颅内高血运肿瘤术前栓塞中Glubran胶的应用和效果

目的探讨Glubran胶术前栓塞颅内高血运肿瘤的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性研究2013年—2014年9例施行Glubran胶术前栓塞颅内高血运肿瘤的临床和影像资料,总结其方法的安全性和效果。结果 9例颅内高血运肿瘤,3例达到100%栓塞,4例达到90%栓塞,2例达到70%栓塞。9例患者栓塞术后均未见并发症出现,取得良好的效果。结论 Glubran胶对颅内高血运肿瘤栓塞是安全及有效的。     

骶骨肿瘤术前超选择性动脉栓塞的意义

目的：研究和评估骶骨肿瘤术前经导管超选择性动脉栓塞的价值和作用。方法：对１６例骶骨肿瘤用明胶海绵或白芨粉行超选择性动脉栓塞,栓塞后平均３．５天行手术切除。疾病包括：骨巨细胞瘤３例、脊索瘤８例、动脉瘤样骨囊肿２例、转移瘤３例。结果：本组１６例栓塞后造影的显示肿瘤染色均较术前减少８５％以上。术中失血５００～１５００ｍｌ之间,平均为７８０ｍｌ。所有肿瘤均被顺利切除。结论：超选择性动脉栓塞手术治疗骶骨肿瘤     

脑膜瘤术前的颈外动脉栓塞术

本文对14例脑膜瘤行术前预外动脉栓塞,7例止血效果良好,7例出血仍偏多。影响栓塞止血效果的原因有:(1)术中损伤较大血管;(2)肿瘤有预外和颈内动脉的双重供血;(3)或有双颈外动脉供血;(4)靶血管距颈总动脉近,为避免返流而栓子量注入不足。这几种因素尤其(2)、(3)二项影响栓塞效果较大,但仍起到较大止血作用。并对有关栓塞技术作了介绍。     

巨型富血供脑膜瘤术前栓塞的临床应用

目的 探讨巨型富血供脑膜瘤术前栓塞的的临床应用价值.方法 选择2013年4月至2014年8月收治的71例巨大脑膜瘤(最大径＞5 cm)患者,术前MRI提示均强化明显,血供丰富,分成术前栓塞组(研究组)38例和未栓塞(对照组)33例,术前DSA造影确定血供分型为Ⅰ及Ⅱ型脑膜瘤,研究组予以PAV颗粒(200～300μm)栓塞,对照组仅行脑血管造影,未予以栓塞,观察两组术中出血、肿瘤切除时间及栓塞并发症情况;术后复查MRI观察切除程度.结果 研究组及对照组术中出血量(ml)(562±178)比(833±234)、肿瘤切除时间(h)(5.45±2.13)比(7.23±2.45)、肿瘤切除程度Simpson分级(Ⅲ及Ⅲ以下)27例(27/38,71％)比19例(19/33,57.6％),P＜0.05,差异均有统计学意义,7例出现栓塞后脑水肿加重,2例出现头皮缺血性坏死,1例出现术中癫痫发作,对症治疗后均缓解.结论 巨型富血供脑膜瘤术前栓塞可以明显减少术中出血、缩短手术时间,提高脑膜瘤的切除程度,值得在临床推广及应用.     

术前栓塞在颅底脑膜瘤手术中的价值

目的 回顾42例颅底脑膜瘤施行术前栓塞治疗效果.方法 对42例颅底脑膜瘤行数字减影血管造影术检查并选择性栓塞肿瘤供血动脉,栓塞的材料包括明胶海绵和聚乙烯醇颗粒.栓塞后3～7 d行手术切除肿瘤.结果 单纯的颈外动脉供血(Ⅰ型)7例,颈内外动脉联合供血者(Ⅱ Ⅲ型)35例.肿瘤全切除24 例,大部切除13例,部分切除5例,无栓塞相关并发症.结论 颅底脑膜瘤的术前栓塞能明显减少术中出血,缩短手术时间,提高手术安全性及全切率.     

脑膜瘤的数字减影血管造影和术前栓塞

脑膜瘤患者行数字减影血管造影及术前栓塞已成为脑膜瘤诊治的重要手段之一。对于颅底部位较大的脑膜瘤和累及静脉窦的脑膜瘤，多行DSA检查。其血管造影成像特点是呈放射状影像，其供血动脉多为颅内外的脑膜支。术前栓塞可使脑膜瘤变小、变软、血供减少，因此，可使手术时间缩短，术中出血减少，减少由于牵拉和操作脑组织而引起的对脑组织的损伤。应用的栓塞剂多为多聚乙醇(polyvinyl alcohol，PVA)颗粒，直径多为255-350μm，目的是栓塞肿瘤的血管床而非仅仅栓塞肿瘤的供血动脉。只要避开颅内外危险吻合和颅内正常分支，脑膜瘤的术前栓塞是安全有效的。     

脑膜瘤术前颈外动脉栓塞治疗疗效评价

目的：探讨脑膜瘤颈外动脉栓塞治疗的临床疗效和应用价值。材料和方法;对２１例脑膜瘤患者手术前采用颈外动脉明海绵栓塞治疗,观察其疗效及并发症,并观察手术中出血、手术切除及手术并发症发生情况。结果：２１例患者均予栓塞术后３～７天行手术治疗,手术出血量无间均显减少,手术切除较为容易,栓塞术及手术切除未出现严重的并发症。结论：采用术前颈外动脉栓塞治疗脑膜瘤是安全、可行、有效的治疗方法,可使脑膜瘤的血明显减少     

富血供巨大脑膜瘤术前栓塞的临床应用

目的评价经动脉栓塞术（TAE）对巨大富血供脑膜瘤术前栓塞的临床意义。方法 32例巨大富血供脑膜瘤患者（男性18例,女性14例,年龄38～65岁,平均56.5岁）为确认肿瘤供血动脉,先经选择性血管造影（DSA）,随后又经术前TAE。全部TAE操作是采用Seldinger技术将150～300μm的聚乙烯醇（PVA）微粒或海藻酸钠（KMG）微球超选择地注入病灶血管床及供血动脉完成。对全部患者获自DSA与TAE的资料进行了回顾性分析。结果 DSA证实,在32例脑膜瘤患者的肿瘤供血动脉中,主要为颈外动脉分支供血者见于22例,颈内、外动脉供血各占50%者6例,颈内动脉供血者占90%以上者4例;脑膜瘤供血动脉大部分栓塞者15例,部分栓塞10例,未栓塞7例。在肿瘤大部分栓塞患者的切除术中,出血量明显减少,手术时间显著缩短,肿瘤易被彻底切除。未发生与栓塞操作有关的严重并发症。结论脑膜瘤术前介入栓塞能减少术中出血,降低手术难度,可作为富血供脑膜瘤切除术前的一项重要的、常规性辅助措施。     

颅内脑膜瘤的术前栓塞

笔者用冻干硬脑膜微体对６例脑膜瘤的颈外动脉供血分支进行术前栓塞，栓塞后造影５例显示肿瘤血管明显减少或消失，肿瘤染色明显变淡或消失，供血动脉闭塞，手术切除肿瘤容易，术中出血量减少５０％～６０％。笔者认为术前栓塞是手术切除脑膜瘤有效的辅助手段。     

术前选择性髂内动脉栓塞治疗骨盆肿瘤

目的：探讨术前选择性髂内动脉栓塞在骨盆肿瘤手术治疗中的价值。资料与方法：对12例骨盆肿瘤患者，采用明胶海绵作选择性髂内动脉栓塞，栓塞后平均2．7天手术。结果：本组病例中7例骶尾部肿瘤施行了双侧选择性髂内动脉栓塞，5例髂骨部肿瘤施行了单侧选择性髂内动脉栓塞。12例中11例获得了术中明显减少出血的效果，肿瘤得以彻底切除，术中失血量平均为751ml。结论：术前选择性髂内动脉栓塞对骨盆部肿瘤能明显的减少术中出血，提高手术切除率，是一种安全有效的辅助治疗手段。     

Gastrointestinal bleeding caused by angiodysplasia; one stop angiographic diagnosis and endovascular treatment by super selective embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles

Background and aims

Angiodysplasia is the most common vascular abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract GIT. Angiography, like colonoscopy, serves as both a diagnostic and a therapeutic modality for gastrointestinal bleeding. Since the development of microcatheters and new embolic materials, the role of embolization has grown as primary therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding with fewer complications reported. Microcatheters allow more selective catheterization, often enabling embolization of the offending artery at the bowel wall.The current study aims to assess the role of trans arterial embolization in treatment of GIT bleeding secondary to angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal tract using super selective embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles.

Methods

This study was carried out at the Radiology Department, Assiut University Hospitals, in the period from July 2007 to November 2009. The study included 12 consecutive patients (1 patient with upper and 11 patients with lower GI bleeding); referred from Surgical Department Assiut University and Tropical Medicine Department, Minia University, in whom active hemorrhage caused by angiodysplasia of gastrointestinal tract as shown on arteriograms underwent superselective transcatheter arterial embolization by polyvinyl alcohol particles 250–350 μm in diameter.

Results

The study included 12 consecutive patients (3 females and 9 males); (1 patient with upper and 11 patients with lower GI bleeding); in whom active hemorrhage due to angiodysplasia of gastrointestinal tract as shown on arteriograms underwent superselective transcatheter arterial embolization by polyvinyl alcohol particles 250–350 μm particles to stop the hemorrhage. Bleeding was found in the distribution of the right gastroepiploic artery in one patient, in the distribution of the superior mesenteric artery, jejunal branch in three patients, in the distribution of the inferior mesenteric artery in eight patients, sigmoidal branch (n = 2), ileocolic/anterior cecal branch (n = 3), and superior rectal branch (n = 3). One patient had a lesion in the greater curvature of the stomach. Three patients have lesions in the small intestine; all at the jejunum, eight patients had large-bowel lesions in the following distribution: cecum and proximal part of ascending colon (n = 3), sigmoid colon (n = 2), and rectum (n = 3). The cause for bleeding was angiodysplasia in all cases. Three patients had recurrent lower GI bleeding 1–24 days (mean 9 days) after initial embolization. Two of these patients had surgery, while one had a successful second embolization.

Conclusion

Superselective embolization using 250–350 μm polyvinyl alcohol particles is effectively used as the transcatheter therapy for treatment of both upper and lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding.     

Adenocarcinoma of the endolymphatic sac: imaging features and preoperative embolization

Adenocarcinoma arising from the endolymphatic sac is very rare. Its imaging features are nonspecific and the differential diagnosis involves mainly paraganglioma or aggressive meningioma. In our case, the blood supply to the tumor was identical to that found in glomus jugulotympanicum tumors and the patient benefitted from preoperative embolization.     

超选择载瘤动脉栓塞术治疗腹腔非主干动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血

目的探讨超选择载瘤动脉栓塞术治疗腹腔非主干动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血的临床疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2020年6月采用超选择栓塞治疗的腹腔内非主干动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血患者临床资料，分析止血效果及并发症，总结治疗经验。 结果21例患者均使用微导管超选择至假性动脉瘤的载瘤动脉以微弹簧圈行栓塞治疗，其中10例联合明胶海绵颗粒进行巩固栓塞。21例患者中18例患者栓塞假性动脉瘤的载瘤动脉近端血管，3例患者于假性动脉瘤载瘤动脉的远端和近端行"三明治"栓塞，技术成功率100%（21/21），初次栓塞的临床成功率81.0%（17/21），二次栓塞后总体临床成功率为85.7%（18/21）。4例患者术后有一过性轻度腹痛，1例患者发生脾脏部分梗死，予对症抗炎治疗后好转。 结论超选择载瘤动脉栓塞术治疗腹腔非主干动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血成功率高、可重复性强，是一种可供选择的治疗方法。合理选择栓塞材料可达到较好的止血效果并降低并发症的发生。     

超选择动脉栓塞技术在急性出血疾病中应用的若干问题

超选择性动脉造影与栓塞是诊断和治疗急性出血疾病的重要方法之一,具有创伤小、疗效高等优点。本文回顾超选择性动脉栓塞技术在各类出血性疾病诊疗中的应用,并对栓塞材料及操作技术等作一简要评述。     

Clinical outcome after endovascular coil embolization in elderly patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not an unusual disease in an elderly population. The clinical outcome has improved over time. It has been suggested that elderly SAH patients would benefit from endovascular aneurysm treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate technical results and clinical outcome in a series of elderly SAH-patients treated with endovascular coil embolization. Sixty-two patients ( 65 years) presenting with aneurysmal SAH underwent early endovascular coil embolization at Uppsala University Hospital between September 1996 and December 2000. In all 62 cases included in the study, endovascular coil embolization was considered the first line of treatment. Admission variables, specific information on technical success, degree of occlusion and procedural complications, and outcome figures were recorded. Clinical grade on admission was Hunt and Hess (H&H) I–II in 39%, H&H III in 27% and H&H IV–V in 34% of the patients. The proportion of posterior circulation aneurysms was 24%. Coil embolization was successfully completed in 94%. The degree of occlusion of the treated aneurysm was complete occlusion in 56%, neck remnant in 21%, residual filling in 11%, other remnant in 5% and not treated in 6%. The rate of procedural complications was 11%. Outcome after 6 months was favorable in 41%, severe disability in 36% and poor in 22%. Favorable outcome was achieved in 57% of the H&H I–II patients, 47% of the H&H III patients and 17% of the H&H IV–V patients. Endovascular aneurysm treatment can be performed in elderly patients with SAH with a high level of technical success, acceptable aneurysm occlusion results, an acceptable rate of procedural complications and fair outcome results.This study was approved by the local research ethics committee in Uppsala, Sweden (Ups Dnr 01–104)     

微导管联合微钢圈栓塞治疗经皮肾镜取石术后难止性肾出血

目的:探讨经微导管置放微钢圈栓塞治疗经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)后难止性肾出血的方法和效果。方法:回顾性分析2006～2011年接受PCNL治疗后难止性肾出血13例,采用股动脉插管,行肾动脉造影明确出血动脉后,以微导管行超选择性出血动脉内释放微钢圈栓塞治疗。结果:13例患者栓塞后48 h内肉眼血尿消失,所有病例随访6～12个月肾出血无复发,尿素氮、血肌酐正常,无治疗并发症。结论:肾动脉造影和经微导管超选择性出血动脉内释放微钢圈栓塞治疗PCNL术后难止性出血,创伤小、见效快,可最大限度保护肾功能,应作为首选治疗方法。     

经导管卵巢静脉曲张的栓塞治疗

目的 评价经导管卵巢静脉曲张栓塞治疗的临床疗效。方法 ５例年龄３０～４５负,临床表现慢性分腔腔疼痛病史２～８年,影像学检查、Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ超声提示卵巢静脉曲张,卵巢静脉造影明确卵巢静脉曲张诊断的病例,经股静脉或颈静脉途径行检查和栓塞治疗。栓塞材料为钢丝圈（４例）,无水酒精（１例）。术后随访３～１８个月,采用定期ｏｐｐｌｅｒ超声波检查。结果 本组病例栓塞治疗均获成功,技术成功率１００％,无并发症。左     

眼动脉段动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗方法探讨

目的 探讨颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗方法及技术要点.方法 回顾性分析2012年5月至2015年4月郑州大学第一附属医院采用血管内栓塞术治疗48例眼动脉段动脉瘤患者影像及临床资料、治疗效果及随访结果,探讨治疗方法及技术要点.结果 48例患者49枚动脉瘤均栓塞成功,其中单纯弹簧圈栓塞17枚(双微导管3枚),球囊辅助栓塞2枚,支架辅助栓塞28枚(Leo支架3枚,Lvis支架5枚,Enterprise支架14枚,Solatire AB支架6枚),Willis覆膜支架隔绝1枚,Pipeline密网支架植入1枚.术后即刻DSA造影显示,Raymond栓塞分级I级34枚(69％),Ⅱ级9枚(18％),Ⅲ级6枚(13％).术中发生支架内血栓形成2例.48例均达到临床治愈,出院时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分0分44例,1分2例,4分2例(该2例治疗前≥4分);出院后3个月至1年mRS评分0分46例,2分1例,4分1例,均无新发神经功能障碍及出血.20例DSA随访1～21个月,18例痊愈,1例明显好转,1例明显复发,再次手术致密栓塞.结论 血管内栓塞治疗眼动脉段动脉瘤是一种微创、安全有效的方法,选择不同栓塞技巧是保证手术成功、减少术后并发症、提高治愈率的关键.