Laryngeal chondroma presenting as a laryngopyocele

The abnormal dilatation of saccules in direct communication with the laryngeal lumen is termed laryngocele. A simple laryngocele is an air-filled dilatation of the saccule and is mostly asymptomatic. When the neck of the laryngocele is obstructed, the laryngocele becomes filled with mucus. If a mucus-filled laryngocele is infected, it is called a laryngopyocele. The etiology of laryngoceles is not well understood. However, there is an association between laryngoceles and carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx. The main reasons are probably obstruction and mucosal retention of the saccule, increasing intralaryngeal pressure due to airway obstruction or abnormal contraction of the involved laryngeal muscles due to tumoral spreading. We present a patient with laryngopyocele that arose because of a laryngeal chondroma     

Laryngeal electromyography

Summary Over the last 40 years sporadic reports have appeared in the otolaryngological and neurological literature describing techniques and applications of laryngeal electromyography. Despite considerable refinements in methodology and instrumentation over that time laryngeal electromyography has not been widely adopted in routine clinical practice. This paper describes a simple, reliable and reproducible technique which has been employed by the author over a 15-year period. The indications for laryngeal electromyography are reviewed and the technique currently used is briefly described with reference to alternative techniques. The usefulness of the information obtained by this examination is discussed.Presented at the First European Congress of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Cervico-Facial Surgery, Paris, 26–29 September 1988     

A "Boxer Glove" Contoured Laryngeal Amyloidosis

Laryngeal amyloidosis is uncommon and poorly understood, with limited long-term studies. Although primary localized laryngeal amyloidosis is extremely rare, it frequently involves the ventricles and the false and true vocal cords. We present a 58-year-old woman with localized laryngeal amyloidosis who presented no symptoms. On indirect laryngoscopic examination, the mass involved both arytenoids only, and had a likeness to a "boxer glove." She was treated surgically by microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia and the mass was excised using a carbon dioxide laser. We present this case and a review of literature.     

喉近全切除喉功能重建术

目的为了减少喉全切除率并重建喉功能。方法自１９９１～１９９６年作喉近全切除喉功能重建术１９例。男８例，女１１例。年龄最大７４岁，最小４０岁，平均５７．６岁。临床分期Ⅱ期２例，Ⅲ期９例，Ⅳ期８例。手术特点是：切除舌骨，保留环状软骨及一侧杓状软骨，将环状软骨前缘与舌根切缘吻合，增强了舌根对新喉口的遮盖作用，减轻了误咽。结果全部病例术后发音功能良好，多数病例误咽不重。５例拔除套管经喉呼吸。１４例新喉腔狭窄经气管造口呼吸，其中１０例气管外孔宽阔不带套管，４例仍带套管。３年生存率７８．６％（１１／１４），５年生存率７５％（３／４）。结论该术式在保存喉功能减少喉全切除率方面有一定作用。     

Laryngeal melanosis: a case report and review of the literature

We present a case with laryngeal melanosis and discuss the clinical significance of this condition. A 58-year-old male patient was referred to the otolaryngology department with a 2-month history of hoarseness. He had a history of smoking 20 cigarettes a day for 40 years. Videolaryngosgopic examination showed chronic laryngitis findings with multifocal pigmented pachydermic areas. Multiple biopsies were performed by laryngomicrosurgery. Pathological examination revealed laryngeal melanosis. As the number is not much enough, the association of laryngeal melanosis and carcinogenesis seems to be controversial. In the point of management, we have to be aware of the risks of laryngeal melanosis, such as developing neoplasm, and monitor the patients closely by periodical examinations and biopsies and advise the patients to stop smoking.     

喉黏液表皮样癌诊疗初步探讨

目的探讨喉黏液表皮样癌的临床病理特征及预后,提高对喉黏液表皮样癌的诊治水平。方法对12例原发性喉黏液表皮样癌病理学特点、临床表现、治疗和预后进行回顾性分析。本组病例共12例,占喉恶性肿瘤的0.98%,全部为男性,年龄56～74岁,平均60.2岁。声门上型9例,声门型3例,其中6例有颈淋巴结转移。分别进行了喉部分切除、喉全切除及相应的颈清扫术,全部病例均于术后1个月放疗。结果2例分别于术后2、3年死于局部复发;6例随访3～5年,均无瘤生存;4例失访,按死亡处理。结论喉黏液表皮样癌较为罕见,治疗以手术切除为主,术后辅助放疗。     

Laryngeal juvenile xanthogranuloma: Imaging finding

Laryngeal juvenile xanthogranuloma is rare and there were only four cases have been reported previously in English literature. We report a case of isolated JXG of larynx in the superglottic region. The mass was well-defined and homogeneous hypoechoic in ultrasonography while presented indistinct boundary and soft tissue density in Computed Tomography images. Radiological findings are nonspecific but could help to understand the extent of the lesion. We suggest that JXG should be considered as differential diagnosis for laryngeal stridor. Laryngeal ultrasound is safe and reliable, which could be considered a useful diagnostic tool for supplementing laryngoscopy.     

Laryngeal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: Case report and literature review

The kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is an uncommon vascular neoplasm of borderline or intermediate malignant potential in which involvement of the head and neck region is rare.     

Laryngeal chondroma: a rare neck tumor in pediatric age

Primary chondroid tumors of the larynx constitute less than 1% of all laryngeal tumors and are usually prevalent in adults. Relevant English literature presents only two pediatric laryngeal chondroma cases. In this paper, a novel pediatric case of laryngeal chondroma presenting as an external laryngeal mass is reported.     

人喉上皮细胞体外培养和冷冻保存的研究

以中晚期引产的胎儿喉上皮组织为材料，研究了喉上皮细胞的体外培养和冷冻保存。结果表明原代培养７天后肉眼可见细胞集落，１０～１４天细胞集落汇合成细胞片或细胞膜片。培养的细胞经简易梯度降温法置液氮（—１９６℃）保存，复苏后仍然具有较强的增殖能力，可供继续研究之用。实验初步解决了喉上皮取材，培养条件，冷冻保存等问题，为深入开展这方面的实验研究和建立正常喉上皮细胞株打下了基础。     

Microvessel Density and Endothelial Basement Membrane Composition in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas

In this retrospective study we morphometrically evaluated the density of small blood vessels (microvessel density; MVD) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in order to find out if the vascular density provides relevant information on the biology and prognosis of this tumor type. In addition, we investigated the composition of the endothelial basement membrane (BM) to analyze qualitatively the role of the major BM components during tumor-associated angiogenesis. For the immunohistochemical staining of the blood vessels we used the endothelial cell marker CD31 and the BM was analyzed by immunostaining for the major components collagen-IV, laminin-1 and perlecan. Beneath the normal mucosa a mean of 18 vessels/0.41 mm² was found. Invasive carcinomas showed a significant increase in blood vessel density to 36.3 vessels /0.41 mm² regardless of the degree of tumor cell differentiation. Interestingly, the highest vascular density was found beneath dysplastic, but non-invasive epithelia (45.5 vessels/0.41 mm²), particularly when associated with a strong lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltration. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant correlation between MVD and the lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. However, we did not find any significant correlation between MVD and other clinical/biological parameters. Qualitative analysis of the endothelial BM revealed an "earliest" occurrence of laminin-1 in the obviously newly formed vessels, while collagen IV and perlecan occur at more pronounced stages of vessel formation. There was, however, no prognostically relevant information available from endothelial BM analysis. In summary, at present we do not consider the MVD in SCC of the larynx to be a prognostic factor for the individual outcome of the patient.     

Galectin-8 Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objectives

Despite the ongoing development of treatment protocols for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), the patients suffering with this malady have shown only a modestly improved outcome. This poor outcome has been attributed to the lack of therapy that''s individualized to the tumor''s biological properties. Various studies have showed that galectin-8 is widely expressed in tumor tissues as well as in normal tissues, and the level of the galectin-8 expression may correlate with the malignancy of human squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of galectin-8 and to investigate its correlations with the primary stage, the nodal involvement, the clinical stage and the histologic grade of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Methods

The paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 77 patients who were diagnosed as LSCC between 1993 and 2007 were immunohistochemically stained for galectin-8.

Results

Immunohistochemical analysis showed that a strong positive expression of galectin-8 was correlated with the T-stages, the nodal stages and the clinical stages. However, the histopathologic grades were not correlated with the galectin-8 expression in LSCC.

Conclusion

The expression of galectin-8 protein can be used as a prognostic factor for patients with LSCC.