康柏西普联合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效

目的：探讨康柏西普眼用注射液(Conbercept ophthalmic injection,COI)玻璃体内注射联合激光治疗对糖尿病性黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)患者的有效性及安全性。

方法：纳入2016-08/2018-06我院眼科收治的DME患者,依据患者施行激光治疗是否联合COI分为观察组(激光治疗联合COI)55例55眼和对照组(仅激光治疗)50例50眼,对比两组患者术后1mo的BCVA(LogMAR)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)、眼压水平及视野、30°视野平均光阈值敏感度、视野平均缺损值水平变化。

结果：两组患者治疗前一般资料比较无差异(P>0.05),两组患者BCVA(0.63±0.13 vs 0.76±0.19; t=4.123,P<0.001)、CMT(305.89±58.76 vs 340.26±60.41μm; t=2.954,P=0.004)比较有差异,而两组患者眼压对比(12.11±1.82 vs 12.24±1.59mmHg; t=0.389,P=0.700)无差异; 观察组患者术后1mo视野灰度值、视野平均缺损值显著低于对照组(P<0.001); 观察组患者术后1mo 30°视野平均光阈值敏感度显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。

结论：玻璃体内注射康柏西普眼用注射液联合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者有效且安全。     

抗VEGF联合激光治疗重度非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变对黄斑区血流密度的影响

目的：探讨抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)联合全视网膜光凝术(PRP)治疗重度非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(sNPDR)合并黄斑水肿(DME)对黄斑区血流密度变化的影响。

方法：回顾性选取2018-10/2019-04在我院确诊的sNPDR合并DME患者30例30眼,根据治疗方案进行分组,其中A组15例15眼采用“1+PRN”方案采用玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗7d后行PRP治疗,B组15例15眼采用单纯PRP治疗。对比两组治疗前后黄斑区6mm×6mm浅层毛细血管(SCP)和深层毛细血管(DCP)血流密度、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)变化情况。

结果：与术前相比,A组患者术后2wk,1mo DCP血流密度显著增加、CMT明显降低、BCVA明显改善(均P<0.05),B组患者术后1mo CMT降低、BCVA改善(均P<0.05)。术后2wk、1mo,A组患者DCP血流密度较B组明显增加(43.37%±2.72% vs 41.03%±2.60%,45.01%±2.28% vs 41.20%±2.43%,均P<0.05),CMT较B组明显降低(303.4±30.36μm vs 329.60±31.47μm,268.67±30.27μm vs 319.40±28.63μm,均P<0.05),BCVA(LogMAR)较B组明显改善(0.28±0.11 vs 0.40±0.13,0.23±0.14 vs 0.38±0.15,均P<0.05)。

结论：抗VEGF联合PRP治疗sNPDR合并DME患者短期内可有效增加DCP血流密度,减轻黄斑水肿,改善视力。     

糖尿病黄斑水肿对抗VEGF药物治疗的不同反应与糖尿病视网膜病变程度的相关性

目的：通过观察糖尿病黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)患者对于玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF治疗的不同反应和糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的不同程度之间的相关性,进一步阐释糖尿病黄伴水肿的发病机制和治疗策略。

方法：选择非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(non proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)伴发DME的患者27例33眼,增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)伴发DME的患者32例34眼。均给予玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药雷珠单抗,观察两组患者对该药的不同反应,并进行统计学比较。

结果：分别把患者治疗3、6mo时的最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)和黄斑中心视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)和治疗前的BCVA、CMT作比较,NPDR组有统计学差异(P<0.05),PDR组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。NPDR组和PDR组比较,3、6mo时的BCVR和CMT均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。

结论：糖尿病视网膜病变的不同程度影响着糖尿病黄斑水肿对抗VEGF治疗的反应。     

康柏西普治疗糖尿病患者白内障术后不同类型黄斑水肿的疗效

目的：观察康柏西普治疗糖尿病患者白内障术后不同类型黄斑水肿的疗效。

方法：选取2017-01/2018-12于我院行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后视力再次下降并确诊为黄斑水肿的糖尿病患者52例52眼。根据黄斑水肿OCT分型,将发生弥漫性黄斑水肿者18眼纳入DRT组,发生黄斑囊样水肿者20眼纳入CME组,发生浆液性视网膜脱离者14眼纳入SRD组,均按照1+PRN方案行玻璃体腔注射康柏西普。治疗(首次玻璃体腔注射)后随访12mo,观察并比较各组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT),并记录药物注射次数。

结果：三组患者治疗前BCVA和CMT无明显差异,但DRT组黄斑水肿发病时间明显短于CME组和SRD组(P<0.05)。治疗后1mo,三组患者BCVA和CMT均明显好转,且治疗后3mo起,三组患者BCVA和CMT继续好转并逐渐稳定,与治疗前比较均明显改善(P<0.05)。治疗后1、3、6、12mo,DRT组和CME组患者BCVA和CMT均好于SRD组(P<0.05),但DRT组与CME组之间无明显差异(均P>0.05)。三组患者药物注射次数分别为3.2±0.9、2.9±0.8、4.1±1.1次,SRD组注射次数明显多于DRT组和CME组(均P<0.05)。

结论：糖尿病患者白内障术后黄斑水肿应早期干预,康柏西普可以有效改善白内障术后不同类型黄斑水肿患者的视力,减轻黄斑水肿。     

康柏西普在PRP治疗SNPDR合并DME的给药时机选择

目的：探讨玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普(IVC)联合全视网膜光凝(PRP)治疗合并黄斑水肿(DME)的重度非增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变(SNPDR)患者的给药时机。

方法：前瞻性病例对照研究。选取2017-05/2018-10于我院确诊的合并DME的SNPDR患者85例85眼， 随机分为三组：对照组29眼仅予以PRP治疗； IVC组28眼在IVC后1wk予以PRP； PRP组28眼在PRP后1wk予以IVC。随访12mo，观察治疗前及治疗后1、3、6、12mo最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑区中心凹厚度(CMT)变化，记录IVC频次。

结果：三组患者治疗后的BCVA较治疗前改善，CMT较治疗前降低(P<0.05)。治疗后IVC组和PRP组BCVA优于对照组，CMT低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后3mo，ICV组BCVA(0.24±0.18，LogMAR)下降均较PRP组(0.38±0.29，LogMAR)明显(P<0.05)。治疗后1、3mo，ICV组CMT(313.89±61.69、287.64±43.94μm)下降均较PRP组(347.50±56.55、318.04±49.33μm)明显(P<0.05)。IVC给药频次为IVC组3.07±1.33次、PRP组3.93±1.60次(P<0.05)。

结论：治疗合并DME的SNPDR患者，IVC联合PRP治疗优于单纯PRP治疗，且在PRP治疗之前予以抗VEGF药物，短期内BCVA提高、黄斑水肿减轻，长期观察可减少IVC次数，降低感染风险，减轻经济负担。     

玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗BRVO继发不同类型黄斑水肿的疗效比较

目的：观察玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)继发不同类型黄斑水肿(ME)的疗效。

方法：选取BRVO继发ME的患者70例70眼。基于OCT形态学表现分为3组：囊样型水肿(CME,24眼)、弥漫型水肿(DRT,22眼)、伴有神经上皮层脱离型水肿(SRD,24眼)。所有患者行玻璃体腔注射0.5mg(0.05mL)康柏西普治疗,治疗后1、6mo,比较三组BCVA(LogMAR)、黄斑区中央视网膜厚度(CMT)、黄斑中心无血管区面积(FAZ)、视网膜浅层毛细血管区血流密度(SCP)和深层毛细血管区血流密度(DCP)、注射次数的差异。

结果：随访6mo,CME组、DRT组、SRD组患眼BCVA值(0.24±0.13、0.11±0.07、0.33±0.13)、CMT(268.75±19.01、245.64±23.20、277.00±21.21μm)均呈明显下降趋势,FAZ(0.37±0.09、0.30±0.08、0.36±0.03mm²)呈明显变小趋势,SCP(46.18%±3.21%、47.49%±3.48%、42.76%±3.66%)、DCP(43.50%±4.34%、47.69%±2.76%、43.88%±3.54%)呈明显增加趋势(均P<0.01)。治疗6mo时,DRT组在提高BCVA、降低CMT,减小FAZ面积,增加SCP及DCP密度等方面均优于CME组和SRD组。随访6mo DRT组的注射次数(2.55±0.69次)最少(F=5.584,P<0.05)。

结论：玻璃体腔注射康柏西普均可显著改善BRVO继发不同类型ME患眼的视力,降低CMT,减小FAZ面积,增加SCP及DCP密度,其中DRT疗效最佳,注射次数最少。     

雷珠单抗联合577nm多点扫描矩阵激光光凝治疗DME

目的：探讨雷珠单抗联合577nm多点扫描矩阵激光光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)患者临床疗效。

方法：选取2017-01/2018-06我院收治的DME的患者94例127眼。按治疗方法的不同分为：单一组：仅通过玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗DME; 联合组：玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合577nm多点扫描矩阵激光治疗DME。观察两组患者完成3次雷珠单抗注射后1mo治疗效果; 分别在治疗前、完成3次雷珠单抗注射后1、3、6mo检查两组患者的视力改善情况; 采用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检测两组患者黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT); 使用眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)检测视网膜新生血管渗漏面积以及术后并发症情况。

结果：两组患者完成3次雷珠单抗注射后1mo,联合组患者的治疗有效率(100%)高于单一组(97%)(P>0.05)。治疗前两组患者BCVA分别为0.57±0.20、0.56±0.18(P>0.05),完成3次雷珠单抗注射后1、3、6mo患者单一组BCVA分别为0.39±0.05、0.23±0.06、0.18±0.05,联合组BCVA分别为0.28±0.08、0.18±0.07、0.12±0.06,联合组患者BCVA优于对照组(P<0.001)。治疗前两组患者CMT分别为389±42.54、386±38.25μm(P>0.05),完成3次雷珠单抗注射后1、3、6mo单一组CMT分别为333.84±38.18、297.12±27.10、278.15±26.24μm,联合组CMT分别为315.04±39.07、274.35±28.63、253.65±25.91μm,联合组患者CMT改善情况优于单一组(P<0.001)。治疗前两组患者视网膜新生血管渗漏面积分别为22.31±3.26、21.98±3.18mm²(P>0.05),完成雷珠单抗注射后3、6mo,单一组渗漏面积分别为18.34±2.19、7.81±1.28mm²,联合组渗漏面积分别为14.92±1.98、5.39±1.42mm²(P<0.001)。单一组患者共3眼出现并发症,联合组患者共4眼出现并发症,两组患者并发症发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：雷珠单抗联合577nm多点扫描矩阵激光光凝对DME患者均有治疗效果且安全,联合治疗长期效果要优于单独行玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗。     

康柏西普联合激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿

目的：对比研究玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合激光治疗与单纯激光治疗对视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)继发黄斑水肿(macular edema,ME)的临床疗效。

方法：选取2014-10/2015-03我院临床检查确诊的RVO继发ME的患者48例53眼进行回顾性分析。其中玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普+激光治疗者28例31眼,为A组; 单纯激光治疗者20例22眼,为B组。观察治疗前和治疗后1wk,3mo最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)的变化。

结果：随诊3mo,治疗后1wk时,A组和B组的平均BCVA分别是0.44±0.25、0.56±0.24; 平均CMT分别是330.50±121.71、354.67±102.79μm,两组患者BCVA和CMT较治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 而术后两组组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在治疗后3mo时,A组和B组的平均BCVA分别是0.24±0.18、0.39±0.20; 平均CMT分别是252.62±83.01、332.67±102.33μm,两组患者与治疗前比较、两组组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且A组优于B组。

结论：玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合激光和单纯激光治疗RVO继发性ME均有效,ME明显减轻,视力稳定并提高。但对于水肿严重的患者,玻璃体腔注射康柏西普先减轻视网膜水肿,再联合激光治疗疗效肯定,优于单纯激光治疗。     

康柏西普不同给药方案治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿

目的：对比康柏西普1+PRN和3+PRN方案玻璃体腔注射治疗BRVO继发ME的短期临床疗效。

方法：前瞻性随机对照研究,选取BRVO继发ME患者共40例40眼,随机分入1+PRN组18眼和3+PRN组22眼,对比两组患者BCVA和CMT变化及平均注药次数,分析视力预后的影响因素。

结果：治疗后6mo,3+PRN组BCVA(LogMAR)由0.86±0.22提高到0.41±0.12,CMT由517.4±75.1μm降低到280.1±41.8μm, 1+PRN组BCVA由0.79±0.20提高到0.42±0.14,CMT由472.7±80.7μm降低到271.6±39.6μm,治疗前后各时间点组间BCVA和CMT比较无差异(P>0.05)。3+PRN、1+PRN组平均注药次数分别为3.64±0.66、2.78±0.94次(P>0.05))。多元回归分析中,年龄、病程、基线BCVA、椭圆体带完整性表现出和良好的视力预后有关。

结论：康柏西普1+PRN和3+PRN方案治疗BRVO继发ME在短期内可以取得类似的疗效。     

玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗不同类型视网膜静脉阻塞伴黄斑水肿的疗效

目的：观察玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗不同类型视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)伴黄斑水肿的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性研究。纳入79例79眼不同类型视网膜静脉阻塞伴黄斑水肿患者[视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)54眼,非缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞(non-iCRVO)16眼,缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞(iCRVO)9眼],采用3+PRN方案治疗,随访6mo,记录基线、治疗后1d,1、2、3、4、5、6mo的最佳矫正视力(BCVA,LogMAR)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)等变化。

结果：三种不同类型RVO治疗后6mo BCVA均较基线提高(0.22±0.23 vs 0.70±0.32; 0.24±0.19 vs 0.73±0.27; 1.20±0.37 vs 1.92±0.23; 均P<0.05),OCT显示黄斑CMT明显降低(199±27 vs 422±162μm; 195±16 vs 550±158μm; 231±55 vs 583±152μm; 均P<0.05)。三种不同类型RVO在不同就诊时间组内治疗后各时间CMT均较基线下降(P<0.05),不同就诊时间组间CMT均无差异(P>0.05)。BRVO、non-iCRVO患者在不同就诊时间组内治疗后BCVA均较基线改善(P<0.05),iCRVO患者>90d组视力几乎无提升。

结论：玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普可以有效治疗RVO引起的黄斑水肿。对于RVO患者,早期及时的进行抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗,有助于其远期视力的提高并维持稳定; 延迟抗VEGF药物治疗可能会降低其视力提升的空间。     

Outcomes of chronic macular hole surgical repair

Purpose:

To report visual and anatomic outcomes of chronic macular hole surgery, with analysis of pre-operative OCT-based hole size and post-operative closure type.

Settings and Design:

An IRB-approved, retrospective case series of 26 eyes of 24 patients who underwent surgery for stage 3 or 4 idiopathic chronic macular holes at a tertiary care referral center.

Statistical Analysis:

Student''s t-test.

Results:

Nineteen of 26 eyes (73%) had visual improvement after surgery on most recent exam. Twenty-one of 26 eyes (81%) achieved anatomic closure; 16 of 26 eyes (62%) achieved type 1, and five of 26 eyes (19%) achieved type 2 closure. Post-operative LogMAR VA for type 1 closure holes (0.49) was significantly greater than for type 2 closure and open holes (1.26, P < 0.003 and 1.10, P < 0.005, respectively), despite similar pre-operative VA (P = 0.51 and 0.68, respectively). Mean pre-operative hole diameter for eyes with type 1 closure, type 2 closure, and holes that remained open were 554, 929, and 1205 microns, respectively. Mean pre-operative hole diameter was significantly larger in eyes that remained open as compared to eyes with type 1 closure (P = 0.015).

Conclusion:

Vitrectomy to repair chronic macular holes can improve vision and achieve long-term closure. Holes of greater than 3.4 years duration were associated with a greater incidence of remaining open and type 2 closure. Larger holes (mean diameter of 1205 microns) were more likely to remain open after repair.     

玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑孔

目的 探讨玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑孔的临床疗效。方法 采用玻璃体切除结合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑孔16例(16眼)，术中使用吲哚青绿(ICG)染色内界膜。结果 内界膜可被ICG染成均匀的淡绿色，而黄斑前膜不被ICG染色，16眼均能安全地剥离内界膜。本组16眼中13眼(81．25％)术后黄斑孔完全封闭。8眼(50．00％)术后较术前视力提高2行以上。结论 玻璃体手术联合黄斑孔周围内界膜剁除可有效地封闭黄斑孔，提高视力。视网膜内界膜可被ICG染色，术中使用ICG染色有助于内界膜及黄斑前膜的辨认和剥除。     

An unusual presentation of lupus retinopathy

We have described an unusual presentation of lupus retinopathy in the form of macular arterio-arterial and arterio-venular shunts with extensive macular ischemia as a presenting sign.     

黄斑色素光学密度相关的临床应用

人类视网膜黄斑区富含黄斑色素（macular pigment,MP）,MP对视网膜具有重要的保护意义,且与人类视功能密切相关。MP水平可通过黄斑色素光学密度（macular pigment optical density,MPOD）来评估。研究表明,MP的减少或缺失对多种眼科疾病（包括年龄相关性黄斑病变、糖尿病性视网膜病变、青光眼等）的发生发展及预后的判断具有重要意义,MPOD的测量在相关全身疾病（如Sjogren-Larsson综合征）的诊断、管理和治疗中同样发挥作用。     

Spontaneous resolution of a full thickness idiopathic macular hole: fundus autofluorescence and OCT imaging

Background To report on the spontaneous closure of a full thickness juxtafoveolar idiopathic macular hole (IMH) monitored with fundus autofluorescence (AF) as well as optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Methods Observational case report. Fundus Autofluorescence with a confocal SLO (HRA, Heidelberg Engineering,Germany) and OCT imaging were used to monitor the spontaneous evolution of a stage II IMH. Results A 70 year-old woman with unremarkable ocular history received a diagnosis of idiopathic macular hole in the left eye. Bright autofluorescence corresponding to the IMH was documented with the confocal SLO and OCT imaging could confirm the presence of an hour glass shaped full thickness juxtafoveolar IMH. Biomicroscopy revealed no posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Few months later clinical examination demonstrated the presence of typical symptoms and signs of PVD (miodesopsias and Weiss ring). The bright autofluorescence corresponding to the IMH disappeared and OCT imaging documented a normal fovea in morphology and thickness. Conclusions Spontaneous closure of full thickness juxtafoveolar IMH can occur and may be properly monitored with fundus AF as well as OCT imaging.     

Prognostic factors in vitrectomy for lamellar macular hole assessed by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography

Purpose: To evaluate the association between the macular structure on spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐CT) and visual outcome after vitrectomy for lamellar macular hole (LMH). Methods: Best‐corrected visual acuity (VA) and SD‐OCT images of the macula were assessed before and after surgery in 30 eyes of 30 patients with a LMH. Preoperative VA and SD‐OCT features were investigated as predictors of surgical outcome. Results: Mean patient age was 65 years with female predominance (77%). Visual acuity improved in 19 eyes (63%) with an overall mean improvement of 1 Snellen line (from 20/65 to 20/50; p = 0.002) at a mean of 18 months after vitrectomy. Subgroup analysis showed that statistically significant visual benefit was only observed in patients with an intact photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction (p = 0.003), with foveal thickness bigger than 100 μm (p = 0.004) and with initial VA better than 20/100 (p = 0.003). The most efficient model to predict final VA was the combination of preoperative VA and the presence or absence of IS/OS disruption (r² = 0.77, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Poor initial VA, the presence of a disrupted IS/OS junction or a thin fovea on preoperative SD‐OCT predicted poor vision outcome after LMH surgery.     

Macular oscillatory potentials in humans

Studies of the focal macular electroretinogram (ERG) have been made with special reference to oscillatory potentials (OPs) by using a fundus monitoring system in humans. Human macular OPs consist of 3 to 4 wavelets (mean peak interval, approximately 6.5 msec). The distribution of OPs in relation to those in a- and b-waves was studied. The amplitudes of a-waves, b-waves, and OPs of the upper macula were significantly larger than those of the lower macula. The distribution of OPs is relatively sparse in the fovea, becoming more dense than the a- and b-waves from the fovea toward the parafovea, and differing even more toward the perifovea. There was no statistical difference of amplitude in a- and b-waves between nasal and temporal macula. The amplitude of OPs in the temporal macula, however, was significantly larger than in the nasal macula. In some macular diseases, such as diabetic maculopathy, cystoid macular edema, or the convalescent stage of central serous chorioretinopathy, macular OPs were selectively reduced, leaving the a- and b-waves intact. Macular OPs can provide a new aspect of macular function and can be a sensitive indicator to assess that function in macular diseases.     

Bilateral macular colobomata: Temporal dragging of optic disc

A 13-year-old male presented with decreased vision and squint from childhood. He had bilateral large colobomata at the macula in each eye, the one on the right being larger than the left. The disc was dragged temporally with straightening of the temporal retinal vessels. This is a case report of bilateral large macular coloboma and serves to report its association with a temporally dragged disc and straightened temporal retinal vessels. A dragged disc if present with a colobomatous defect at the macula may strengthen the case for diagnosis of macular coloboma and help exclude other differentials.     

Grid laser photocoagulation for macular oedema in uveitis or the Irvine-Gass syndrome

AIMS—To determine the effect of modified macular grid photocoagulation in patients with refractory macular oedema due to uveitis or cataract extraction.
METHODS—In this study 20 patients with macular oedema underwent modified macular grid laser photocoagulation and were followed by means of standardised examinations (day 0, months 2, 6, and 12) consisting of best corrected visual acuity and fluorescein angiography.
RESULTS—The mean visual acuity increased from 0.16 before to 0.3 after laser treatment (p=0.013), and fluorescein leakage was significantly reduced (p=0.005). Visual prognosis was influenced by duration of the uveitis, not by sex or age.
CONCLUSION—Modified macular grid laser photocoagulation had a beneficial effect on macular oedema caused by uveitis or the Irvine-Gass syndrome. A prospective, randomised study is needed to determine the exact place of modified macular grid photocoagulation in the treatment of patients with inflammatory or postsurgical macular oedema.

Keywords: macular grid photocoagulation; Irvine-Gass syndrome; macular oedema     

Two-wavelength fundus autofluorescence and macular pigment optical density imaging in diabetic macular oedema

Purpose

To evaluate the application of 488 and 514 nm fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) imaging in diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and to demonstrate the typical imaging features.

Patients and Methods

A hundred and twenty-five eyes of 71 consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy who underwent examination at a specialist university clinic employing a modified Heidelberg Retina Angiograph, using two different light sources of 488 and 514 nm wavelength, were retrospectively reviewed. MPOD images were calculated using modified Heidelberg Eye Explorer software. All images were evaluated by two independent masked graders. Features from FAF and MPOD images were correlated with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging findings and inter-grader variability, sensitivity and specificity were calculated using OCT as reference.

Results

Sixty-seven eyes had DMO on OCT. The inter-grader variability was 0.84 for 488 nm FAF, 0.63 for 514 nm FAF and 0.79 for MPOD imaging. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of DMO were 80.6 and 89.7% for 488 nm FAF; 55.2 and 94.8% for 514 nm FAF; and 80.6 and 91.4% for MPOD imaging. In 488 nm FAF and MPOD imaging, DMO was better visualised in comparison with 514 nm FAF imaging, P<0.01. MPOD revealed displacement of macular pigment by intraretinal cysts.

Conclusion

MPOD imaging, and particularly its combination with 488 nm and 514 nm FAF, provides a valuable addition to OCT in the evaluation of DMO and is clinically useful in rapid en-face assessment of the central macula.