眼表面干涉仪对睑板腺功能障碍诊断价值的临床观察

目的：探讨眼表面干涉仪在睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)辅助诊断中的意义。

方法：前瞻性病例对照研究。选取2017-10/11在北京大学第三医院就诊的62例MGD患者和38例健康志愿者作为研究对象。所有入组人员均按规定顺序,进行眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷调查、裂隙灯眼前节检查、眼表面干涉仪检查及泪膜破裂时间(BUT)检测。用独立样本t检验和卡方检验分别比较两组受试者检查结果,并用Spearman相关分析法观察MGD组指标间的相关性。

结果：两组受试者中均有眼睑缘形态改变者,且病变形态各异。MGD组OSDI评分、睑板腺排出能力评分、睑板腺缺失评分均明显升高(P<0.05),平均泪膜脂质层厚度明显降低(P<0.05)。两组间BUT、不完全瞬目时间比例、睑板腺开口评分和睑板腺分泌物性质评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MGD患者平均泪膜脂质层厚度与OSDI评分、睑板腺开口评分及睑板腺缺失评分均呈负相关(r_s=-0.730,P<0.01; r_s=-0.639,P<0.01; r_s=-4.15,P=0.001),与BUT呈正比,与睑板腺排出能力和分泌物性质的评分均呈反比,但均无明显相关性。OSDI评分与睑板腺缺失评分呈正相关(r_s=0.790,P<0.01)。

结论：MGD症状和体征与眼表面干涉仪检测的泪膜脂质层厚度、睑板腺缺失显著相关,眼表面干涉仪可快速、无创、客观地诊断MGD并评估病情发展的阶段。     

睑板腺管按摩联合药物治疗睑板腺功能障碍的临床疗效

目的：研究睑板腺管按摩联合药物治疗睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)的效果。

方法：选取2014-12/2016-12在我院进行治疗的MGD患者100例189眼,随机将患者分为对照组和观察组。对照组患者进行常规药物治疗,观察组患者在常规药物治疗的基础上给予睑板腺按摩。观察并比较两组患者临床疗效,以及治疗前和治疗后1wk,1、3mo患者的主观症状、泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌试验、眼表疾病指数、角膜染色评分情况。

结果：观察组患者临床总有效率为93.6%,显著高于对照组患者(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后主观症状、眼表疾病指数、角膜染色评分较治疗前下降,泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌试验值较治疗前上升(P<0.05)。观察组患者主观症状、眼表疾病指数、角膜染色评分下降幅度及泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌试验值上升幅度大于对照组患者(P<0.05)。

结论：睑板腺管按摩联合药物治疗可提高MGD的临床疗效。     

术前睑板腺理疗对睑板腺功能障碍患者白内障术后眼表的影响

目的：研究睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)患者术前行睑板腺理疗对白内障术后眼表的影响。

方法：采用前瞻性病例对照研究。选取我院2017-09/2018-07合并有MGD的白内障患者76例76眼,按照随机分组法分为两组,试验组术前1wk给予眼睑热敷、睑板腺按摩治疗(在院内进行一次全套治疗后,嘱患者每晚进行家庭热敷+睑板腺按摩治疗一次),对照组不给予任何治疗。两组患者均行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。术前(试验组为行睑板腺理疗前)、术后1wk,1mo行眼表综合分析仪检查非侵入性泪膜破裂时间(NITBUT)、泪河高度(TMH)等,LipiView检查脂质层厚度(LLT),并使用眼表疾病指数量表(OSDI)进行问卷调查。

结果：两组患者手术前后NITBUT、TMH、OSDI比较有差异(P<0.05); 试验组及对照组术后1wk, 1mo NITBUT均较术前有明显降低(P<0.05),其中对照组术后1wk,1mo NITBUT较试验组降低更为明显(P<0.05)。试验组TMH术后1wk较术前明显降低(P<0.05),术后1wk基本恢复到术前水平(P>0.05)。试验组及对照组术后1wk,1mo OSDI均较术前有明显升高(P<0.05),其中对照组术后1wk,1mo OSDI较试验组升高更为明显(P<0.05)。

结论：白内障超声乳化手术可破坏MGD患者的睑板腺功能及眼表状态,而术前行睑板腺理疗可以显著改善白内障术后MGD患者的眼表状态,并提高患者的满意度。     

白内障超声乳化摘除术对睑板腺功能的影响

目的：评估白内障超声乳化摘除手术对睑板腺功能的影响,并探讨其对眼表的潜在影响。

方法：采取前瞻性自身对照研究。选取患有年龄相关性白内障的睑板腺功能障碍患者56例56眼,分别于术前1d,术后2wk,1、3mo进行眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index,OSDI)问卷评分、睑板腺积分、睑缘形态评分、基础泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)的评估。

结果：手术前后,SⅠt试验差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 而OSDI评分、睑板腺积分、睑缘形态评分、BUT均较术前有明显变化,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后2wk,1、3mo OSDI评分、睑板腺积分、睑缘形态评分均较术前1d明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05); 术后2wk,1、3mo BUT均较术前1d明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：白内障手术可能加重睑板腺功能障碍。     

蠕形螨对睑板腺功能障碍患者眼表功能影响

目的：探究蠕形螨感染对睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)患者眼表功能的影响作用。

方法：选取2018-04/09南方医科大学附属珠江医院眼科门诊MGD患者94例94眼,入组患者检查以下指标：眼表疾病指数(OSDI)、Schirmer I试验(SⅠt)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光染色(FL)、泪河高度、上睑板腺缺失评分、下睑板腺缺失评分、睑板腺缺失总评分、蠕形螨计数,对比蠕形螨检出阳性组和阴性组以上指标有无差异并分析蠕形螨检出阳性组蠕形螨计数与以上指标相关性。

结果： MGD患者94眼中54眼蠕形螨阳性,检出阳性率57%,与年龄无明显相关,男性中检出率高于女性。蠕形螨检出阳性组上睑板腺缺失评分及睑板腺缺失总评分高于蠕形螨检出阴性组\〖2.00(1.00, 2.00)vs 1.00(1.00, 1.50)分,P=0.02; 3.00(2.00, 4.00)vs 2.00(1.00, 3.00)分,P=0.04\〗,OSDI、S I t、BUT、FL、下睑板腺缺失评分无差异(P>0.05)。蠕形螨检出阳性的MGD患者中蠕形螨计数与上睑板腺缺失分级评分(r_s=0.37,P=0.03)、睑板腺缺失总评分(r_s=0.44,P=0.01)呈正相关,与其他检查指标无明显相关性。

结论：蠕形螨在睑板腺功能障碍患者眼表功能有一定影响作用,与睑板腺缺失呈正相关,蠕形螨感染数量增加,睑板腺缺失加重,进而加重眼部不适症状。     

不同方法治疗中重度睑板腺功能障碍性干眼的疗效

目的：分析不同方法治疗中重度睑板腺功能障碍性干眼的临床效果。

方法：回顾性病例研究。选取2020-03/2021-09在西安国际医学中心医院眼科门诊就诊的睑板腺功能障碍性干眼患者72例144眼,根据睑板腺缺失面积占比分为中度组(1/3<睑板腺缺失<2/3,37例74眼)和重度组(睑板腺缺失≥2/3,35例70眼),根据治疗方法不同分为A组(睑板腺熏蒸按摩治疗)和B组(睑板腺熏蒸按摩联合强脉冲光治疗)。分别于治疗前、治疗后1mo进行眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷评分,检测非侵入性泪河高度(NITMH)和非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间(NIBUTav),并进行眼红分析。

结果：与治疗前比较,治疗后1mo A组和B组患者OSDI评分均显著降低,NIBUTav及眼红分析结果均显著改善(P<0.001),而NITMH均无显著变化(P>0.05); 中度组患者中A组和B组患者OSDI评分均显著降低,NIBUTav及眼红分析结果均显著改善(P<0.01),而NITMH均无显著变化(P>0.05); 重度组患者中,A组患者NIBUTav显著改善(P<0.001),其余各观察指标均无显著变化(P>0.05),而B组患者OSDI评分明显降低,NIBUTav和眼红分析结果显著改善(P<0.001),但NITMH无显著变化(P>0.05)。

结论：两种治疗方法治疗中度睑板腺功能障碍性干眼均有效,但重度睑板腺功能障碍性干眼需在睑板腺熏蒸按摩基础上联合强脉冲光治疗。     

白内障超声乳化术前睑板腺按摩对合并睑板腺功能障碍患者术后眼表的影响

目的：：探讨合并有睑板腺功能障碍( Meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)的白内障患者在术前行睑板腺按摩对术后眼表的影响。方法：选取合并MGD的白内障患者90例93眼,随机分为两组,试验组在术前1 wk每天行眼睑部热敷及睑板腺按摩,对照组不采取措施。两组患者均行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。分别于术前、术后1 wk进行裂隙灯显微镜检查,记录并比较两组的睑缘形态评分、睑板腺分泌物评分、泪液分泌试验( Schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠt)、泪膜破裂时间( break-up time,BUT)结果。结果：与术前相比,对照组的睑缘形态评分、睑板腺分泌物评分显著提高,BUT和SⅠt显著下降。而试验组的术后睑缘形态评分、睑板腺分泌物评分、BUT和SⅠt均较对照组显著改善(P<0.05)。结论：超声乳化手术可以加重合并MGD患者的睑板腺功能,破坏眼表状态,而术前行睑板腺按摩可以显著改善白内障术后MGD患者的眼表状态。     

强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩与眼睑熏蒸按摩治疗MGD相关干眼的疗效对比

目的：观察对比强脉冲光(IPL)联合睑板腺按摩与眼睑熏蒸按摩对睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)相关干眼的治疗效果。

方法：本研究为前瞻性随机对照临床试验。选取2018-03/08在西安市第四医院干眼门诊就诊的73例146眼MGD相关干眼患者,试验组38例76眼,给予IPL联合睑板腺按摩治疗(每3wk 1次,共3次)。对照组35例70眼给予眼睑熏蒸联合睑板腺按摩治疗(每天熏蒸、清洗睑缘,连续5d,第5d进行睑板腺按摩,间隔2wk后再次重复治疗,共3次)。本研究时间共12wk,记录首次治疗前及首次治疗后1、4、7、12wk时患者的眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评估、标准干眼评估问卷(SPEED)、非侵入泪膜破裂时间(NITBUT)、非侵入泪河高度测量(NITMH)、睑板腺缺失积分(MGS)、睑板腺分泌物评估(MGYSS)等数据,评估两种治疗方法的有效性及二者的疗效对比。

结果：两组间性别、年龄无差异(P>0.05)。两组治疗前各观察指标无差异(P>0.05); 两组治疗后各时间点除NITMH、MGS外各项指标均较治疗前有明显改善(P<0.05)。试验组在治疗后1wk时各项指标与对照组无差异(P>0.05); 试验组在治疗后4、7、12wk时,除NITMH、MGS外均优于对照组(P<0.05)。从指标变化趋势上看,试验组于首次治疗后疗效指标持续好转,于第12wk时疗效最佳,而对照组于首次治疗后第7wk疗效最佳,之后疗效减弱。治疗后两组均未见明显并发症。

结论：强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩及眼睑熏蒸按摩两种治疗方式均对MGD相关干眼治疗方便、安全、有效,且强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩疗效及维持时间优于眼睑熏蒸按摩治疗。     

睑板腺热脉动系统与热敷疗法治疗睑板腺功能障碍的疗效比较

目的：对比分析LipiFlow睑板腺热脉动系统与传统的热敷疗法(warm compress)对睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)患者治疗的有效性及安全性。

方法：选取MGD患者50例,随机分为试验组及对照组。试验组进行单独一次LipiFlow睑板腺热脉动系统治疗; 对照组受试者每日在医生指导下使用热敷眼罩热敷治疗15min,每天1次,共2wk。对两组受试者在治疗前、治疗后4、8、12wk进行包括主观症状、泪膜破裂时间(TBUT)、脂质层厚度(LLT)、睑板腺缺失情况等8项指标的评估。采用重复测量数据的方差分析对两组的组间差异性及时间差异性进行分析。若两组存在组间差异性,进一步采用独立样本t检验; 若组内存在时间差异性,则采用LSD-t检验分析。

结果：两组受试者眼表疾病主观症状评分、睑板腺分泌物性状、Schirmer试验的改变差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后第12wk,试验组与对照组在OSDI、MGYSS、LLT、眼表染色评分、TBUT这些方面,改善程度的差值也具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。安全性方面,两组均未出现严重并发症或者不良医疗事件。

结论：单独一次睑板腺热脉动系统疗法和热敷疗法均能够有效且安全地治疗MGD。前者的疗效优于后者。     

睑板腺功能障碍与睡眠质量的相关性研究

目的:研究睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)与睡眠质量之间的相关性。方法:回顾性病例对照研究。选取2021-01/2022-10我院收治的MGD患者150例,根据匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表评分分为睡眠障碍组(75例,PSQI>10分)和对照组(75例,PSQI≤10分),均进行眼表疾病指数量表(OSDI)评分和睑板腺相关检查(睑缘形态、睑板腺分泌能力、睑板腺分泌物性质评分)、角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分、基础泪液分泌试验(SⅠt),检测泪膜破裂时间(BUT),评估睡眠指标(睡眠质量、睡眠潜伏期、主观睡眠质量、睡眠时间)。结果:两组患者OSDI评分、FL评分、SⅠt、BUT、睑缘形态评分、睑板腺分泌能力评分、睑板腺分泌物性质评分均有差异(P<0.05)。睡眠障碍组患者PSQI评分、睡眠潜伏期评分、主观睡眠质量评分、睡眠时间评分与OSDI评分、FL评分、睑板腺分泌能力评分和睑板腺分泌物性质评分均呈显著正相关性(P<0.05);PSQI评分、主观睡眠质量评分、睡眠时间评分与睑缘形态评分均呈显著正相关性(P<0.05);PSQI评分、睡眠潜伏期评分、主观睡眠质量评分与BUT...     

Meibomian gland dysfunction. III. Meibomian gland lipids

The lipid components of meibomian gland excreta were evaluated in rabbits after they received 2% topical epinephrine dropped into their eyes daily for a period of 6 months to a year to induce meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Changes were compared to excreta obtained from seven age-matched, untreated control rabbits. Comparison of the lipids from MGD lids with lipids obtained from control rabbits revealed, for clinically evident MGD, a marked increase in the lipids that are uniquely characteristic of epidermal tissue. These epidermal lipids are free sterols (large amounts) and a group of seven types of ceramides. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the initiating factor of rabbit MGD is hyperkeratinization of the ductal epithelia. For clinically apparent MGD some hydrolysis of the sterol esters of the meibomian gland lipids also seems to have occurred. This was evidenced by the formation of an 8-fold increase in a cluster of anteiso fatty acids with chain lengths longer than C20 in the free fatty acid fraction. This group of free fatty acids was the same as the acids esterified to the sterol esters. We could detect no change in the lipid excreta obtained from rabbits that developed only subclinical MGD, consisting of orifice plugging and dilation of the duct.     

Meibomian gland dysfunction

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a chronic disease, usually caused by obstruction of the secretory Meibomian glands. The subsequent reduction of gland secretion results in a decreased amount of lipids in the tear film. This results in a faster evaporation of the tear film and thus an evaporative dry eye. MGD alone is responsible for about 60% of all cases in combination with aqueous deficiency for a further 20% of dry eyes. While in Europe up to 20% of the population are suffering from MDD, this is true in Asia for over 60% of the population. MGD is more common in women and it incidence increases with age. It is influenced by the hormonal status as well as chemical and mechanical noxious stimuli. Additional risk factors include various skin diseases such as rosacea, acne or atopy. To diagnose MGD, particular attention should be paid to changes in the lid margin such as plugging or pouting of the ducts, thickening and telangiectasia. However, most important is the diagnostic expression of the glands. At first it should be assessed whether secretion can be caused by pressure to the eyelid against the globe and secondly the quality of the expressed secretions should be evaluated. MGD should be treated according to the severity of the disease. While in mild stages instructions for lid margin hygiene, warming and massage in combination with artificial tears might be sufficient, in more severe stages oral tetracyclin derivatives and anti-inflammatory eye drops such as steroids or CSA are necessary for successful treatment.     

睑板腺功能障碍患者IntraLase-LASIK术前睑板腺处理的临床观察

目的：：观察睑板腺功能障碍患者术前行睑板腺处理对飞秒激光制瓣膜的准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术( IntraLase-LASIK)术后眼表炎症反应和泪膜状态的改变。方法：选取2014-03/09来我院屈光门诊就诊拟行IntraLase-LASIK术并有不同程度睑板腺功能障碍的患者35例70眼。随机数字法将患者分为两组：观察组17例34眼术前给予睑板腺的特殊处理,对照组18例36眼术前不进行睑板腺处理,两组其余操作相同。观察IntraLase-LASIK术后1 d和1 wk眼球结膜充血、畏光、干涩感评分及泪膜破裂时间( tear break-up time,BUT)的变化。结果：术后1 d和1 wk观察组的球结膜充血、畏光、干涩感评分及BUT均低于对照组( P<0.05)。结论：睑板腺功能障碍的患者术前睑板腺处理可以减轻术后的眼表刺激症状,对泪膜起到一定的稳定作用,提高患者术后的满意度。     

Prevalence of Meibomian gland dysfunction

This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and to determine which patient profile factors might be associated with the syndrome. Patients were randomly selected, apparently normal patients presenting for routine vision examinations. Of the 398 patients for whom Meibomian gland expression was performed and a detailed history obtained, 155 patients or 38.9% exhibited MGD based on the principal clinical criterion of an absent or cloudy Meibomian gland secretion upon expression. Patient profile factors of gender, age, allergy occurrence, and contact lens wear were analyzed for correlation with MGD. Age was found to be the only significant correlating factor (positive correlation, p less than 0.0001).     

Meibomian gland adenocarcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis

Meibomian gland carcinoma of the eyelid is a common neoplasm which clinically simulates a benign condition of chalazion. Although growing slowly, metastasis to regional lymph nodes is frequent, at a rate of 17-28% in this country. Eleven (11) cases of Meibomian gland carcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis are reported, and the therapeutic modalities have been tailored to suit the individual cases, including full-thickness local excision, orbital exenteration, radical cervical dissection, and superficial parotidectomy.     

Meibomian gland loss due to trabeculectomy

Purpose

To evaluate meibomian gland loss after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC).

Methods

This cross-sectional observational case study involved 55 eyes in 39 patients who had undergone trabeculectomy with MMC administered to the upper area of the eye. We used a mobile pen-shaped noncontact meibography system to access the morphology and determine loss of the meibomian glands. Meibomian gland loss was scored (meiboscore) from grade 0 (no loss of the meibomian glands) through grade 3 (loss of more than two-thirds of the total area) in the bleb-contacting and bleb-noncontacting upper eyelid areas in the primary position and in the lower eyelid. The tear film breakup time (BUT) was also measured.

Results

The median duration from trabeculectomy to examination was 7.4 years (interquartile range 3.1–14.2). The meiboscores of the bleb-contacting upper eyelid areas were significantly higher than those for the bleb-noncontacting upper eyelid areas (P < 0.001). The meiboscores for both the bleb-contacting and the bleb-noncontacting upper eyelid areas were significantly higher when the bleb was avascular (P = 0.011 and P = 0.008, respectively). The meiboscores of the bleb-contacting and bleb-noncontacting upper eyelid areas showed a significant negative correlation with the BUT (r = ?0.330, P = 0.014 and r = ?0.296, P = 0.028, respectively).

Conclusion

Blebs that occur after trabeculectomy with MMC may be the cause of meibomian gland loss, particularly when the bleb is avascular. The presence of an avascular bleb warrants extra vigilance for decreased meibomian gland secretions because this decrease can lead to tear dysfunction and ocular surface damage, including bleb-wall damage.     

Meibomian gland dysfunction in chronic blepharitis

We examined 57 patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis using meibomian gland expression, meibography, tear osmolarity, and the Schirmer's test. We also performed meibography on 20 normal patients free of chronic blepharitis. We found that 42 blepharitis patients (74%) had evidence of meibomian gland loss, whereas only four of 20 normal patients (20%) had any gland dropout. We performed cluster analysis on the data from the patients with blepharitis and found that these patients tended to fall into distinct groups with clinically relevant characteristics. We also found that tear osmolarity correlated positively with gland dropout (+0.413) and negatively with excreta volume (-0.499). This study demonstrates that an objective analysis of meibomian gland function may be used to assess chronic blepharitis and define subsets of blepharitis with measurable differences. It also supports the significance of meibomian gland dysfunction on tear osmolarity and the evaporative state of the eye.     

蠕形螨感染致睑板腺功能障碍的临床研究

目的：分析蠕形螨相关性睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)患者的临床情况及综合治疗对蠕形螨感染状态的影响。

方法：前瞻性病例对照研究。选取2016-01/2017-06在沈阳何氏眼科医院门诊就诊的MGD患者132例264眼(试验组)及基本资料相匹配的健康志愿者96例192眼(对照组)。试验组患者进行综合治疗。两组受检者均进行睫毛采样镜检蠕形螨感染情况,并进行泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、Schirmer Ⅰ试验(SⅠt)、角膜荧光染色(FL)评分检查; 试验组患者同时进行主观症状评分检查。

结果：治疗前,试验组和对照组受检者蠕形螨感染数量分别为7(6,9)、2(1,3)个/眼,差异有统计学意义(Z=5.264,P<0.01); 蠕形螨阳性率分别为100.0%和28.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=35.957,P<0.01); BUT分别为4.06±1.38、12.00±2.82s,FL评分分别为3.06±1.57、0.46±0.63分,SⅠt分别为6.93±2.08、11.13±2.38mm/5min,差异均有统计学意义(t=-9.825、5.978、-4.776,均P<0.01)。治疗前和治疗后4wk,试验组患者主观症状评分分别为6.57±2.93、3.27±1.89分,差异有统计学意义(t=5.443,P<0.01)。治疗后4wk,试验组患者蠕形螨阳性率为57.6%; 蠕形螨数量平均为3(0,5)个/眼,较治疗前明显减少(Z=3.937,P<0.01); BUT、FL评分分别为6.53±3.27s、1.67±0.54分,均较治疗前好转,差异有统计学意义(t=5.152、4.328,均P<0.01),而SⅠt(8.37±5.34mm/5min)较治疗前无明显改变,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.285,P=0.748)。

结论：蠕形螨感染可引起MGD,产生相应的临床症状。综合治疗能降低眼部蠕形螨寄生数量,有效缓解蠕形螨相关性MGD的临床症状。