冷压疼痛实验范式:一种实验室疼痛诱导技术

冷压实验(the cold-pressor task/test CPT)是实验室疼痛研究手段。实验中,被试者将手掌或前臂放入冰水中,随着时间的增长,冰水会引起强度逐渐增加的疼痛感,被试者在无法继续忍受的情况下缩回手臂,实验任务就到此结束。文章从冷压实验任务的基本概念、实验仪器设计、伦理及结果测量等方面,对冷压实验进行了介绍,并为冷压疼痛实验的实施提出了一些意见和建议。     

一种保健酒对辐射的拮抗作用实验

随着人们生活水平的提高，保健食品愈来愈受到人们的青睐，各类抗辐射保健食品也应运而生。本文对“帝龙天然ＳＯＤ酒”抗辐射功能用小鼠进行了实验观察，结果表明该保健品对辐射具有明显的拮抗作用。１材料和方法１１实验材料１１１动物昆明种小鼠：１８～２２ｇ，...     

探讨临床实验室质控技术在实验实训教学中的培养

为适应各级医疗机构临床实验室不断建立和发展,加强一陆床实验室科学管理,提高检验质量,保证检验结果的准确陛越显重要。本文通过对国内各级医疗机构临床实验室质量管理状况和质控技术教学现状的分析,提出了在实验实训教学中建立临床实验室质控操作技能训练的培养模式,并对该模式的实施进行探讨。     

一种新型杀虫消毒合剂的药效实验研究

目的 应用胶束微乳技术,研制杀虫和消毒功能的神网杀虫消毒合剂,通过与目前口岸常用杀虫和消毒剂对比,验证神网杀虫消毒合剂效果.方法 采用密闭圆筒法,在口岸现场,用神网杀虫消毒合剂与雷达杀虫喷射剂比对测试杀虫效果;与泰胜消毒液对进境废纸、木托及集装箱进行喷洒测试消毒效果.结果 杀虫实验结果 表明,神网杀虫消毒合剂与0.17...     

新建辅助生殖实验室体外受精胚胎培养技术的小鼠实验评价

目的 评价新建胚胎实验室培养环境及培养体系的安全性和可靠性及操作者的技术水平。方法 将体重25～35 g成年昆明雌性小鼠40只随机分为体内受精组与体外受精组,两组均采用孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和HCG 10 IU/只为腹腔内满程进针注射促排卵。体内受精组：将注射HCG后的雌鼠与体重42～50 g成年雄鼠按1:1比例合笼后处死母鼠,收集受精卵进行体外培养;体外受精组：分别取卵、取精后开展常规体外受精,于受精后20 h观察2-细胞,30～40 h观察4-细胞,60～70 h观察8-细胞及桑葚胚,90 h后观察囊胚的数量。比较体内受精组和体外受精组内、组间卵裂率和囊胚形成率。结果 共培养观察7个批次,两组各20个周期,体内受精和体外受精组分别获得受精卵752和805个;两组的卵裂率分别为94.1%和89.4%;囊胚形成率分别为92.1%和90.3%。体内受精组的卵裂率高于体外受精组(P<0.05),两组的囊胚形成率差异未见统计学显著性。结论 该新建辅助生殖实验室体外受精胚胎培养体系的囊胚形成率符合质量要求,实验室的胚胎培养技术达到了质控标准。     

疼痛：不能一忍了之

疼痛是我们经常遇见的问题。尤其是慢性疼痛患者,剧烈疼痛如果得不到缓解,会发展成为顽固性疼痛,甚至会导致患者自杀。所以,如何让患者远离疼痛的折磨,是医学专家共同关注的问题。     

一种新型杀虫消毒合剂消毒效果的实验观察

〔目的〕利用束胶微乳技术原理,研制兼具杀虫和消毒功能的杀虫消毒合剂,并对杀虫消毒合剂进行杀菌效果评价。〔方法〕依照《消毒与灭菌效果的评价方法与标准》(GB15981-1995)要求,就所研制的杀虫消毒合剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌和乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)的消毒效果进行实验。〔结果〕该消毒剂最低有效消毒浓度为50倍,处理悬液和载体5min以上,可完全将致病菌杀灭;可将HBsAg抗原性破坏。〔结论〕该杀虫消毒合剂具有较强的杀菌消毒效果,适用于口岸检疫处理。     

一种中草药复合灭蟑粉实验效果观察

粉剂在灭蜚蠊工作中占有一定的市场 ,特别是在电器、动力机械部位 ,无法使用喷洒的场所 ,在环境条件允许的情况下 ,使用粉剂比较适宜。作者对新进入市场的一种中草药复合灭蟑粉做了生物效果和稳定性观察。1　材料和方法　复合卫生杀虫剂生物灭蟑粉 ,由安徽太和县雨彤有限责任公     

Chronic Pain and Health Care Spending: An Analysis of Longitudinal Data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

ObjectiveTo estimate average incremental health care expenditures associated with chronic pain by health care service category, expanding on prior research that focused on specific pain conditions instead of general pain, excluded low levels of pain, or did not incorporate pain duration.ConclusionsChronic pain limitations are associated with higher health care expenditures. Results underscore the substantial cost of pain to the health care system.     

肝癌TACE术中利多卡因减轻疼痛效果评价

目的　研究利多卡因在减轻肝癌TACE术中疼痛的作用 ,保证肝动脉栓塞治疗的顺利进行。方法　 114例次肝癌患者行TACE术 ,随机分组 :68例次在注入栓塞前一次性注入 2 %利多卡因 10 0mg ,另 46例次为对照组。结果　利多卡因组疼痛的发生率及平均止痛药物剂量分别为 19 1%和 16 17± 4 96mg ,对照组疼痛发生率和平均止痛药物剂量为 63 0 4%和 93 47± 14 0 4mg。结论　栓塞前注入利多卡因可明显减轻术后疼痛的发生和程度以及减少止痛药物的用量 ,促进病人的恢复 ,确保TACE术顺利进行。     

目标教学法在疼痛科护生带教中的应用效果研究

目的分析目标教学法在疼痛科护生带教中的应用效果。方法该次研究将该院实习护生作为对象,选取的疼痛科实习护生60名,实习时间是2018年1月-2019年1月。将60名护生分成两组,按带教方式的不同进行分配组别。接受常规带教方式干预的30名护生编排为对照组,进行目标教学法干预的另外30名护生设定为实验组。针对两组护生的学习效果进行分析。结果对照组护生的综合素质考核、理论成绩考核及操作成绩考核评分均差于实验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论接受目标教学法干预的实习护生的学习效果较好,综合素质考核、理论成绩考核及操作成绩考核评分均较优。     

Pain in ankylosing spondylitis- the impact of the weather

The majority of patients suffering from rheumatic diseases relate their symptoms to the weather. So far, patients with ankylosing spondylitis have not been evaluted with respect to weather-sensitivity. In the present study the impact of weather conditions on pain was investigated in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. A group of 158 patients (125 male, 33 female, aged 53 +/- 5 yrs) suffering from ankylosing spondylitis for 22 +/- 8 yrs, who presented for a spa treatment at the Gasteiner Heilstollen, were interviewed by the examining physician about their individual experiences as to the influence of certain weather conditions on pain intensity: which weather conditions are the worst? Seventy-three percent of the patients claimed that their symptoms are influenced by the weather. Forty-one patients suffer most before a change to cold and humid (25 pat.) or to humid weather (16 pat.). Forty patients feel the worst pain during cold and humid (26 pat.) or during humid (14 pat.) weather. All changes of the weather (changes to both warm as well as cold) cause a deterioration in 23 patients. Eleven patients have most severe pain before (6 pat.) or during (5 pat.) cold weather. One patient claimed warm and dry weather aggravate his symptoms. The data show that in ankylosing spondylitis the share of weather-sensitive patients is similar to other rheumatic diseases. The results confirm the clinical impact of the issue.     

Pain Assessment for Older Persons in Nursing Home Care: An Evidence-Based Practice Guideline

Up to 80% of nursing home residents are affected by pain. Pain assessment aims to determine pain intensity, quality, and course of pain to underpin diagnostic decision making. In the nursing home population, pain assessment is frequently compromised by cognitive impairment. Characteristics of the nursing home setting, such as resident's age, staff skill mix, and overall aims of the care provided, also need to be taken into account. Therefore, an interdisciplinary evidence-based clinical practice guideline for pain assessment in the nursing home setting was developed.A systematic literature search was carried out covering publications between 2003 and 2015. Thirty-nine studies were included in the preparation of this guideline, supplemented by 12 international reference guidelines. Recommendations were subjected to a structured consensus-finding process with representatives from 37 scientific and professional organizations and patient representatives. The guideline underwent independent peer review before finalization.It comprises 62 recommendations that are grouped into 4 chapters: (1) context of pain assessment in nursing home care; (2) screening; (3) focused assessment; and (4) reassessment/monitoring of pain. Main recommendations stipulate that clinicians should assess the patient's ability to provide self-report of pain when screening for pain and that each resident should be screened for the presence of pain. A focused assessment of pain, performed during rest and activities, should include pain intensity, changed behaviors, general mobility, pain history, comorbidities, and pain medication. Pain should be re-assessed at regular intervals using the same instruments that were used for the focused assessment. Guideline development demonstrated that many aspects of pain assessment in older persons have not received adequate research attention so far. Available studies predominantly possess only low levels of evidence. Therefore, research into this area needs to be systematically developed to address questions of clinical relevance to support patient care.     

高效液相色谱快速测定辣椒粉中苏丹红Ⅰ号的应用研究

目的研究高效液相色谱快速测定辣椒粉中苏丹红Ⅰ号的实际应用方法,探讨测定过程中干扰的来源及消除的方法,为提高定性定量的准确度和可靠性提供依据。方法建立该技术的应用方法,对操作参数进行优化,测定和评价方法学指标,实际检测辣椒粉中苏丹红Ⅰ号含量并进行验证,同时与国标法进行比较。结果本法标准曲线线性范围:0~100μg/m l;线性相关系数:r=0.9999;最低检出浓度为0.103μg/m l;RSD=1.03%-3.37%;平均回收率95.3%~96.7%。结论采用本文建立的高效液相色谱快速测定辣椒粉中苏丹红Ⅰ号的应用方法,避免了国标法中的一些不足之处所引起的多种干扰,较国标法操作简便,扩大了测定的线性范围,提高了定性、定量分析的准确度和可靠性,实验快速易行,实用性强。     

Pain Assessment for the Dementing Elderly (PADE): reliability and validity of a new measure

OBJECTIVES: To establish the reliability and validity of a measure to assess pain in individuals with advanced dementia. DESIGN: Sixty-five residents of long-term care facilities were assessed using a new rating tool, the Pain Assessment for the Dementing Elderly (PADE), in two separate studies: (1) Residents were assessed simultaneously by two different raters, at Time 1 and 2, to establish interrater reliability, stability, and internal consistency. (2) Validity was established by assessing the correlation between an agitation scale and the PADE; by comparing groups with pain as a significant clinical factor (as assessed by an independent rater) versus not a significant factor, and by assessing individuals receiving versus not receiving psychoactive medications. SETTING: Four different long-term care facilities, three skilled nursing facilities, and a locked dementia assisted-living facility. Participants: Twenty-five residents of long-term care facilities with advanced levels of dementia in Study 1, and 40 residents with similar level of dementia in Study 2; 42% of the total sample were rated as having significant painful conditions. Measurements: For Study 1, the PADE was administered; for Study 2, the PADE and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) were administered. RESULTS: Reliability coefficients were adequate (interrater = 0.54-0.95; stability = 0.70-0.98; and internal consistency = 0.24-0.88). Validity coefficients were likewise encouraging, with the PADE demonstrating the expected relationship with a measure of agitation. The PADE also differentiated between groups that were independently judged to suffer clinically problematic pain versus those who were not. CONCLUSION: The PADE is a reliable and valid tool to assess pain in dementing elderly residents of long-term care facilities.