辽宁省彰武县农村地区血清脂联素水平与脑卒中关系的病例对照研究

目的探讨农村地区人群血清脂联素(adiponectin,APN)水平及其在脑卒中发病中的作用。方法采用整群随机抽样方法对辽宁省彰武县农村人群进行脑卒中患病情况调查,并从中随机抽取脑卒中患者和健康者各120例进行病例对照研究。结果脑卒中和健康者血清APN水平比较,脑卒中患者血清APN水平(7.414±5.595)mg/L低于对照组(9.471±5.601)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑卒中组和对照组血清APN水平与是否伴高血压有关,单纯脑卒中组、脑卒中合并高血压组与无脑卒中无高血压组相比APN水平下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),单纯脑卒中组与单纯高血压组相比APN水平下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),单纯脑卒中组与脑卒中合并高血压组相比APN水平下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脑卒中危险因素的非条件Logistic回归分析显示,血清APN水平下降和收缩型高血压可能是脑卒中的独立危险因素(APN:OR=4.019,95%CI:2.092～7.722;收缩压:OR=3.864,95%CI:2.106～7.087)。血清APN水平影响因素多元逐步回归分析显示,体质指数(BMI)、...     

踝/臂血压指数与传统心血管疾病危险因素聚集关系

目的 探讨踝/臂血压指数(ABI)与传统心血管疾病危险因素间聚集关系.方法 选取广西地区2 005人作为研究人群.采用t检验比较高血压、高TC、高血糖、低HDL-C、超重和肥胖、吸烟者与相应正常人群ABI值的差异.采用Logistic回归(后剔除法,进入P值0.05,移出P值0.10)分析ABI与年龄、性别、血压、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇(HDL-C)、体质指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、吸烟等因素间的关系.结果 该组人群中超重和肥胖、低HDL-C及吸烟者与相应正常人群间ABI值差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),高血压、高TC、高血糖者与相应正常人群间ABI值差别无统计学意义(P>0.05).Logistic回归分析表明性别(OR=3.874,95%CI:1.920～7.814)、高血压(OR=1.550,95%CI:1.013～2.372)、吸烟(OR=2.018,95%CI:0.930～4.376)为低ABI(ABI<0.9)的主要危险因素;男性以年龄(OR=2.125,95%CI:0.951～4.752)、吸烟(OR=2.332,95%CI:0.981～5.545)为低ABI的主要危险因素;女性以高血压(OR=1.595,95%CI:0.962～2.643)为其危险因素.60岁以上组人群的性别(OR=4.625,95%C/:1.803～11.867)、高血压(OR=2.085,95%CI:1.205～3.608)、吸烟(OR=3.617,95%CI:1.362～9.607)为其危险因素;其中,男性以吸烟(OR=6.817,95%CI:1.558～29.829)为主要危险因素,女性以高血压(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.345～5.342)为主要危险因素.60岁以下组人群的性别(OR=3.636,95%CI:1.721～7.681)为其主要危险因素,其中男女性均无独立危险因素.结论 ABI与传统心血管疾病危险因素间存在聚集关系.女性、高血压、吸烟增加低ABI的危险.     

超敏C反应蛋白与高血压危险因素和靶器官损害的相关性研究

目的 探讨超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与原发性高血压危险因素及不同靶器官损害的关系.方法 测定216例原发性高血压患者(高血压组)和36例同期健康志愿者或因胸痛、胸闷,疑诊心脏神经官能症人院检查的患者(对照组)血清hs-CRP水平,比较原发性高血压合并不同疾病、受累靶器官的多少及不同受累靶器官之间血清hs-CRP水平的差异,并分析各变量与血清hs-CRP水平的相关性.结果 高血压组血清hs-CRP水平显著高于对照组[(1.99±0.34)mg/L比(1.10±0.26)mg/L](P＜0.01).高血压合并冠心病者与高血压合并糖尿病者血清hs-CRP水平[分别为(2.39±0.24)、(2.10±0.18)mg/L]显著高于单纯高血压者[(1.85±0.30)mg/L],高血压合并冠心病者血清hs-CRP水平高于高血压合并糖尿病者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清hs-CRP水平与靶器官损害数目呈正相关(r=0.747,P＜0.01).高血压合并不同靶器官损害者血清hs-CRP水平有差异,其中高血压合并左室肥厚者血清hs-CRP水平显著高于高血压合并颈动脉粥样硬化、肾损害及眼底病变者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高血压合并颈动脉粥样硬化者血清hs-CRP水平与高血压合并肾损害者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).逐步回归分析显示,影响血清hs-CRP水平的主要因素为左室质量指数(LVMI)、年龄和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),其中与HDL-C呈负相关.结论 原发性高血压患者血清hs-CRP水平明显高于正常人群,高血压合并不同疾病时炎性反应程度不同,高血压合并冠心病患者的hs-CRP水平显著高于高血压合并糖尿病患者.血清hs-CRP水平与靶器官损害数目呈正相关;靶器官损害不同,炎性反应程度不同.影响hs-CRP水平的主要因素为LVMI、年龄和HDL-C,其中与HDL-C呈负相关.     

老年原发性高血压合并慢性肾脏病的影响因素

目的了解老年原发性高血压(EH)患者合并慢性肾脏病(CKD)情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法收集2018年3～9月在上海金山工业区社区卫生服务中心参加≥60岁居民健康体检的829例EH患者资料,根据是否合并CKD,分为合并CKD组和非合并CKD组,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析EH并发CKD的影响因素。结果老年EH患者中蛋白尿、eGFR下降、CKD检出率分别为23.64%、13.15%、30.64%,女性eGFR下降检出率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。老年EH合并CKD和非合并CKD患者在糖尿病、超重/肥胖、高尿酸血症发生率和收缩压、舒张压、HDL-C、尿素氮、血清肌酐、血尿酸、eGFR水平及年龄方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄(OR=3.50,95%CI:2.57～4.78)、糖尿病(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.28～2.53)、收缩压≥140 mmHg(OR=2.07,95%CI:1.53～2.81)、高尿酸血症(OR=2.75,95%CI:2.00～3.78)是EH合并CKD的危险因素。结论老年原发性高血压患者的CKD患病率较高,年龄、糖尿病、血压水平、高尿酸血症是CKD的危险因素,因此需要重视CKD早期防治,控制危险因素,遏制CKD进展。     

高血压和高同型半胱氨酸与脑卒中相关性分析

目的 分析中老年人群中高血压和同型半胱氨酸与脑卒中及其亚型的关系及潜在交互作用。方法 利用中转支付脑卒中高危人群早期筛查和综合干预项目中江西省院内和社区调查数据，通过筛选匹配纳入16 326名研究对象。将研究对象分为正常组、高同型半胱氨酸组、高血压组、高血压合并高同型半胱氨酸组，建立条件logistic回归模型分析高血压、高同型半胱氨酸独立和联合作用以及两者与脑卒中的联系。结果 病例组和对照组在血压、同型半胱氨酸、血脂四项、血糖、吸烟状况、饮食习惯、运动和饮酒状况等方面的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),BMI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与正常组相比，高同型半胱氨酸组患缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中风险分别为1.93(95%CI:1.56～2.38,P<0.05)和0.76(95%CI:0.44～1.32,P>0.05)。高血压组、高血压合并高同型半胱氨酸组患缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中风险高于正常组(P<0.05)。亚组分析中，高同型半胱氨酸仅增加缺血性脑卒中患病风险[OR_男性=2.80(95%CI:2.05～3.82);OR     

高血压患者叶酸干预前后血清同型半胱氨酸水平变化的研究

目的研究高血压患者血清同型半胱氨酸(tHcy total homocyteive)水平与高血压的关系,观察口服叶酸对血压,血清Hcy水平的影响,为临床预防和治疗脑卒中提供依据。方法采用西门子(xp)化学发光免疫分析仪检测高血压患者:叶酸干预前后血清同型半胱氨酸水平变化及血压变化水平并对其进行分析。结果高血压人群中:高tHcy所占比:51.25%,男性63.41%,女性43.59%,显著高于对照组(20.08%),对照组、高血压组、高血压伴脑卒中组血清tHcy水平依次升高,差异有统计学意义,高血压患者随着危险程度的增高血清tHcy的浓度也逐渐升高。结论高血压患者tHcy水平与高血压危险分层、等级密切相关;叶酸可降低高血压人群的血清tHcy水平对血压却无明显影响;单纯降压组和加用叶酸组在8周观察期内,脑卒中不良事件发生率无统计学差异。     

正常白蛋白尿2型糖尿病患者肾小球滤过率下降的危险因素分析

目的 探讨正常白蛋白尿2型糖尿病患者肾小球滤过率(GFR)下降的危险因素方法选择2006年1月至2008年2月期间经99mTc-DTPA测定肾小球滤过率并且尿白蛋白排泄率正常的2型糖尿病患者共340例.以GFR≤60ml/[min·(1.73 m2)]为GFR的下降组,>60 ml/[min·(1.73 m2)]为对照组.应用多因素Logistic回归分析判断GFR下降的危险因素.结果 GFR下降组与对照组相比,年龄(P<0.01)、病程(P<0.05)、收缩压(P<0.01)、糖化血红蛋白(P<0.01)、总胆固醇(P<0.05)、低密度脂蛋白(P<0.01)、血尿酸(P<0.01)、尿微量白蛋白排泄率(P<0.05)、血肌酐(P<0.01)差别有统计学意义.年龄(OR=1.109,95%CI:1.075～1.143)、收缩压(OR=1.379,95%CI:1.162～1.495)、低密度脂蛋白(OR=1.829,95%CI:1.262～2.651)及血肌酐水平(OR=1.247,95%CI:1.130～1.364)是GFR下降的独立危险因素.结论 对于合并多重GFR下降危险因素的2型糖尿病患者,即使尿白蛋白正常也应进行GFR的评估.     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与高血压及冠心病相关分析

目的:探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症和高血压、冠心病的关系.方法:选择40例单纯性高血压患者,40例单纯性冠心病患者,40例冠心病合并高血压患者和40例健康体检者,测定血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)和超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitive creaction protein,HsCRP).结果:冠心病合并高血压组、单纯性冠心病组、单纯性高血压组中同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)均显著高于正常对照(P<0.05),三组中Hcy浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),冠心病合并高血压组超敏C反应蛋白(HsCRP)和正常对照比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),单纯性冠心病组、单纯性高血压组的HsCRP和正常对照组结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:Hcy是冠心病的独立危险因子之一,与高血压存在相关性.     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9及高敏C反应蛋白水平的表达和临床意义

目的 探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)的关系,并评价其临床意义.方法 选取T2DM合并CHD患者31例(T2DM合并CHD组),单纯CHD患者50例(单纯CHD组),门诊健康体检者30例(对照组).用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清MMP-9的水平,用免疫散射比浊法检测血清hs-CRP的水平.结果 T2DM合并CHD组血清MMP-9中位水平为409.62 μg/L,显著高于单纯CHD组的263.40 μg/L及对照组的(196.15±44.89)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).T2DM合并CHD组血清hs-CRP中位水平为17.20 mg/L,明显高于单纯CHD组的4.57 mg/L及对照组的(1.52±0.78)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).T2DM合并CHD组患者血清MMP-9与hs-CRP呈正相关(r=0.482,P<0.01).结论 血清MMP-9、hs-CRP与糖尿病冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展密切相关.     

原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病的影响因素分析

目的分析原发性高血压患者合并2型糖尿病的影响因素,为采取相应预防措施提供依据。方法从上海市居民高血压健康管理信息系统导出原发性高血压患者资料,按是否合并2型糖尿病分组,比较两组人口学特征、生活方式、家族史和血压等情况,采用Logistic回归模型分析高血压患者合并2型糖尿病的影响因素。结果纳入原发性高血压患者4 258例,其中高血压合并2型糖尿病患者95例,占2.23%。高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的平均收缩压及脉压差分别为(162.37±11.26)和(70.43±11.23)mmHg,均高于单纯高血压患者的(156.14±12.30)和(64.83±12.12)mmHg(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,缺乏体力活动(OR=1.767,95%CI:1.171~2.667)、超重(OR=3.085,95%CI:1.615~5.892)和肥胖(OR=2.673,95%CI:1.352~5.285)是高血压合并2型糖尿病的危险因素。结论高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的收缩压和脉压差均高于单纯高血压患者,缺乏体力活动、超重和肥胖是高血压合并2型糖尿病的危险因素。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.