福州地区642例儿童过敏性鼻炎过敏原检测结果分析

目的 了解福州地区儿童过敏性鼻炎患者过敏原分布情况.方法 选择我院收治的福州地区儿童过敏性鼻炎患者642例,采集血清标本,采用免疫印记迹法对常见过敏原进行检测,评估患者血清IgE总体水平,进行阳性结果判断.结果 男患儿血清IgE检出率为89.81％,高于女患儿的83.63％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).566例过敏原血清IgE检测结果呈阳性,阳性率为88.16％,过敏性鼻炎患者至少对一种过敏原呈阳性,食入性和吸入性过敏原混合阳性276例,单吸入性过敏原阳性250例,单食入性过敏原阳性37例.在吸入性过敏原中尘螨组合、屋尘、蟑螂最为常见,阳性率分别为69.78％、16.82％、10.44％;食入性过敏原主要是牛奶、海鱼组合1(鳕鱼/龙虾/扇贝)、鸡蛋白,阳性率分别为16.51％、16.04％、14.33％.结论 引起儿童过敏性鼻炎不仅是单一过敏原,吸入性和食入性过敏原混合引起儿童过敏性鼻炎应引起重视.尽早检测相应过敏原,有利于早期干预和治疗儿童过敏性鼻炎.     

过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原检测方法效果评价

目的评价不同过敏原检查方法的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析医院2019年收治且行过敏原皮肤点刺试验(SPT)及血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(s IgE)检测的304例过敏性皮炎患者的临床资料,分析过敏性皮肤病过敏原的种类及分布。结果血清sIgE和SPT均检出过敏原阳性203例(66.78%);SPT检测,食入性过敏原中检出率最高的为蟹,其次分别为虾、蚌类、牛奶、蛋清;吸入性过敏原中检出率较高的为粉尘螨和户尘螨。血清sIgE检测,吸入性过敏原中以室内尘螨组合检出率最高,其次为蟑螂和艾蒿;食入过敏原中以蟹检出最多,其次为虾、海洋鱼类组合、牛奶和蛋清;两种方法检出吸入性过敏原阳性例数均明显多于食入性过敏原(P <0.05),但各类过敏原(食入性、吸入性)及总检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论两种方法均检出粉尘螨、户尘螨、蟑螂、蟹、虾为过敏性皮肤病患者的主要致敏原,且2种检测方法简单快捷,结果互补,可结合用于过敏性皮肤病的检测。     

486例患儿过敏性疾病过敏原的检测分析

目的了解儿童过敏性疾病不同年龄的过敏原状况,以期指导临床治疗。方法通过应用血清过敏原特异性IgE检测,对486例过敏性疾病儿童进行回顾分析。结果哮喘发病主要集中于学龄前和婴幼儿期,过敏性鼻炎主要发生于学龄儿童;在进行过敏原检查的各种疾病中,哮喘sIgE阳性检出率最高,其次是过敏性咳嗽和过敏性鼻炎;婴幼儿以食物过敏为主,较大年龄儿童以吸入性过敏为主,学龄前儿童两者均可发生;总的来看,吸入性过敏原以尘螨为主,食入性以牛奶、鱼虾为主;在螨sIgE阳性者中哮喘比率最高,其次是过敏性咳嗽和过敏性鼻炎。结论螨、牛奶、虾是儿童最常见过敏原。血清过敏原测定有利于了解患者的过敏状态,为制定过敏性疾病干预治疗方案提供可靠依据。     

马鞍山地区1 579例过敏性皮肤病过敏原检测结果分析

目的 分析马鞍山地区过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原检测结果,及其在不同年龄,不同季节的分布特点。方法 选取2015年1月至2017年10月就诊于安徽省马鞍山市人民医院门诊及住院治疗的1 579例过敏性皮肤病患者为研究对象,采用德国MEDIWSS公司的Allergy Screen过敏原检测系统,通过免疫印迹法检测患者血清总免疫球蛋白E（IgE）和特异性IgE（sIgE）水平,分析过敏原的分布情况。结果 1 579例患者中,sIgE阳性的患者718例（45.47%）,总IgE≥100 IU/mL的患者,其sIgE抗体阳性率高于总IgE<100 IU/mL的患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。718例sIgE阳性患者中,各年龄层患者吸入物IgE阳性率均高于食入物IgE阳性率（P<0.05）。吸入性过敏原中,排前3位的依次为户尘螨420例（58.50%）、霉菌混合物130例（18.11%）及狗毛皮屑110例（15.32%）;食入性过敏中,排前3位的依次为虾101例（14.07%）、腰果95例（13.23%）及牛奶81（11.28%）。结论 马鞍山地区过敏性皮肤病患者,主要过敏原以吸入物居多,其中户尘螨、霉菌混合物及狗毛皮屑是主要致敏物。     

致敏源特异性IgE(sIgE)在过敏性鼻炎患儿临床检测和日常预防中的应用

目的分析在过敏性鼻炎患儿的临床检测以及日常预防中,致敏源特异性IgE(sIgE)的应用价值。方法选取本院2017年7月至2018年7月收治过敏性鼻炎患儿150例作为本次研究的资料,通过酶联免疫法对血清中的吸入性sIgE与食入性sIgE进行检测并分析检测结果。结果吸入性的致敏源中检测s IgE阳性率最高为户尘螨与屋尘;食入性致敏源中检测sIgE阳性率最高为牛奶;各年龄段的患儿均以吸入性过敏多见。结论在小儿过敏性鼻炎的检测中,致敏源特异性IgE是一种有效检测的指标,在早期对患儿的sIgE进行检测并及时避免其再接触致敏源则可有效的控制病情发展,对于有效提高过敏性鼻炎患儿的生活质量上具较高的实用价值。     

阳春地区过敏性疾病患者血清过敏原检测及分析

目的:分析阳春地区过敏性疾病患者的血清过敏原检测结果。方法:选取2015年1月～2016年12月12515例经临床医学检查确诊为过敏性疾病的患者作为观察对象,所有患者均采集血样观察血清总IgE以及过敏原特异性IgE(SIgE)水平。结果:12515例患者中共发现IgE阳性10645例(85.1%),SIgE阳性5131例(41.0%)。食入性过敏原检出率从高到低的顺序为:牛奶、小麦、蛋白、鱼虾、腰果花生、牛羊肉;吸入性过敏原检出率从高至低的顺序为:粉尘、蟑螂、猫狗毛、柳絮杨絮、葎草;其中吸入性过敏患者的发生率明显高于食入性过敏原检出率(P0.05)。有2986例(23.9%)患者只对1种过敏原出现阳性反应,有1752例(14.0%)患者对两种过敏原出现阳性反应,有125例(1.0%)患者对3种过敏原出现阳性反应,有112例(0.9%)患者出现4种或以上过敏原出现阳性反应,仅对1种过敏原过敏的患者明显高于对2种及以上过敏原过敏的患者(P0.05)。结论:阳春地区过敏性疾病中食入性过敏原主要以牛奶、小麦、蛋白为主,吸入性过敏原主要以粉尘、蟑螂、猫狗毛为主,通过过敏原检查能够明确患者的发病诱因,从而为避免食入或接触过敏原提供科学依据。     

653例过敏性哮喘患者血清特异性IgE抗体检测结果分析

目的通过检测过敏性哮喘患者血清中特异性IgE抗体,确定病变过敏原,为该病预防和临床诊治提供依据。方法采用免疫印迹法定量检测过敏性哮喘患者血清中特异性IgE抗体,发现吸入性和食物性过敏原。结果 653例患者中检出过敏原者521例,血清总IgE阳性率79.8%;1种过敏原阳性者149例（22.8%）,2～4种过敏原阳性者451例（69.1%）,5种及以上过敏原阳性者53例（8.1%）;吸入性过敏原阳性248例（37.9%）,食入性过敏原阳性132例（20.2%）,二者兼有273例（41.9%）;吸入性过敏原8类,阳性率高的是蒿属植物和艾蒿花粉、尘螨和粉螨,食物性过敏原5类,依次是虾蟹、鳕鱼、黄豆和花生、牛奶、鸡蛋。结论过敏原诱导的变态反应是产生过敏性哮喘的重要原因,蒿类花粉和螨类是最常见的过敏原,病变患者呈现低龄化趋势,有明显的季节性特点。     

常见过敏性疾病患者过敏原检测结果分析

目的 了解肇庆市城区常见过敏性疾病患者中过敏原的分布特征,为临床疾病诊治和过敏原预防提供可靠的科学依据.方法 采用德国敏筛过敏原检测系统检测18种过敏原特异性IgE(slgE)和总IgE(tIgE)含量,以61名健康体检者为对照,回顾性分析334例常见过敏性疾病患者中过敏原sIgE阳性率和tIgE及其分布差异.结果 334例患者的tIgE和sIgE阳性率分别为70.06%(234例)和68.86%(230例),两项均阳性者为54.19%(181例),显著高于对照组[分别为22.95%(14例)、21.30%(13例)、9.83%(6例),P<0.01];过敏原sIgE检出率以户尘螨最高,为54.49%,屋尘次之,为42.22%.荨麻疹、特别性湿疹、过敏性鼻炎、儿童支气管哮喘这4种过敏性疾病患者血清tIgE和sIgE阳性率均分别高于正常对照组(P<0.01),荨麻疹患者中≥2种过敏原slgE阳性者占38.75%(62/160),特异性湿疹患者中≥2种过敏原sIgE阳性者占34.78%(62/160),过敏性鼻炎患者中≥2种过敏原sIgE阳性者占72.22%(62/160),儿童支气管哮喘中≥2种过敏原slgE阳性者占64.71%(33/51).结论 吸入性过敏原是肇庆市城区导致过敏性疾病最主要的过敏原,以户尘螨,屋尘和蟑螂最为常见;tIgE检测对过敏原存在与否的预测有重要参考价值;过敏原sIgE阳性的检出对过敏性疾病的预防、诊断和治疗有十分重要的意义.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the distributional characteristics of anaphylactogens in common patients with allergic diseases and provide scientific basis for its treatment and prevention in Zhaoqing. Methods U-sing the German screen allergens quantitative detection system to determinate 18 kinds of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) and total IgE (tIgE) levels. Of 61 healthy persons as control,retrospectively analyze of anaphylactogen sIgE and tIgE positive rate and their distribution difference in 334 patients with common allergic diseases. Results Three hundred and thirty-four cases of patients, total IgE and sIgE positive rates were 70.06% and 68. 86% , both were positive in 54. 19% , significantly higher than the control group (P <0. 01). With total IgE positive to predict the risk of positive sIgE detection for 78.70%. In the detection rate of allergen sIgE to household dust mites up 54.49% , 42. 22% followed by house dust, tIgE and sIgE positive rates were higher than the control group (P <0. 01) . In urticaria patients, two or more sIgE antibody positive rate was 38. 75% , two or more sIgE antibody was 34.78% , In allergic rhinitis patients, two or more sIgE antibody was 72. 22% , two or more sIgE antibody positive rate was 64.71%. Conclusions Aeroallergens are the most important allergen cause of allergic diseases, and the most common allergens are household dust mites, house dust and cockroaches in Zhaoqing City. TlgE has important reference value to predict the existence probability of allergens. Allergen sIgE positive detection has agreat significance for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.     

儿童血清特异性过敏原IgE抗体检测结果分析

目的了解儿童常见过敏性疾病与过敏原的关系及本地区的分布特点,为临床实践提供依据。方法应用欧蒙医学实验诊断股份公司的特应性过敏原（中国组合）检测试剂盒（欧蒙印迹法）对329例患儿进行吸入性和食入性过敏原特异性IgE抗体的检测。结果吸入性过敏原中以猫毛、狗上皮、屋尘、尘螨组合1为主,分别占阳性病例的31.93%、25.21%、16.81%和10.92%,反应级数（ ＋）-（ ＋＋）级;其他依次为树组合中国2（柳树、杨树、榆树）、霉菌组合1（点青霉、分支孢霉、烟曲霉、交链孢霉）、蟑螂、矮豚草、艾蒿、律草等。食入性过敏原中以海鱼组合1（鳕鱼、龙虾、扇贝）、淡水鱼组合1（鲑鱼、鲈鱼、鲤鱼）、牛奶、羊肉为主,分别占阳性病例的22.78%、18.98%、15.12%和12.65%,反应级数为（ ＋＋）-（ ＋＋＋）级,其他依次为虾、蟹、牛肉、鸡蛋白、黄豆、花生等。结论猫毛、狗上皮、屋尘、尘螨组合1是主要的儿童吸入性过敏原,海鱼组合1（鳕鱼、龙虾、扇贝）、淡水鱼组合1（鲑鱼、鲈鱼、鲤鱼）、牛奶、羊肉是主要的儿童食入性过敏原,总体上儿童吸入性过敏原阳性率高于食入性过敏原,反应强度食入性高于吸入性过敏原。儿童特异性过敏原检测的有助于过敏性疾病诊断。     

武汉市青山区过敏性鼻炎患者血清总IgE及特异性IgE研究

目的:探讨血清总IgE和吸入性过敏原及食物性过敏原导致的特异性IgE在过敏性鼻炎中的意义。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对98例过敏性鼻炎病人进行了血清总IgE及特异性IgE的检测。结果:98例过敏性鼻炎患者中有92例总IgE为阳性,阳性率为(93.9%);在特异性IgE的检测中,有78例在所监测的12项过敏原中至少有一项出现阳性反应,总阳性率为79.6%。在吸入性过敏原中,以尘螨、粉螨的阳性率最高(40.8%)。在食物中以蟹、虾的阳性率最高(26.5%)。结论:吸入性过敏原及食物性过敏原诱发的变态反应在过敏性鼻炎的发病中起一定的作用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.