一种中草药组方对裸鼠皮肤衰老的影响研究

摘 要 目的：考察一种中草药组方对D 半乳糖联合紫外线（UV）光照诱导衰老模型裸鼠皮肤的影响。方法: 每日皮下注射D 半乳糖1 000 mg·kg-1·d-1联合350 ~ 400 nm UV持续照射40 min,连续40 d,诱导亚急性衰老模型。雄性裸鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型组,中草药组方制剂低剂量组（4.16 ml·kg-1）、中剂量组（8.33 ml·kg-1）、高剂量组（16.66 ml·kg-1）,阳性对照组（纽崔莱润妍饮品8.33 ml·kg-1）,每组10只。于造模第11天分别灌胃给药30 d。检测血清中透明质酸,皮肤中透明质酸、羟脯氨酸、总胶原蛋白、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白的含量以及皮肤含水量;HE染色观察皮肤形态学改变。结果: 与模型组比较,中草药组方制剂中剂量组皮肤透明质酸含量显著增加（P <0.05）,高剂量组各项生化指标指标均有显著改善（P <0.05或P<0.01）;中、高剂量组各项指标与阳性对照组基本相当（P＞0.05,且低、中、高剂量组间无明显差异（P＞0.05））。中草药组方制剂中、高剂量组皮肤含水量显著增加（P <0.01）,与阳性对照组相当（P＞0.05）;低剂量组含水量明显低于高剂量组与阳性对照组（P＞0.05）。中草药组方制剂中、高剂量组与阳性对照组裸鼠。衰老皮肤的形态明显改善。结论: 该中草药组方具有一定的体内抗皮肤衰老作用。     

降脂片对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血脂和血清中ALT、AST、γ-GT水平的影响

摘 要 目的：观察降脂片对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝 （NAFLD）的影响。方法: 72只雄性大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性药物组（东宝肝泰片,7.5 g·kg-1）、降脂片高、中、低剂量组（15,7.5,3.75 g·kg-1）。造模1周后开始给药,空白组和模型组给予同体积生理盐水,持续4周。末次给药2 h后,腹主动脉取血,检测血清中三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL C）,以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ 谷氨酰基转移酶（γ GT）水平变化。结果: 与模型组相比,东宝肝泰片、降脂片高、中剂量组ALT、AST、γ GT、TG、TC、LDL C水平均显著降低,HDL C水平显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）;降脂片低剂量组ALT、AST、TC、TG水平显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论: 降脂片对高脂饲料和灌胃高脂乳剂及腹腔注射低剂量CCl4建立的大鼠脂肪肝动物模型有较好的干预作用。     

体外培育牛黄联合氟哌啶醇治疗大鼠精神分裂症的研究

摘 要 目的：研究体外培育牛黄（CBS）联合氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症模型大鼠行为学的影响并探索其作用机制。方法: 以地卓西平马来酸盐（MK 801）制备大鼠精神分裂症模型。SD大鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,氟哌啶醇组（1.4 mg·kg-1）,氟哌啶醇联合CBS低剂量（50 mg·kg-1）、中剂量（100 mg·kg-1）、高剂量（150 mg·kg-1）组,CBS低剂量（50 mg·kg-1）、中剂量（100 mg·kg-1）、高剂量（150 mg·kg-1）组。用高架十字实验评价各组大鼠焦虑水平的影响,Western blot检测各组大鼠前额皮层c Fos蛋白水平。结果: 高架十字实验结果显示,氟哌啶醇组和联合用药组大鼠开臂次数百分比相比模型组明显增加（P<0.01）,而CBS各剂量组与模型组无显著差异。联合用药中、高剂量组开臂时间百分比显著大于氟哌啶醇组（P<0.05）。CBS和氟哌啶醇均可降低大脑前额皮层中c Fos蛋白含量（P<0.05或P<0.01）;而联合用药各剂量组较氟哌啶醇组c Fos蛋白含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。结论: 通过行为学评价发现,CBS与氟哌啶醇联合使用能协同降低大鼠精神分裂症模型中增高的焦虑水平,这可能与协同降低前额皮层c Fos蛋白含量有关。本研究为临床上两药的联合使用提供了药效学基础,具有一定的参考意义。     

丹酚酸B对肾病综合征大鼠的改善作用

摘 要 目的：研究丹酚酸B对多柔比星致肾病综合征（NS）模型大鼠的改善作用。方法: 采用一次性尾静脉注射多柔比星制备NS模型,造模成功后给予大鼠丹酚酸B（0.2 g·kg-1、0.1 g·kg-1）连续灌胃5周,以醋酸泼尼松为阳性对照,探讨丹酚酸B对NS大鼠的肾脏指数、24 h尿量、24 h尿蛋白含量、腹水量及尿中钠、钾、氯离子的影响;以及对NS大鼠肾脏组织的影响。结果: 与模型组比较,丹酚酸B高剂量能显著提高NS模型大鼠的24h尿量和尿钠含量（P＜0.05）,降低24 h尿蛋白含量、腹水量和肾脏指数（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且上述指标与阳性药比较无差异（P>0.05）甚至更优（P<0.05）。对大鼠血钠、尿钾、尿氯等指标无影响（P>0.05）。丹酚酸B高剂量降低大鼠腹水含量的作用明显优于低剂量（P<0.01）,其他指标高低剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。丹酚酸B可改善NS模型大鼠肾小管蛋白管型。结论: 丹酚酸B具有提高NS大鼠尿量,尿钠排泄,降低尿蛋白,腹水含量及改善肾脏损害的作用。     

益母草碱对小鼠肝药酶含量的影响

摘 要 目的：研究益母草碱对小鼠肝药酶含量的影响。 方法: 将40只ICR小鼠随机分为5组：空白对照组、益母草碱高（120 mg·kg-1）、中（90 mg·kg-1）、低剂量组（60 mg·kg-1）、阳性对照组（苯巴比妥钠,80 mg·kg-1）,每组8只。益母草碱组灌胃给药,1次/d,连续进行7 d;阳性对照组腹腔注射给药,1次/d,连续进行5 d;空白对照组给予同等体积的生理盐水。检测肝微粒体蛋白、细胞色素P450酶（CYP450）、细胞色素b5（CYPb5）、氨基比林N 脱甲基酶（ADM）、红霉素N 脱甲基酶（ERD）、谷胱甘肽S 转移酶（GST）含量。结果: 与空白对照组相比,益母草碱各剂量组肝微粒体蛋白含量变化不明显（P>0.05）,CYP450、CYPb5、ADM含量显著降低（P<0.01）,中、高剂量组的ERD和高剂量组的GST含量显著降低（P<0.01）。益母草碱各剂量组与阳性对照组相比,以上各指标差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论: 益母草碱能明显降低小鼠肝微粒体肝药酶的含量,下调CYP3A和CYP2E1的表达,其作用效果与益母草碱给药剂量相关。     

芪防鼻敏颗粒对变应性鼻炎大鼠炎性因子表达的影响研究

摘 要 目的：观察芪防鼻敏颗粒对变应性鼻炎（AR）大鼠血清白介素 4(IL 4),白介素 17(IL 17）,肿瘤坏死因子（TNF α）及鼻黏膜γ干扰素（IFN γ）、白介素 6（IL 6）、TNF α表达的影响。方法: SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,氯雷他定组（1.17 mg·kg^-1）,鼻炎康组（0.6 g·kg^-1）,芪防鼻敏颗粒高（26.48 g·kg^-1）、中（13.24 g·kg^-1）、低（6.62 g·kg^-1）剂量组。采用卵蛋白（OVA）建立AR大鼠模型。造模成功后分别灌胃给药,连续14 d。酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测AR大鼠血清IL 4、IL 17、TNF α水平,免疫组化染色法（IHC）检测鼻黏膜IFN γ、IL 6、TNF α表达。结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠血清IL 4、IL 17水平明显上升（P<0.01）;鼻黏膜IFN γ阳性表达明显降低（P<0.05）,IL 6、TNF α阳性表达显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,氯雷他定组、芪防鼻敏颗粒中剂量组大鼠血清IL 4水平显著下降（P<0.05）,芪防鼻敏颗粒低剂量组大鼠血清IL 17水平明显下降（P<0.05）,氯雷他定组、鼻炎康组、芪防鼻敏颗粒高、中剂量组大鼠血清TNF α水平显著下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）;高、低剂量组大鼠鼻黏膜IFN γ阳性表达显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,高、中剂量组IL 6阳性表达显著降低（P<0.01）,高剂量组TNF α阳性表达显著降低（P<0.01）。与氯雷他定组相比,鼻炎康组、芪防鼻敏颗粒高剂量组大鼠血清IL 17水平明显上升（P<0.05）,鼻炎康组、芪防鼻敏颗粒低剂量组大鼠血清IL 4水平明显上升（P<0.05）,芪防鼻敏颗粒高、中、低剂量组TNF α阳性表达显著升高（P<0.05）;与鼻炎康组比较,芪防鼻敏颗粒中剂量组大鼠血清IL 4水平明显下降（P<0.05）;与芪防鼻敏颗粒低剂量组相比,芪防鼻敏颗粒高剂量组大鼠血清IL 17水平明显上升（P<0.05）,芪防鼻敏颗粒中剂量组大鼠血清IL 4水平明显下降（P<0.05）。结论:芪防鼻敏颗粒可增加AR鼻黏膜IFN γ表达,降低血清IL 4、TNF α、IL 17水平及鼻黏膜TNF α、IL 6表达。     

铁线莲总皂苷对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的治疗作用及机制研究

摘 要 目的：探讨铁线莲总皂苷对佐剂性关节炎（AA）大鼠的治疗作用及其机制。方法: Wistar大鼠随机分为6组：正常对照组,模型对照组,阳性对照组（吲哚美辛,10 mg瘙
簚kg^-1）,铁线莲总皂苷高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。用弗氏完全佐剂建立AA大鼠模型,观察药物对大鼠体质量和足爪肿胀度的影响;测定大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH PX）的水平,以及血清中炎症因子白介素 8（IL 8）、IL 10和肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF α）的含量。结果: 给药后第8天开始,与模型对照组相比,铁线莲总皂苷能有效缓解大鼠体质量变化,缓解大鼠的足爪肿胀度（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,高剂量铁线莲总皂苷与阳性对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,低剂量组与高、中剂量组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。铁线莲总皂苷各给药组均能在一定程度上影响AA大鼠血清中SOD、MDA、NO和GSH PX水平,除铁线莲总皂苷低剂量组对NO指标影响不显著外,其余各组与模型对照组相比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,其中MDA、NO和GSH PX水平在高、低剂量组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与模型对照组相比,铁线莲总皂苷各组大鼠血清中IL 8和TNF α含量显著降低,IL 10含量显著升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;高剂量组在调节IL 10和TNF α的作用上与阳性对照组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,其中IL 8和IL 10在高、低剂量组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论: 铁线莲总皂苷对AA具有良好的治疗作用,其机制可能与降低制脂质过氧化及抑制致炎因子有关。     

黄精皂苷提取条件的Design-Expert优化及其降血糖效果初步研究

摘 要 目的：优化黄精皂苷提取工艺并研究黄精皂苷降血糖效果。方法: 利用设计软件Design Expert回归设计得到黄精皂苷提取率与提取温度、提取时间、乙醇浓度关系的回归模型优化提取工艺;建立糖尿病动物模型;取模型内小鼠50只,随机分为模型对照组、阳性对照组（二甲双胍200 mg·kg-1）、样品组高（300mg·kg-1）、中（200mg·kg-1）、低（100mg·kg-1）剂量组,阳性对照组、样品组按10 ml·kg-1的剂量灌胃给药,模型对照组、空白组(10只模型外小鼠)给予等量的生理盐水,连续给药7 d后,测定餐后1 h的血糖值。结果: 通过二次回归设计得到黄精皂苷提取率与提取温度、提取时间、乙醇浓度关系的回归模型,得到优化的提取工艺参数为：提取温度20.7℃,提取时间12.28 h,乙醇浓度为82%（v/v）,此条件下黄精皂苷的提取率为2.95%。降血糖实验中,阳性对照组与样品各剂量组小鼠餐后血糖值均明显低于模型对照组（P<0.01或P<0.05）。样品高剂量组小鼠血糖值显著低于中剂量和低剂量组（P<0.01）,与阳性对照组血糖值比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,与阳性对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。样品低剂量组和中剂量组血糖值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,与阳性对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论: 通过二次回归设计得到的回归模型能够较好的预测黄精皂苷提取率,预测值和试验结果相对误差约为1%。降血糖实验证明,黄精皂苷提取物对用四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠降血糖效果显著。     

乳癖消颗粒对家兔乳腺增生的抑制作用

摘 要 目的：考察乳癖消颗粒对家兔乳腺增生的抑制作用,并探讨其抑制作用的可能机制,为该药临床应用提供理论依据。方法: 苯甲酸雌二醇联合黄体酮法构建家兔乳腺增生模型,以逍遥丸、三苯氧胺为阳性对照组,受试药乳癖消颗粒分为低、中、高（0.525,1.05,2.1 g·kg^-1）剂量组,按组别灌胃30 d,测定家兔血清中的雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（PROG）、催乳素（PRL）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）及促黄体生成素（LH）含量。并对乳腺组织进行病理组织学检查同时检测各组家兔乳腺组织中血管内皮增长因子（VEGF）的含量表达。结果: “保留卵巢 苯甲酸雌二醇联合黄体酮法” 可用于构建家兔乳腺增生模型。与模型组比较,乳癖消颗粒可使家兔血清E2及PRL含量明显下降（P<0.01）,PROG含量显著升高（P<0.01或P<0.001）。与模型组比较,乳癖消颗粒高剂量组可恢复到空白对照组家兔的乳腺结构的水平,抗乳腺增生作用优于逍遥丸和三苯氧胺。与模型组比较,各给药治疗组家兔乳腺组织中VEGF的表达均明显下降（P<0. 001）。结论: 乳癖消颗粒对家兔乳腺增生有较好的治疗作用。乳癖消颗粒对家兔乳腺增生的抑制作用可能与抑制家兔乳腺增生组织中VEGF的表达有关,其抑制水平与三苯氧胺和逍遥丸的抑制水平无差异。     

金佛手醇提液对哮喘小鼠肺组织中嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞的影响

摘 要 目的：观察金佛手醇提液对哮喘小鼠肺组织中嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）及肥大细胞（MC）的影响。方法: 采用卵白蛋白（OVA）激发复制哮喘小鼠模型。将50只小鼠分为5组：正常对照组、模型组、金佛手醇提液高（30 g·kg-1）、低（15 g·kg-1）剂量组和阳性对照组（地塞米松,0.005 g·kg-1）,每组10只。灌胃给药,观察小鼠一般情况,肺组织内EOS及MC情况。 结果: 造模成功后,小鼠出现哮喘样表现。与正常对照组相比,模型组EOS、MC及EOS/白细胞比例均显著增加（P＜0.01）。与模型组相比,金佛手醇提液高、低剂量组和阳性对照组EOS和MC及EOS/白细胞比例均显著下降（P＜0.01）。金佛手醇提液高、低剂量组与阳性对照组比较EOS/白细胞比例、MC总计数差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论: 金佛手醇提液具有抗哮喘作用,其作用机制与抑制EOS炎症反应、抗MC脱颗粒密切相关。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.