九江市外出农民工HIV相关知识态度行为调查及HIV感染现状

目的了解九江市外出农民工艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染现状和艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)相关知识、态度和行为,评价不同方式的宣教效果,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法 2009年2～8月,在九江市庐山区、瑞昌市和彭泽县三个县区抽取600名外出打工的农民工,采用血清流行病学和问卷调查方法,分别对宣教前后的农民工进行调查。结果未检出HIV感染者,宣教前对于HIV/AIDS的知晓率为67.89%,宣教后的知晓率为96.98%,与临时性伴发生性关系宣教前有75.21%的人愿意使用安全套,宣教后达86.07%。三种宣教方式的效果差异没有统计学意义。结论农民工对于HIV/AIDS的知晓率并不乐观,有必要在农民工人群中进行HIV相关知识的健康教育。     

北京市顺义区男性HIV感染者/AIDS患者综合干预效果分析

目的探讨北京市顺义区艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者及艾滋病(AIDS)患者(简称HIV感染者/AIDS患者)的综合干预效果,为提高随访管理和改善其生存质量提供参考依据。方法选取现住北京市顺义区男性HIV感染者/AIDS患者作为调查对象,同时采用网络宣教、同伴持续干预结合专业心理辅导模式,综合干预6个月后,比较调查对象干预前后在AIDS知识、治疗知识及HIV相关压力方面的差异。结果经过6个月的综合干预,204名HIV感染者/AIDS患者AIDS知识基本知晓率从干预前93.14%升高至干预后98.53%,治疗知识基本知晓率从干预前81.86%升高至干预后93.63%,干预后高于干预前(P<0.01),压力得分从干预前(28.15±15.28)分下降至干预后(22.16±13.99)分,干预后低于干预前(P<0.01)。结论网络宣教、同伴持续干预结合专业心理辅导模式能够提高HIV感染者/AIDS患者相关知识知晓水平,降低HIV相关压力,有助于其积极接受和正确对待抗病毒治疗,提高身心健康水平。     

农民工艾滋病防治知识、行为及感染状况调查

目的 了解外出农民工的艾滋病(AIDS)防治知识、行为和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染状况,为制定艾滋病防治措施提供科学依据.方法 对2007年春节期间回家的外出务工人员进行艾滋病防治知识问卷调查,并采集血液检测HIV抗体.结果 2006名农民工中,97.41%听说过艾滋病,对艾滋病的传播途径回答正确率29.21%,HIV/AIDS相关知识知晓率11.57%,不安全性行为中安全套使用率较低,检出HIV感染者1例,感染率为0.5‰.结论 农民工对艾滋病防治知识的知晓仍处于较低水平.亟需对他们普及艾滋病防治知识,消除对艾滋病的恐惧和歧视,防止艾滋病向农村传播.     

艾滋病高发区HIV/AIDS患者的艾滋病相关知识和影响因素分析

目的:了解河南省艾滋病高发区HIV/AIDS患者的艾滋病相关知识知晓情况和影响因素.方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法,对当地HIV/AIDS患者进行问卷调查,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归进行统计学分析.结果:艾滋病相关知识知晓率为79.5%;多因素非条件Logisti.回归显示,年龄、文化程度是艾滋病相关知识知晓情况的主要影响因素.结论:河南省艾滋病高发区HIV/AIDS患者艾滋病相关知识的知晓率较高,年龄较高者和文化程度较低者是艾滋病相关知识宣传的重点对象.     

淮安市HIV/AIDS及其配偶行为与心理干预效果评价

目的 对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者及其配偶实施艾滋病行为干预效果进行评估.方法 对HIV/AIDS及其配偶开展行为干预,并在干预前及干预半年后各开展1次问卷调查及HIV抗体检测.结果 干预前调查77对HIV/AIDS及其配偶,干预后调查69对HIV/AIDS及其配偶,干预后,HIV/AIDS及其配偶的艾滋病知识知晓率分别由干预前的80.5％和81.82％均提高到94.20％,配偶间性行为坚持使用安全套的比例由79.20％上升到91.11％,HIV/AIDS及其配偶存在抑郁的比例分别由干预前的53.25％和42.86％下降到36.23％和26.09％.结论 行为干预对于HIV/AIDS及其配偶行为改变是有效的,能够改善心理抑郁状况,提高生活质量.     

农村外出务工人员艾滋病同伴教育近期效果的评价

目的评价在农村外出务工人员中开展艾滋病同伴教育的近期效果,为寻找防治措施提供依据。方法选取安徽省濉溪县某乡镇外出务工人员408人进行艾滋病同伴教育,通过干预前后的问卷调查,评价艾滋病同伴教育的干预效果。结果农村外出务工人员艾滋病知识来源主要是通过电视广播、宣传画、报刊杂志等途径。干预前外出务工人员对艾滋病知识的知晓率为66.3%,干预后艾滋病传播途径的知晓率为78.3%,差异有统计学意义(u=23.15,P<0.001)。除艾滋病人或感染者怀孕能传染给婴儿回答正确率外,其他问题回答正确率干预后均高于干预前,差异均有统计学意义;除是否愿意与AIDS/HIV共用劳动工具和你孩子的同学感染了艾滋病病毒,是否转校外,其他对AIDS/HIV的态度和行为均有不同程度改变,干预前后差异均有统计学意义。同时干预后拒绝婚前性行为的比例高于干预前(χ2=8.60,P=0.0351)。结论同伴教育适用于农村外出务工人员,近期效果明显。     

安乡县外出农民工艾滋病性病感染现况及相关因素研究

目的了解安乡县外出农民工人群艾滋病性病感染现况及相关因素,为制定当地艾滋病防治决策提供依据。方法利用外出农民返乡过年的时间,设计调查问卷对260名农民工进行调查,并采血检测艾滋病病毒(HIV)及性病感染情况。结果 260名农民工艾滋病防治知识知晓率为64.2%,艾滋病非歧视态度比例为35.8%,婚外性行为发生率为35.8%(93/260),婚外性行为每次均使用安全套比率为64.5%(60/93),艾滋病没有检出,性病发病率为45.2%(42/93)。性病患病与性别、文化程度、艾滋病防治知识、态度及安全套使用等有关。结论安乡县外出农民工是HIV感染的潜在高危人群,应加强健康教育,提高其艾滋病防治知识和自我保护意识,预防控制艾滋病。     

河南省农村艾滋病流行地区居民对艾滋病传播知识与态度调查

目的了解艾滋病流行地区居民对艾滋病传播途径的知晓情况,对艾滋病病人的态度以及采取预防艾滋病的措施等情况,为艾滋病防治工作提供基础资料。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方式,在河南省艾滋病高发地区随机抽取HIV感染者和AIDS患者组（HIV/AIDS组）、健康对照组进行现场调查,对调查结果进行卡方检验、分析。结果两组对艾滋病相关知识的知晓率均较高,HIV/AIDS组高于健康对照组,80%以上的人知道艾滋病是可以预防的,对通过消化道和呼吸道的途径不会传播艾滋病的知晓率在98%以上;两组被调查人员对HIV/AIDS的态度是理解和宽容的,90%以上的人认为HIV/AIDS应当受到同情、帮助和法律保护,艾滋病人有意向社会报复是犯罪行为以及在婚前性行为是不应该的认同率均在80%以上;愿意接触HIV/AIDS者或和其生活在一起的认同率较低;HIV/AIDS组的避孕率明显高于健康居民。结论河南省HIV/AIDS组人群艾滋病相关知识知晓率明显较高,农村居民艾滋病相关知识知晓率也达到了全国较高水平。     

南充市家庭为单位的流出地农民工艾滋病防治模式研究

目的探索以家庭为单位流出地农民工艾滋病干预模式,为国家制定和落实农民工艾滋病防治相关政策提供依据。方法采用配额连续抽样方法获取仪陇县柴井乡外出农民工的117人,由当地乡村医生通过电话、短信、信件开展3个月的艾滋病宣传干预,比较干预前后农民工艾滋病相关知识、态度及行为状况。结果 AIDS相关知识知晓率从干预前的48.7%提高到干预后95.1%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);商业性行为从干预前33.3%下降到到干预后的19.5%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);临时性行为从干预前22.2%下降到干预后4.9%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论以流出地乡村医生通过电话、短信等方式开展艾滋病知识宣传及行为干预模式可行有效。     

鹰潭市老年HIV/AIDS病人确诊前后相关危险行为调查

目的了解鹰潭市老年艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)确诊前后相关危险行为,为制定有针对性的防治策略提供参考依据。方法从"艾滋病防治基本信息系统"筛选2014—2016年鹰潭市50岁及以上的HIV/AIDS病例为调查对象,采用自制问卷调查基本特征、社会活动情况,确诊前、后6个月的相关危险行为和确诊后的艾滋病知识知晓及态度等情况,采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。结果共调查老年HIV/AIDS病例238例,主要以男性(68.1%)、已婚/同居(66.0%)、小学及以下(71.8%)、年收入1万～2.9万元者(45.0%)和农民(55.9%)为主,确诊后的艾滋病知识知晓率为77.3%。在配偶/固定性伴之后检出者占37.4%(89/238),其中男性18.5%(30/162),女性77.6%(59/76),男、女检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=77.21,P0.001);确诊前、后每个月有无性生活(χ2=34.22,P0.001)、发生性关系时是否坚持使用安全套(χ2=23.84,P0.001)、发生商业异性性行为(χ2=165.04,P0.001)和临时异性性行为(χ2=44.85,P0.001)差异均有统计学意义。结论老年人群艾滋病知识知晓率较低,自我防范意识较差,应加强其感染HIV的警示性教育,探索配偶告知方式,最大限度减少新发感染和二代传播。     

HIV reporting

The California debate over HIV surveillance resumed with the introduction of a bill to use coded identifiers to track HIV infections. Bill 103 is similar to another bill vetoed by Gov. Pete Wilson in 1998. Wilson favors name-based reporting. The new governor, Democrat Gray Davis, appears more open to using unique identifiers.     

HIV reporting

A special task force has recommended that Kentucky's Department of Health Services begin to track HIV cases by name. Since 1990, the State has only used patients' initials and date of birth for positive test reporting. The new recommendation will allow for more accurate accounting of HIV cases.     

HIV babies

A study conducted by researchers at the City University of New York determined that many U.S. physicians would withhold expensive medical treatments from babies born to HIV-infected mothers. Even if the baby's HIV tests were inconclusive, a substantial number of the 951 neonatologists surveyed would deny life-saving care. Study author Barbara Wolder Levin concludes that this study indicates discrimination toward both babies labeled at risk for HIV and those with HIV. Withholding care from newborns on the basis of HIV disability could be illegal under the Child Abuse Amendments of 1984 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. AIDS activists are concerned that doctors may be more reluctant than ever to provide babies with life-saving care due to pressure to control health-care costs.     

HIV reporting

The Washington State Board of Health unanimously approved the drafting of a rule requiring the use of coded identifiers, rather than names, for HIV case reporting. Physicians and labs would report the names of people who test positive to county health departments for use in epidemiological studies. The names would be encoded within 90 days, and the codes would be forwarded to the State Department of Health for tracking.     

HIV assault

A Denver man will be tried for assault after spitting and spraying mucous on a Denver police officer who arrested him following a domestic dispute. George Howard Stewart was in custody in a police car when the incident occurred. Stewart's wife warned the patrolman of her husband's HIV status, and hospital records confirmed his status two days later. The officer has since undergone post-exposure drug treatment. Stewart will be tried on second-degree assault, a felony.     

Transition from HIV control to HIV elimination in Switzerland

Purpose

This article proposes a strategy for Switzerland to change the goal from HIV control to HIV elimination. In Switzerland, HIV treatment is well organized and available for all with good access.

Methods

An important challenge that obstructs prevention is the new infections originating from people who are unaware of their status. Since the majority of new infections in Switzerland are within the group of men who have sex with men (MSM), this strategy targets MSM who do not know their HIV status and engage in risky sexual behavior.

Results

The strategy focuses on three pillars: collaboration and leadership, key actions and important indicators. To guide this effort, we proposed a task force to be responsible for leading this strategy. Its actions are centered around four aspects: learn from MSM, promote and facilitate testing, and include PrEP and PEP in the prevention package together with partner information. This article also provides important indicators that must be measured to inform the task force and to adapt or strengthen the strategy to reach the goal.

Conclusion

Reaching the right persons and offering the right “prevention package” are the key challenges for Switzerland to be among the first countries to eliminate HIV transmission.