue for the recognition of the microanatomical details or with histoenzymatic methods for SDH, G6PDH and LDH activities using sodium succinate, glucose-6-phosphate and sodium lactate as substrates respectively, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a reducing agent and sodium nitro-blue-tetrazolium as a colouring substance. A moderate positive reaction for SDH and a strong positive reaction for LDH were observed in the uveo-scleral tissue, while G6PDH gave negative staining. Some considerations regarding a possible active role of these enzymatic activities to the aqueous humor outflow are suggested. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Influence of UV-irradiation on enzymes in mouse ocular lens: in vitro studies

PURPOSE: In vitro study of the enzymes involved in aerobic, anaerobic and hexose monophosphate shunt in ultraviolet radiation exposed mice lenses. METHOD: Of the selected enzymes, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was representative of anaerobic glucose oxidation, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) of the aerobic oxidation, and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) of the Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) shunt. Other enzymes studied were ATPase and glutathione reductase (GR). RESULTS: Experiments with mice lenses in vitro showed that transparent lens became opaque following UV-irradiation at 360 nm. Opacification of the lens was accompanied by a change in enzyme activities for energy metabolism. CONCLUSION: These changes were progressive in a manner analogous to sequential morphological changes, which would be crucial in maintaining lens transparency.     

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a Sardinian population, Italy

PURPOSE: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common human genetic abnormalities, with a high prevalence in Sardinia, Italy. Evidence indicates that G6PD-deficient patients are protected against ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease and retinal vein occlusion. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of G6PD deficiency in Sardinian patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and ascertain whether G6PD deficiency may offer protection against NAION. METHODS: Erythrocyte G6PD activity was determined by using a quantitative assay in 140 patients with NAION and 280 age- and gender-matched comparison patients. Conditional logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between G6PD deficiency and NAION. RESULTS: G6PD deficiency was found in 7 (5%) patients with NAION and 34 (12.1%) control subjects. Differences between cases and controls were statistically significant (P = 0.02). Conditional logistic regression analysis, including as covariates G6PD deficiency, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, revealed that G6PD deficiency was significantly associated with decreased risk for NAION (odds ratio [OR] = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.17-0.94, P = 0.035). Conditional logistic regression analyses, including systolic or diastolic blood pressure and plasma glucose and cholesterol levels confirmed that G6PD deficiency was associated with a decreased risk for NAION, but the ORs were not significant at the 0.05 significance level (P = 0.085 and P = 0.071). Models including gender x G6PD deficiency interaction disclosed that gender was not an effect modifier of G6PD deficiency (P > 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of G6PD deficiency in patients with NAION was significantly lower than expected. Results suggest that G6PD-deficient patients in the Sardinian population have a significantly decreased risk of having NAION.     

The effect of Hirudo therapy on a change in the activity of retinal transport adenosinetriphosphatases in the rabbit with photic eye damage]

Effect of Hirudo therapy on the activities of transport adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) of the retina and pigmented epithelium (PE) is studied in normal and albino rabbits whose eyes were exposed to potent illumination (100,000 Lux at the level of the cornea for 90 min). The exposure decreased the activities of ATPase, which did not recover in any of animal groups. Hirudo therapy immediately after illumination increased the enzymes activity in pigmented animals in comparison with intact control: by 20% in the retina and by 23% in PE; Mg-ATPase activity increased by 23% in the retina and decreased by 10% in PE. In subsequent 24 h, ATPase activities decreased, but in comparison with exposed retina the activity of Na,K-ATPase in the retina was 70% increased and in PE 78% increased; the activities of Mg-ATPase were increased by 33 and 8%, respectively. Complete recovery of ATPase activities was attained in 8 days. In albino animals, ATPase activities did not recover completely, but they were notably higher than in intact controls. Hirudo therapy before illumination had a marked protective effect.