是否应该在非洲医学院校中教授补充替代医学？

在非洲社会,补充替代医学疗法是家庭常用的疗法。大多数非洲人使用补充替代医学疗法替代主流医学疗法。出现这一现象的原因一是因为传统,二是因为很多人从经济上无法负担常规的治疗手段。在发达国家,补充替代医学的使用不断增长,因此,这些国家的很多医学院校将补充替代医学的课程纳入了医学本科生的课程体系。而在非洲,大部分医学院校并没有向学生教授补充替代医学。基于越来越多的非洲人开始使用补充替代医学疗法,以及潜在的补充替代医学疗法与常规疗法的相互作用,医生们有必要熟知那些常用的补充替代医学疗法。要达到这一目标,建议将补充替代医学的课程纳入非洲医学院校医学本科生的授课体系。这将有助于未来的非洲医生掌握整体治疗的手段,并与国际的发展趋势接轨。     

国外补充和替代医学的发展对我国中医药事业发展的借鉴

补充与替代医学逐步被欧美等现代医学高度发达的国家认可和接受,成为西方主流医学的重要补充体系。中医学是替代医学的主要组成部分。通过分析替代与补充医学的快速发展给我国中医药事业带来的机遇,结合我国中医药发展现状,提出有利于促进中医药事业发展的途径,为我国中医药的发展提供借鉴。     

美国白宫补充替代医学政策委员会最终报告评介

补充替代医学可以定义为除主流医学外的一组医疗保健形式。介绍了补充替代医学在美国的情况和白宫补充替代医学政策委员会最终报告概要。      

译后评论：主流医学与补充医学整合的可能性和必然性

20世纪 70年代尼克松访华后 ,针灸疗法在美国及欧洲迅速得到推广应用。随后 ,整脊疗法 (ｃｈｉｒｏｐｒａｃｔｉｃｔｈｅｒａｐｙ)等也相继被推广应用 ,成为现代医学即主流医学 (ｍａｉｎｓｔｒｅａｍｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ)或称习用医学 (ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ)的补充治疗或替代治疗的方法。除针灸和整脊疗法外 ,补充医学(ｃｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ ,简称ＣＡＭ)还包括按摩 (ｍａｓｓａｇｅ)、生物反馈 (ｂｉｏｆｅｅｄｂａｃｋ)、粗维生素 (ｍｅｇａｖｉｔａｍｉｎｅｓ)、顺势疗法(ｈｏｍｅｏｐａｔｈｙ…     

48例儿童哮喘激素吸入疗法不顺从行为调查

哮喘是儿科常见病、多发病，按阶梯方案长期激素吸入疗法是治疗儿童哮喘唯一有效而安全的方法。患儿在治疗过程中的不顺从行为，可直接导致疗效差、病情反复。现对48例儿童哮喘激素吸入疗法不顺从行为进行调查分析，以提高吸入疗法的疗效。     

补充疗法与英国国家医疗卫生服务体系：不应因成本效益证据不确定而排除补充医学于综述和指南之外

20世纪初期，科学的医学成为西方医疗保健的主要模式。然而，尽管科学的医学获得成功，但人们还是在不断地寻找主流医学以外的治疗方法。在英国每年约有1／10的成年人经过补充疗法或替代医学（包括中医药和针灸疗法）诊治，而其中90％的诊治未纳人英国国家医疗卫生服务体系（NHS）的范围。     

环境烟草烟雾与儿童哮喘

支气管哮喘是儿童时期常见的慢性呼吸道疾病,环境烟草烟雾已经成为诱发儿童哮喘的主要危险因素之一,可导致发生儿童哮喘的风险上升。对于已经发展为哮喘的儿童,环境烟草烟雾会影响哮喘控制,包括加重现有哮喘症状,诱发哮喘发作,降低生活质量,影响药物治疗。在此就环境烟草烟雾暴露对儿童哮喘的影响及可能机制予以综述。     

消费者重塑医院美国医院补充与替代医学的发展历程

补充和替代医学除了在民间被逐渐接受外,还以一种出人意料的方式登上了主流医学的“大雅之堂”近年来,作为主流医学(西医)的补充或替代治疗方法,补充与替代医学(complementary andalternative medicine,CAM)在美国获得了长足发展。C A M被定义为“主流医学之外,能补充主流医学的不足并提供主流医学不能达到的诊断、治疗和预防方法”。2002年美国国家健康询问调查资料显示,36%的成年人在近一年中曾经接受过一些C A M治疗。其他研究显示,近2/3的成人至少使用过一种C AM治疗,但是大多数人并没有把这段经历告诉他们的医生。调查了解到,患者…     

48例儿童哮喘激素吸入疗法不顺从行为调查

哮喘是儿科常见病、多发病,按阶梯方案长期激素吸入疗法是治疗儿童哮喘唯一有效而安全的方法。患儿在治疗过程中的不顺从行为,可直接导致疗效差、病情反复。现对4 8例儿童哮喘激素吸入疗法不顺从行为进行调查分析,以提高吸入疗法的疗效。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　1996年至2     

儿童支气管哮喘相关危险因素分析

目的探讨儿童支气管哮喘(哮喘)的危险因素,为儿童哮喘流行病学研究提供科学依据,并制定出有效的预防措施,以减少儿童哮喘的发病率。方法采用1∶1配比的病例对照研究,选择就诊的哮喘儿童76例,年龄在0~12岁,作为病例组;而选择性别相同,年龄相差1岁以内,经诊断无呼吸道疾病及严重心脏疾病的患者。对病例组和对照组进行问卷调查,并应用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果造成儿童哮喘的危险因素主要有呼吸道感染、个人过敏史、家族哮喘史、家庭成员吸烟和婴幼儿期未补充鱼肝油;预防方法有母亲教育程度高低、婴儿期母乳喂养及婴幼儿期补充鱼肝油。结论避免和控制儿童哮喘的危险因素,提高母亲教育水平,母乳喂养和婴幼儿期给予鱼肝油,对儿童哮喘的预防和控制具有显著性意义。     

Does Use of CAM for Specific Health Problems Increase With Reduced Access to Care?

The objective of this paper was to determine predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among individuals with specific health problems. Data were derived from the 1998 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals with perceived barriers to obatining care were more likely to use any CAM treatment (OR 2.16), herbal therapy (OR 2.70) and spiritual care (OR 3.99) for a specific health problem. Individuals dissatisfied with their familys access to care were more likely to use acupuncture (OR 3.43). Dissatisfaction with quality of care was associated with increased use of spiritual therapy (OR 4.74). Perceptions of inadequate access to health care may contribute to utilization of CAM therapies; such therapies in this instance appear to be used as an alternative to mainstream medicine.     

CAM practitioners and "regular" doctors: is integration possible?

Integrated clinics have already been established in response to community demand. The growing evidence base for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and its widespread community use compels doctors to understand complementary therapies and to refer patients to CAM practitioners where appropriate. Most general practitioners have patients with chronic illness who could benefit from the services of CAM practitioners, and virtually all CAM practitioners have patients who require access to mainstream diagnosis and therapy. Collaboration requires shared respect and trust, and education. Dangers of not integrating care include delaying or depriving patients of safe and effective management, and the potential for harmful interactions. Integration is currently being supported by government initiatives such as the new MedicarePlus package, as well as by initiatives from organisations such as the Australian Medical Association, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners and the Australasian Integrative Medicine Association.     

Cancer complementary and alternative medicine research at the US national cancer institute

The United States National Cancer Institute(NCI) supports complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) research which includes different methods and practices (such as nutrition therapies) and other medical systems(such as Chinese medicine). In recent years,NCI has spent around $120 million each year on various CAM-related research projects on cancer prevention,treatment,symptom/side effect management and epidemiology.The categories of CAM research involved include nutritional therapeutics, pharmacological and biological treatments,mind-body interventions,manipulative and body based methods,alternative medical systems,exercise therapies,spiritual therapies and energy therapies on a range of types of cancer.The NCI Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine(OCCAM) supports various intramural and extramural cancer CAM research projects.Examples of these cancer CAM projects are presented and discussed.In addition,OCCAM also supports international research projects.     

Role of traditional Chinese medicine in integrative medicine

Complementary & alternative medicine (CAM) is getting more and more important in improving human health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with her thousands of years history and contributions to the health of Chinese people, definitely is vital in CAM in China. Medical sciences including CAM and mainstream medicine, with unified specific aim, could be integrated and become integrative medicine. During the integration, TCM would contribute much more in the progress with her cultural background and clinical efficacy. This paper will discuss how TCM takes part in the inte gration via her function in clinical practice.     

补充与替代疗法治疗肠易激综合征的研究进展

肠易激综合征是临床常见的功能性胃肠病之一。由于多数患者的症状经过一线药物治疗后仍不能得到较好改善，许多患者为获得更好的治疗效果，转向选择补充与替代疗法进行治疗。然而，由于研究质量和数量的限制，大部分治疗肠易激综合征的补充与替代疗法并未被相关共识和指南所推荐。本文从补充与替代疗法的分类入手，从天然产品、身心治疗、传统医药3个方面就目前国内外常用的补充与替代疗法治疗肠易激综合征的研究进行概述，以期为临床工作者和患者更好地了解和应用提供帮助。     

Integrating complementary therapies into mainstream cancer care: which way forward?

Although viewed with scepticism by the medical and scientific community, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is being used by about 50% of Australians. Integrative medicine is a holistic approach to cancer care, with some CAM of proven effectiveness being used as adjuvants to conventional medical treatments. However, there is little evidence of a systematic process of evaluation or dialogue between mainstream cancer medicine and CAM providers in Australia. Collaboration, guidance and support for relevant research in this area are needed. The key elements of a process of furthering integrative medicine include improving knowledge about CAM; addressing uncertainties about CAM efficacy and safety; improving communication about CAM between medical practitioners and patients, and between medical practitioners and CAM practitioners; introducing regulatory frameworks and credentialing of CAM practitioners; and addressing ethical issues.     

宣肺平喘、祛风解毒法治疗小儿哮喘慢性持续期伴湿疹的疗效观察

目的对宣肺平喘、祛风解毒法治疗小儿哮喘慢性持续期伴湿疹的疗效进行分析。方法资料随机选自2011年1月—2012年12月该院收治的哮喘合并湿疹患儿68例,采用数字分析法,将其平均分为两组,研究组和对照组,每组34例。给予对照组患儿吸入治疗＋抗组胺药＋外用激素治疗,给予研究组患儿吸入治疗＋中药治疗,并对两组临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果对照组采用吸入治疗＋抗组胺药＋外用激素治疗,研究组采用吸入治疗＋中药治疗;经治疗,研究组总有效率为94.12%,对照组总有效率为79.41%,研究组总有效率明显优于对照组总有效率,组间比较差异显著,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论给予哮喘合并湿疹患儿吸入治疗＋中药治疗的效果较为显著,不仅能够有效的抑制患儿并发症的发生,而且还能够缓解患儿由于西医治疗而带来的疼痛,进而提高患儿的生活质量以及治疗的有效率,值得在临床中推广和应用。     

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies for Chronic Pain

Pain afflicts over 50 million people in the US, with 30.7% US adults suffering with chronic pain. Despite advances in therapies, many patients will continue to deal with ongoing symptoms that are not fully addressed by the best conventional medicine has to offer them. The patients frequently turn to therapies outside the usual purview of conventional medicine(herbs, acupuncture, meditation, etc.) called complementary and alternative medicine(CAM). Academic and governmental groups are also starting to incorporate CAM recommendations into chronic pain management strategies. Thus, for any physician who care for patients with chronic pain, having some familiarity with these therapies—including risks and benefits—will be key to helping guide patients in making evidence-based, well informed decisions about whether or not to use such therapies. On the other hand, if a CAM therapy has evidence of both safety and efficacy then not making it available to a patientwho is suffering does not meet the need of the patient. We summarize the current evidence of a wide variety of CAM modalities that have potential for helping patients with chronic pain in this article. The triad of chronic pain symptoms, ready access to information on the internet, and growing patient empowerment suggest that CAM therapies will remain a consistent part of the healthcare of patients dealing with chronic pain.     

The model of western integrative medicine: The role of Chinese medicine

The basic concept of integrative medicine(IM) is that by combining mainstream(biomedicine) with complementary and alternative medicine(CAM), synergistic therapeutic effects can be attained.When the methods of mind/body medicine(MBM) are added to this combination,as in Western countries,a new concept emerges that drastically changes the approach toward illness. It is interesting to note that the joining of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the early days of the Peoples’ Republic of China preceded the Western model of IM by almost 50 years.Several elements that make up the key components of IM as practiced today in the West were already present in the Chinese version of IM,and Chinese medicine has played and continues to play an important role in advancing IM.However,one of the major differences between the Chinese and the Western models of IM today,besides MBM and some other treatment options,is that Western integrative medicine(WIM) strictly requires its CAM methods to be supported by scientific evidence. The therapeutic methods of IM and their applications are many and varied.However,they are most frequently employed to treat chronic medical conditions,e.g.,bronchial asthma,rheumatic disease, chronic inflammatory bowel disorder and chronic pain.Other fields in which IM may be applied are internal medicine(inflammatory bowel diseases and cardiovascular diseases),musculoskeletal disorders,oncology (chemotherapy-induced side effects),obstetrics and gynecology(dysmenorrhea,endometriosis,infertility and menopausal complaints),pediatrics,geriatrics,neurology(migraine and chronic headache),and psychiatry (anxiety and depression). The concept of WIM is discussed here in detail by reviewing its scope and implications for the practice of medicine and focusing on the role of Chinese medicine in WIM.