复方枇杷喷托维林颗粒中甘草酸质量标准的建立

摘 要 目的：建立复方枇杷喷托维林颗粒中甘草酸的鉴别和含量测定方法。方法: 采用薄层色谱对甘草酸进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相法测定甘草酸含量,使用Techmate C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;流动相为甲醇 0.2 mol·L-1醋酸铵 冰醋酸（60〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗39〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗1）;流速：1.0 ml·min-1;检测波长：250 nm,柱温：35℃;进样量：20 μl。结果: 薄层鉴别斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。在选定的色谱条件下,甘草酸在0.01～1.01 g·L-1的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=1.000 0,平均加样回收率103.2%,RSD=1.8%（n=9）。结论: 本方法简便、准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

强力枇杷露质量标准的提高和优化

摘 要 目的：优化和提高强力枇杷露的质量标准。方法: 删去原质量标准中的化学反应,应用TLC法对处方中的罂粟壳、枇杷叶和桔梗进行鉴别;用HPLC法测定来源于罂粟壳的吗啡和磷酸可待因的含量。吗啡含量测定色谱条件为：色谱柱：Inertsil ODS 3（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈 0.01 mol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠溶液与0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液的等量混合液（用10%磷酸溶液调节pH至2.8）（13∶〖KG-*2〗87）,检测波长：220 nm,柱温：30 ℃,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;磷酸可待因含量测定色谱条件为：色谱柱：Inertsil ODS 3（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈 0.01 mol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠溶液与0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液的等量混合液（用10%磷酸溶液调节pH至2.8）（15∶〖KG-*2〗85）,检测波长：220 nm,柱温：30 ℃,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1。结果:TLC法可用于鉴别罂粟壳、枇杷叶和桔梗;吗啡在3.14～62.80 μg·ml^-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r＝1.000 0）,平均回收率96.69%（RSD=2.41%,n=9）;磷酸可待因在3.52～87.94 μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好（r＝1.000 0）,平均回收率为95.68%（RSD=2.64%,n=9）。结论:改进了强力枇杷露的质量标准,建立的方法操作简易、精密度和准确度都好、专属性也强。     

阿咖酚散中游离水杨酸检查方法的改进

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC法检查阿咖酚散中的游离水杨酸。方法: 色谱柱Welch Ultimate C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),流动相为乙腈 四氢呋喃 冰醋酸 水（22〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗5〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗5〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗68）,检测波长为303 nm,流速为1.0 ml·min-1。结果: 线性范围为1.500～75.000 μg·ml-1（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.12%,RSD为0.75%（n = 9）,检出限为1.5 ng（S/N=3）。结论: 本方法简便准确、灵敏度高,稳定性比现行标准大幅提高,可用于阿咖酚散中游离水杨酸的检查。     

百苑止咳颗粒质量标准的建立

摘 要 目的：建立百苑止咳颗粒质量标准。方法: 采用薄层色谱法对桔梗、陈皮、甘草3味药材进行定性鉴别,采用HPLC法测定橙皮苷的含量。使用AlltimaTM C18（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,流动相为甲醇 醋酸 水(35 ∶〖KG-*4〗4 ∶〖KG-*4〗61),流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为283 nm,柱温为40℃。结果: 薄层鉴别斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。橙皮苷进样浓度在5.80～232.08 μg·ml-1范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系（r＝0.999 7）,平均加样回收率为100.6%,RSD为1.83%（n=6）。结论: 本方法快速、准确、专属性强,可作为百苑止咳颗粒质量控制的方法。     

HPLC法测定米诺地尔微乳中米诺地尔的含量

摘 要 目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定米诺地尔微乳中米诺地尔的含量。方法: 色谱柱:Diamonsil C18柱（200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相:甲醇 水 冰醋酸 十二烷基硫酸钠 (70 ∶〖KG-*4〗30 ∶〖KG-*4〗0.03 ∶〖KG-*4〗0.045)(v/v/v/w),流速：1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长：280 nm,进样量：10 μl,柱温：30℃。结果: 米诺地尔在5.00~100.00 μg·ml-1线性关系良好（r=0.999 7）,平均回收率为99.12%,RSD为1.60%（n=9）。结论: 该方法简便,准确,灵敏,重复性好,专属性强,可用于该制剂的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定人血清中百草枯含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC法测定人血清中百草枯含量。方法: 色谱柱：Kromasil C18柱（200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈 水（含0.03 mol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠,0.24 mol·L-1磷酸）=3〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗97（用三乙胺调pH至2.0）;检测波长258 nm;柱温25℃;进样体积20 μl;流速0.8 ml·min-1。结果: 百草枯在0.106~10.6 mg·L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好( r=0.999 3),最低检出浓度为0.065 mg·L-1。高、中、低3种浓度样品绝对回收率＞89.4%,方法回收率＞94.4%,日内精密度RSD在0.12%～1.74%之间,日间精密度RSD在0.44%～2.89%之间。结论: 该方法操作简便易行、灵敏度高、专属性强,适用于百草枯的人体血清浓度测定。     

HPLC法测定不同产地垂盆草药材中木犀草苷的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立反相高效液相色谱法测定垂盆草药材中木犀草苷的含量。方法: 采用Waters SymmetryShield C₁₈ (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) 色谱柱;以四氢呋喃 甲醇 水 磷酸（9〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗17〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗74〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗0.25）为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为350 nm,柱温为35℃,进样量为10 μl。结果: 木犀草苷在5.2～208.0μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）范围内呈现良好的线性关系;平均回收率为99.12％,RSD=0.94%（n=6）。结论:该方法简便、灵敏、准确、专属性强,重复性好,可作为垂盆草药材中木犀草苷含量测定的方法。     

药用丁基胶塞中抗氧剂BHT的UPLC法测定

摘 要 目的：建立超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）测定药用丁基胶塞中的2,6 二叔丁基对甲基苯酚（BHT）的含量。方法: 采用二氯甲烷 甲醇（1 ∶〖KG-*4〗1）为提取溶剂,利用超高效液相色谱法对BHT含量进行测定。色谱柱：资生堂CAPCELLPAK C18 （200 mm×50 mm ,2 μm）;流动相：乙腈 水 异丙醇（55 ∶〖KG-*4〗35 ∶〖KG-*4〗10）;流速：0.4 ml ·min-1;检测波长：280 nm;柱温：40℃;进样量：3 μl。结果: 抗氧剂BHT在0.2 50.0 μg ·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率97.3%（RSD=1.4%,n=9）。结论: 该方法灵敏快速、结果准确,可用于测定药用丁基胶塞中BHT的含量。     

乳浆草药材质量标准的建立

摘 要 目的：建立乳浆草药材的质量标准。方法: 采用薄层色谱法对乳浆草药材进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法测定乳浆草药材中槲皮素含量,色谱柱为AlltimaTM C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈 0.4%磷酸溶液（30〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗70）,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为360 nm,柱温为35℃。结果: TLC色谱中,供试品溶液在与对照药材色谱相同的位置上显相同颜色的斑点。HPLC法中槲皮素浓度在3.194～102.208 μg·mL^-1范围内时与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.0%,RSD=1.68%（n=6）。结论: 该方法快速、简便,结果准确,可用于乳浆草药材的质量控制。     

藏药制剂七味消肿丸的质量标准

摘 要 目的：建立七味消肿丸的质量标准。方法: 采用薄层色谱法对处方中的余甘子、甘青青兰进行定性鉴别,对榜嘎中乌头碱进行限量检查;采用Sunfire C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以甲醇 乙腈 0.7%磷酸溶液（22 ∶〖KG-*4〗2 ∶〖KG-*4〗76）为流动相,检测波长为403 nm,柱温为30℃,流速：1 ml·min-1,进样量：10 μl,对诃子中的没食子酸进行含量测定。结果: 薄层色谱中斑点清晰,且阴性对照无干扰;羟基红花黄色素A在0.041～0.820 μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 7）,平均加样回收率为96.27%,RSD=1.58%（n=6）。结论: 本法专属性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于七味消肿丸的质量控制。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.