Lymphoma of the spermatic cord: Sonographic appearance

Primary lymphoma of the spermatic cord is a rare disease accounting for about 1.6% of primary spermatic cord tumors. We hereby present a new case in which color Doppler ultrasound (US), contrast‐enhanced US, and MRI suggested a specific diagnosis that was subsequently confirmed pathologically. Color Doppler US revealed mostly hypoechoic, slighly hypervascular tissue surrounding the normal spermatic vessels, which was markedly hypervascular at contrast‐enhanced US. MRI showed diffuse infiltration by homogeneously enhancing tissue surrounding the spermatic vessels hypointense to testis on T2‐weighted images, isointense on T1‐weighed images, lacking fat tissue, with relatively high signal intensity on diffusion‐weighted images. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42 :509–512, 2014     

1例右侧睾丸旁混合型脂肪肉瘤超声表现

<正>患者男，64岁，阴囊右侧坠胀不适3月余；既往无特殊病史。查体：阴囊右侧肿大，无触痛，表面皮肤无明显异常。超声：右侧睾丸中下极25 mm×35 mm实性低回声结节，内部回声不均，边界不清(图1A),CDFI于其周边及内部见点状血流信号，阻力指数(resistance index, RI)呈低阻型；超声造影呈“快进快退”等增强模式(图1B、1C);右侧睾丸向右移位约2 cm, 另于其左外侧见29 mm×37 mm实性较均匀低回声结节，     

High-frequency color Doppler ultrasonography of the spermatic cord arteries: resistive index variation in a cohort of 51 healthy men.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the normal range of Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of spermatic cord arteries in a cohort of healthy men. METHODS: The spermatic cord arteries of 51 men were interrogated with color Doppler ultrasonography. The resistive index (RI) of each artery was measured for the entire cohort; peak systolic and end-diastolic velocity values were obtained in a smaller subgroup (n = 31). The artery with the lowest RI was labeled A; the other 2 arteries were identified as B and C. RESULTS: Three separate arteries were identified within the spermatic cord in all individuals. The median RI values for arteries A, B, and C were 0.70 (range, 0.48-0.82), 0.84 (0.67-0.90), and 0.84 (0.72-0.92), respectively. One-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the mean RIs of arteries A and B (P < .0001) and arteries A and artery C (P < .0001) but not between B and C (P = .49). Peak systolic and end-diastolic velocity values differed significantly between arteries A and B (P < .0001) and arteries A and C (P < .0001) but not between B and C (P = .31). No age effect was shown for the RI measurements of the cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler ultrasonography enables the objective quantification of Doppler measurements of arteries within the spermatic cord. Knowledge of the normal range of Doppler measurements for spermatic cord arteries that supply the testes may be a useful adjunct to the assessment of the testes.     

1例肝脏原发性去分化脂肪肉瘤超声造影表现

<正>患者女，51岁，体检发现右上腹占位2个月；既往无特殊病史。查体：腹膨隆，右上腹扪及直径约15cm质硬包块，活动度差。实验室检查未见明显异常。超声：肝右叶15cm×12cm杂乱回声肿块，形态较规则，边界不清，内部及周边见数个斑片状强回声（图1A）；超声造影见动脉期肿块呈不均匀高增强（图1B），门脉期及延迟期相强化程度逐渐减低，下份见片状无增强区（图1C）；考虑肿瘤性病变，     

Littoral cell angioma of the spleen: US and MR imaging findings

In this article, we describe the ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a littoral cell angioma of the spleen. This benign vascular neoplasm of the spleen has been described, but to our knowledge there has been no case published in the literature that describes its imaging features. Received: 26 January 1998/Accepted: 11 March 1998     

脊髓慢性压迫损伤的磁共振扩散张量成像研究

目的研究脊髓慢性压迫损伤的扩散张量成像(DTI)表现及临床应用价值。方法对32例脊髓慢性压迫损伤患者和25例健康志愿者行常规MRI和横轴面DTI,测量其表观扩散系数(ADC)值、部分各向异性(FA)值。结果32例脊髓压迫损伤患者中13例可见T2WI高信号。压迫部位ADC值增高28例,不变4例,平均ADC值明显高于正常脊髓组织。ADC值和压迫程度、临床症状严重程度呈正相关。压迫部位FA值下降15例,不变11例,增高5例,平均FA值低于正常脊髓组织。FA值和压迫程度、临床症状严重程度呈负相关。结论DTI对判断脊髓慢性压迫损伤有一定价值,ADC值敏感度最高。     

MRI和DTI评价犬急性脊髓损伤后的形态及功能改变

目的观察犬急性脊髓损伤后的形态和功能改变.方法制作犬T13脊髓左半横断损伤模型.分别于损伤前、损伤后1周行MRI和DTI(SSFSE序列扫描,b=500 s/mm2,扩散敏感梯度方向=13)检查,测量手术侧和非手术侧的ADC值及FA值,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果正常犬脊髓左、右侧的ADC值为(1.00±0.15)×103mm2/s和(1.01±0.17)×10-3mm2/s,FA值为0.59±0.11和0.60±0.08,左右两侧无明显差异.脊髓损伤后手术侧ADC值升高为(1.65±0.45)×10-3mm2/s(t=4.366,P=0.001)、FA值降低为0.30±0.17(t=-3.749,P=0.003);非手术侧无明显变化.结论DTI能对实验性脊髓损伤后的观察提供有价值的信息.     

Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma: findings of US, CT, and MR imaging

Background: To elucidate the imaging characteristics of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) on ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods: Ultrasonograms, CTs, and MR images of 18 histopathologically proven well-differentiated HCCs in 15 patients were reviewed. The findings of these images were correlated with histopathologic findings. Results: On US, seven tumors were depicted as a hyperechoic area and eight as a hypoechoic area. Three tumors were not visualized. On precontrast CT, four tumors were depicted as a low-density area, but 14 were not visualized. On conventional contrast-enhanced CT, 12 tumors were depicted as a low-density area but six were not visualized. On T1-weighted MR images, 10 tumors had high signal intensity and two had low signal intensity. Six tumors were not visualized. On T2-weighted MR images, five tumors had high signal intensity and two had low signal intensity. Eleven tumors were not visualized. Tumors with fatty change and/or clear cell formation were frequently hyperechoic on US and hyperintense on T1-weighted MR images. Conclusions: Well-differentiated HCCs show different findings on US, CT, and MR imaging. Therefore, reliable diagnosis of well-differentiated HCCs by these imaging techniques may be difficult. Received: 29 April 1998/Revision accepted: 15 July 1998     

颈髓软化扩散张量成像的初步研究

目的探讨颈髓软化扩散张量成像的可行性及临床应用价值.方法采用平面回波成像技术对12例颈髓软化患者和36例健康志愿者行扩散张量成像(DTI)检查,并测量其表观扩散系数(ADC)值、各向异性分数(FA)值、第1本征值(λ1)、第2本征值(λ2)以及第3本征值(λ3).结果 ADC图与FA图均能显示颈髓软化区之异常信号,其ADC值为(1512.44±450.16)×10-6mm2/s,FA值为(407.81±86.14)×10-3,λ1值为(2229.31±417.19)×10-6mm2/s,λ2值为(1416.01±379.05)×10-6mm2/s,λ3值为(1401.48±589.18)×10-6mm2/s,2λ1/(λ2 λ3)值为1.67±0.23.颈髓软化患者病变区的ADC、λ1、λ2、λ3值明显高于正常组(P<0.05),其FA值与2λ1/(λ2 λ3)值明显低于正常组(P<0.05),λ1与λ2、λ3值之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),λ1大于λ2与λ3.结论 DTI是一种显示颈髓软化的可靠检查手段,软化灶的各向同性扩散明显增高,其各向异性扩散明显减低.     

脊髓髓内转移性肿瘤的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断

目的分析脊髓髓内转移性肿瘤(ISCM)MRI表现及其同髓内常见肿瘤的鉴别要点,提高对脊髓内肿瘤的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析11例临床及病理证实的ISCM病例的临床与MRI资料,所有病例均行MRI平扫及增强检查。结果4例经手术病理证实,7例经临床确诊[平均发病年龄(46.4±2.8)岁],6例为多发病灶:颈、胸髓、圆锥、马尾均可多节段发生;5例为单发病灶:3例位于圆锥,1例位于颈髓,1例位于颈髓、延髓交界部。MR平扫T1WI多表现为等、低信号,T2WI多表现为不均匀高信号,增强后病灶均明显强化,可表现为斑片状、环形、斑点状及结节状强化,伴随征象包括脊髓增粗、周围水肿、脊髓空洞等。结论MRI能较好地显示ISCM的内部结构及信号特点、明确肿瘤的范围及进展情况,有助于本病的诊断及鉴别诊断,但缺乏明确特征表现,确诊需结合临床资料综合分析。     

MRI and ultrasonographic imaging of a patient with carotidynia

A patient presented with a painful, pulsating nodosity with marked tenderness on the right side of her neck. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exhibited pathological signal changes in the perivascular tissue of the carotid bifurcation area and around the external carotid artery. Similarly, Doppler sonography revealed an echo-poor wall change with outward bulging and slight narrowing of the affected vessel lumen. The clinical symptoms and our findings led to the diagnosis of carotidynia. We proposed that cervical MRI and Doppler sonography could be used for diagnosing carotidynia.     

MR imaging in assessing cardiovascular interventions and myocardial injury

Performing an MR‐guided endovascular intervention requires (1) real‐time tracking and guidance of catheters/guide wires to the target, (2) high‐resolution images of the target and its surroundings in order to define the extent of the target, (3) performing a therapeutic procedure (delivery of stent or injection of gene or cells) and (4) evaluating the outcome of the therapeutic procedure. The combination of X‐ray and MR imaging (XMR) in a single suite was designed for new interventional procedures. MR contrast media can be used to delineate myocardial infarcts and microvascular obstruction, thereby defining the target for local delivery of therapeutic agents under MR‐guidance. Iron particles, or gadolinium‐ or dysprosium‐chelates are mixed with the soluble injectates or stem cells in order to track intramyocardial delivery and distribution. Preliminary results show that genes encoded for vascular endothelial and fibroblast growth factor and cells are effective in promoting angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, perfusion and LV function. Angiogenic growth factors, genes and cells administered under MR‐guided minimally invasive catheter‐based procedures will open up new avenues in treating end‐stage ischemic heart disease. The optimum dose of the therapeutic agents, delivery devices and real‐time imaging techniques to guide the delivery are currently the subject of ongoing research. The aim of this review is to (1) provide an updated review of experiences using MR imaging to guide transcatheter therapy, (2) address the potential of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR contrast media in assessing myocardial injury at a molecular level and labeling cells and (3) illustrate the applicability of the non‐invasive MR imaging in the field of angiogenic therapies through recent clinical and experimental publications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁共振扩散张量成像对脊髓型颈椎病脊髓慢性损伤的评价

目的 评价磁共振扩散张量成像（DTI）对脊髓型颈椎病脊髓慢性损伤早期诊断的可行性。方法 采用单次激发平面回波成像（SE-EPI）序列对31例临床确诊的脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈髓常规MRI和DTI检查。测量病变处ADC值和FA值并按病变常规T2WI高信号阳性与阴性分组进行数据分析,计算常规MRI和DTI对颈髓病变检出的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）。结果所有脊髓型颈椎病患者均能完成DTI检查,后处理图像颈髓显示清晰,无明显图像变形及伪影。9例（29%）表现为颈髓病变T2WI高信号的患者均出现颈髓受压平面ADC值升高,FA值下降,平均ADC值为（1183.44±121.96）×10-6mm2/s,相应FA值为（432.56±59.97）×10-3,与正常值相比有统计学意义;22例（71%）颈髓病变T2WI高信号阴性患者中,7例（32%）病变处平均ADC值及FA较正常值无明显变化;15例（68%）颈髓受压平面ADC值升高,FA值下降,平均ADC值（1055.07±80.61）×10-6mm2/s,FA值为（501.87±41.09）×10-3,有统计学意义。检查方法的敏感度常规T2WI为29.0%,DTI为67.7%;特异度常规T2WI为71.0%,DTI为22.6%;PPV常规T2WI为27.3%,DTI为72.7%;NPV常规T2WI为75.9%,DTI为24.1%。结论 DTI较常规MRI更早期而准确地诊断脊髓型颈椎病颈髓慢性损伤,是一种显示脊髓型颈椎病颈髓病变和观察病变修复过程的有效手段。     

Postoperative recurrence of myxoid liposarcoma of left thigh with pericardial metastasis: A case report

Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is a common subtype of liposarcoma in children and adolescents and can occur anywhere in the body. Cardiac metastases from MLS are very rare. We report a rare case of postoperative recurrence of MLS in the left thigh with ectopic and metachronous pericardial metastases. Cardiac metastases from MLS are rare, the prognosis is poor, and long‐term follow‐up of patients after discharge is necessary.     

非酒精性Wernicke脑病的MRI表现

目的 探讨非酒精性Wernicke脑病的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析经临床证实的7例非酒精性Wernicke脑病的MRI影像资料.结果 病变累及双侧丘脑6例,中脑导水管周围5例,第三脑室周围4例,第四脑室周围1例,桥脑2例,小脑蚓部1例;具体表现为T1WI上呈低或等信号,T2WI上呈稍高信号,FLAIR上呈高信号,DWI上呈高信号.2例行增强扫描,未见异常强化.结论 非酒精性Wernicke脑病的MRI表现具有一定特征性,结合病史可以早期明确诊断.     

Benign endometrial adenofibroma and polyp in patients receiving tamoxifen: findings on transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging

Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is widely used to treat breast cancer, but an association has been reported between tamoxifen and the development of endometrial lesions, including endometrial carcinoma, endometrial polyps, and endometrial hyperplasia. There have also recently been a few reports on the relation between tamoxifen and adenofibroma. We present two case reports, one of a patient with a uterine adenofibroma and one of a patient with an endometrial polyp, both of whom received tamoxifen. Cases 1 and 2 are 75- and 65-year-old postmenopausal women, respectively, undergoing tamoxifen therapy. In both cases, endometrial thickening and many small cysts in the uterine cavity were revealed by transvaginal ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. Postoperative microscopic examination confirmed the mass as an adenofibroma in case 1 and as an endometrial polyp in case 2.