中医药治疗慢性胃炎的研究进展

综述了近年来中医对慢性胃炎病因、病机及辨证分型的认识,阐述归纳了临床治疗中辨证论治、中西医结合治疗及针灸治疗的状况,提出了评价及展望。     

脑出血急性期治疗述评

本文对脑出血的现代医学及祖国传统中医学的主要治疗方法进行了总结及评价。文章介绍了现代医学脑出血急性期治疗中降低颅内压药物、控制血压药物、超早期止血药、亚低温治疗及神经保护剂的应用概况及评价,同时介绍了目前较大规模的中医药脑出血急性期临床试验研究及用药的系统评价,为脑出血急性期临床治疗提供理论依据。     

花生四烯酸的主要作用及提取方法

花生四烯酸(AA)是人体必需脂肪酸之一,具有重要的生理、药理及保健作用。作者综述了花生四烯酸的一般性状、生理代谢、药理作用及保健作用,比较了花生四烯酸的提取方法及其国内外发展动态及存在问题,并对其发展趋势作了展望。     

中医药抗艾滋病优势的科学分析与前景展望

在对艾滋病(AIDS)的发展过程、发病机制及防治对策进行概括性回顾的基础上,对近年通过各种筛选途径发现的抗艾滋病中药及其有效成分进行了总结,尤其对研究相对薄弱、难度大、前景看好的领域:蛋白质、多糖及鞣质的结构特性及可能的作用机制进行了较深入的剖析。科学地分析了中医药对AIDS的认识及治疗原理,详细论述了多靶点理论与新鸡尾酒疗法用于治疗AIDS的原理及策略,最后对人类战胜AIDS的途径进行了展望。     

人参皂苷在血液系统疾病中应用及机制研究进展

人参皂苷(ginsenosides,GS)作为天然植物人参的提取物,在血液系统疾病的治疗中得到了广泛的研究及应用。就国内外学者对GS在促进造血、阻滞细胞周期、诱导定向分化、诱导凋亡、抑制肿瘤新生血管及淋巴管、免疫调节及逆转耐药及提高对化疗药物敏感性中的相关研究现状进行综述,并对其进一步研究及临床应用作了展望。     

乌鸡化学成分的研究——Ⅰ.氨基酸含量的测定

本文对乌鸡肝、内金、肌肉组织、表皮组织等进行了氨基酸成分分析。测定了上述器官组织所含氨基酸种类及含量,并对乌鸡及白乐和鸡血清的氨基酸种类及含量作了比较。     

桔梗药材及饮片的质量标准研究

目的：研究并制定桔梗药材及饮片的质量标准。方法：采用薄层色谱法进行定性分析,对水分、总灰分及醇溶性浸出物进行测定,同时采用高效液相色谱法测定桔梗皂苷D的含量。结果：共测定了13批桔梗药材及饮片的水分、总灰分、浸出物;并以高效液相色谱法测定了药材及饮片中的桔梗皂苷D的含量。结论：制定了桔梗药材及饮片的质量控制标准,可用于桔梗药材及饮片的质量评价。     

杜仲保健食品开发现状分析

杜仲EucommiaeCortex是我国特有物种,其皮、叶、籽、花含有多种活性成分,在药品及保健食品方面极具开发价值。通过对国家特殊食品信息查询平台注册的杜仲保健食品及HimmPat专利检索平台中的国内外杜仲相关保健食品专利进行统计整理,综合分析了已批准的杜仲保健食品的保健功能、剂型、分布地区、主要原料及配伍、功效成分、食用量及安全性、不适宜人群以及国内外近20年杜仲相关专利情况,探讨了限制杜仲保健食品开发的因素,并提出了相关建议,为我国杜仲保健食品及杜仲产业发展提供思路。     

我国中药材种子丸粒化研究进展

介绍了种子丸粒化的定义、发展过程、丸粒化的类型及材料,概述了种子丸粒化机械设备、加工方式、质量标准等的研究现状,综述了我国中药材种子丸粒化的技术研究进展、市场应用及技术实践现状,同时,对中药材种子丸粒化材料的研制、机械设备的研发,丸粒化种子质量标准的制定及产业化发展进行了展望。     

贲门失迟缓症水囊扩张术后护理体会

本文简要介绍了贲门失迟缓症的病理生理及临床表现,列举了常见的辅助检查手段,重点论述了水囊扩张术前、术后及出院的护理方式及注意事项。     

“阳主阴从”理论在眼科中的应用体会

“阳主阴从”理论是指在阴阳关系中,阳气为主导,阴气以从的理论,结合《伤寒论》中的六经辨证中阳气的升降出入变化总结为升阳、补阳、开阳为核心的辨证方法为临床在眼科疾病的预防与治疗应用中提供参考,以帮助提高眼病诊治的疗效。     

Antiinflammatory,Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Effects of Crocus sativus L. and its Main Constituents

Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus), commonly known as saffron, is used as a food additive, preservative, and medicinal herb. Traditionally, it has been used as an alternative treatment for different diseases. C. sativus' medicinal effects are related to its major constituents like crocins, crocetin, and safranal. According to the literature, C. sativus and its constituents could be considered as an effective treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, coronary artery diseases, asthma, bronchitis, colds, fever, diabetes, and so on. Recently, numerous studies have reported such medicinal properties and found that the underlying mechanisms of action may be mediated by antioxidant, inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. C. sativus enhances the antioxidant capacity and acts as a free radical scavenger. As an antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory agent, it modulates inflammatory mediators, humoral immunity, and cell‐mediated immunity responses. This review highlights in vitro and animal findings regarding antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of C. sativus and its constituents. Present review found that the C. sativus and its main constituents such as safranal, crocins, and crocetin could be effective against various diseases because of their antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, and immunomodulatory effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A review on gentisic acid as a plant derived phenolic acid and metabolite of aspirin: Comprehensive pharmacology,toxicology, and some pharmaceutical aspects

Beneficial therapeutic effects of phenolic acids have been proven in various research projects including in vivo and in vitro studies. Gentisic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid that has been associated with useful effects on human health, such as antiinflammatory, antigenotoxic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and especially antioxidant activities. It is an important metabolite of aspirin and also widely distributed in plants as a secondary plant product such as Gentiana spp., Citrus spp., Vitis vinifera, Pterocarpus santalinus, Helianthus tuberosus, Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis, Olea europaea, and Sesamum indicum and in fruits such as avocados, batoko plum, kiwi fruits, apple, bitter melon, black berries, pears, and some mushrooms. This study was undertaken to review the pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetic properties as well as toxicity and pharmaceutical applications of GA.     

Investigations into the Folkloric Antimicrobial Activities of Landolphia owrrience

The folkloric antimicrobial activities of Landolphia owrrience were investigated using ether, ethylacetate and n -butanol extracts of the leaves as well as six TLC components (A–F) of the n -butanol extract. The activities of these extracts and TLC components were investigated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using the agar diffusion method. The n -butanol fraction as well as its TLC fractions showed marked antimicrobial activities against the four organisms. The n -butanol extract was active against all the organisms except B. subtilis . The TLC fractions A, D and E showed similar antimicrobial spectra and were active against E. coli, B. subtilis and C. albicans. Fractions B and F possessed similar antimicrobial spectra, showing activity against B. subtilis and C. albicans . Fractions B and F have the greatest fungicidal activity while fraction A has the greatest antibacterial activity based on the MIC results. These activities have been attributed to the presence of steroids, saponins, tannins and saponins probably as glycosides. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水仙内生真菌的分离鉴定及聚类分析

目的 分离纯化水仙根茎中的内生真菌,并进行菌群组成及其多样性分析。方法 采用表面消毒、划线法从水仙鳞茎和根中分离内生真菌,基于形态学特征和核糖体转录间隔区（ITS-rDNA）序列分析,对分离株进行分类鉴定;以内生真菌的多样性指数（H）和均匀度指数（E）为指标,分析水仙内生真菌的菌群组成及其多样性。结果 共分离到18株内生真菌,其中16株来自根部,2株来自鳞茎,分别占总分离菌株的88.89%和11.11%。PCR扩增其中14株真菌ITS-rDNA,得到大小约500 bp片段,用BLAST软件对其测序结果进行相似性比对,发现4株为青霉属Penicillium,相似性95%～99%;3株为曲霉属Aspergillus,相似性99%～100%;3株为喙枝孢属Rhinocladiella,相似性为99%;其他4株分别为木霉属Trichoderma、链格孢属Alternaria、赤霉属Gibberella和镰孢霉属Fusarium,相似性都为99%。青霉菌为水仙内生真菌优势菌属。通过构建系统发育树发现这14株内生菌明显分为2大类群,Shannon多样性指数为1.778,均匀度为0.913 7。结论 水仙内生真菌菌群组成具有一定程度的多样性和差异性。     

藏药藏锦鸡儿的基原植物与代用品考证

藏锦鸡儿作为藏药始见于公元8世纪的《四部医典》,后被《晶珠本草》和许多汉、藏医药著作收录。不同文献记载的藏锦鸡儿名称、基原等存在较大差异。通过考证相关的文献记载,对藏锦鸡儿的名称、基原植物及其代用品、药用部位等进行了整理和分析,对相关植物的形态、名称、资源分布及传统用药等进行了总结。现有文献分析表明,虽然在不同文献中藏锦鸡儿涉及10余种豆科植物,但产于青藏高原的鬼箭锦鸡儿与多数经典文献的描述一致,其红色木部心材作为藏锦鸡儿正品使用。昌都锦鸡儿和川青锦鸡儿在一定范围内可作为基原植物使用,而锦鸡儿属中的其他5种植物以及苏木等常用作藏锦鸡儿的代用品。     

Alhagi: A Plant Genus Rich in Bioactives for Pharmaceuticals

Alhagi, a plant genus from family Fabaceae, is widely distributed in many countries of Asia, Australia and Europe. Commonly known as camel thorn, Alhagi has many species famous for feed and folk medicinal uses. Different species of Alhagi such as Alhagi pseudalhagi, A. graecorum, A. sparsifolia, A. kirgisorum, A. maurorum, A. camelorum and A. persarum have been explored for their antioxidant potential and nutritive value along with various medicinal properties. A wide array of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids (alhacidin and alhacin), steroids, pseudalhagin A, phospholipids and polysaccharides have been reported from different parts of Alhagi species. A broad range of biological activities such as antioxidant, cardiovascular, anti‐ulcer, hepatoprotective, antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antinociceptive, antipyretic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐rheumatic, antibacterial and antifungal have been ascribed to different parts of Alhagi. In addition, Alhagi plants are also valued as a rich source of digestible protein and important minerals. This review focuses on the medicinal applications and detailed profile of high‐value bioactive phytochemicals along with pharmacological attributes and therapeutic potential of these multi‐purpose plants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Screening of Venezuelan Medicinal Plant Extracts for Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Activity Against Tumor Cell Lines

There are estimated to be more than 20,000 species of plants in Venezuela, of which more than 1500 are used for medicinal purposes by indigenous and local communities. Only a relatively small proportion of these have been evaluated in terms of their potential as antitumor agents. In this study, we screened 308 extracts from 102 species for cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against a panel of six tumor cell lines using a 24‐h sulphorhodamine B assay. Extracts from Clavija lancifolia, Hamelia patens, Piper san‐vicentense, Physalis cordata, Jacaranda copaia, Heliotropium indicum, and Annona squamosa were the most cytotoxic, whereas other extracts from Calotropis gigantea, Hyptis dilatata, Chromolaena odorata, Siparuna guianensis, Jacaranda obtusifolia, Tapirira guianensis, Xylopia aromatica, Protium heptaphyllum, and Piper arboreum showed the greatest cytostatic activity. These results confirm previous reports on the cytotoxic activities of the abovementioned plants as well as prompting further studies on others such as C. lancifolia and H. dilatata that have not been so extensively studied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antifungal Activity of 10 Guadeloupean Plants

Screening of the antifungal activities of ten Guadeloupean plants was undertaken to find new extracts and formulations against superficial mycoses such as onychomycosis, athlete's foot, Pityriasis versicolor, as well as the deep fungal infection Pneumocystis pneumonia. For the first time, the CMI of these plant extracts [cyclohexane, ethanol and ethanol/water (1:1, v/v)] was determined against five dermatophytes, five Candida species, Scytalidium dimidiatum, a Malassezia sp. strain and Pneumocystis carinii. Cytotoxicity tests of the most active extracts were also performed on an HaCat keratinocyte cell line. Results suggest that the extracts of Bursera simaruba, Cedrela odorata, Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Pluchea carolinensis have interesting activities and could be good candidates for developing antifungal formulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

刺五加液泡膜内在蛋白基因的克隆与表达分析

目的克隆刺五加的液泡膜内在蛋白(tonoplast intrinsic proteins,TIP)基因,并对其进行生物信息学和表达分析。方法采用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆刺五加TIP基因cDNA的全长序列。以GAPDH为内参照基因,通过RT-PCR法检测TIP基因在不同生长发育时期和器官中的表达情况。结果刺五加TIP基因cDNA的全长1 080 bp,开放阅读框长756 bp,编码251个氨基酸的蛋白,该蛋白包含TIP家族的标志性序列。刺五加的TIP蛋白具有6个跨膜螺旋,定位于液泡膜。表达分析结果显示,刺五加TIP基因在不同生长发育时期和不同器官中均有表达,但表达量具有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中盛花期的表达量最高,是最低量果实快速生长期的2.07倍;各器官中,叶片的表达量最高,是最低量根的1.73倍。结论首次分离到刺五加TIP基因的cDNA全长序列,并证实其在盛花期的叶中表达量最高,为进一步研究TIP基因对刺五加水分代谢的影响奠定基础。