盐酸环喷托酯对儿童睫状肌麻痹效果的观察

目的:探讨盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液对屈光不正儿童验光睫状肌麻痹的效果。方法:对6～12岁屈光不正儿童60例120眼随机分为3组,分别用盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液、复方托吡卡胺滴眼液及阿托品眼膏滴眼。在用药前及用药后不同时间点对3组患者分别在电脑验光仪上进行客观验光并测量瞳孔直径,在综合验光仪上进行主观验光并用移近法测量调节力和剩余调节力。结果:盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液最大睫状肌麻痹时间是60min,在最大睫状肌麻痹状态下盐酸环喷托酯组剩余调节力较复方托吡卡胺组小(P<0.05),与阿托品组相近(P>0.05)。结论:用盐酸环喷托酯代替阿托品对6～12岁屈光不正非斜视儿童进行散瞳验光是可行的。     

盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液和复方托品卡胺睫状肌麻痹效果比较

目的:了解盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液和复方托品卡胺滴眼液在散瞳验光中麻痹睫状肌的临床效果,客观地对其评价以指导临床工作。 方法:随机抽取2010-12/2011-03期间的60例120眼屈光不正（近视和远视各占50%）患者,年龄12～40岁,利用国产复方托品卡胺滴眼液滴眼散瞳先后对其进行散瞳4次, 45min以后,对其进行检影验光,并利用综合验光仪测定其残余调节量,第2d用盐酸环喷托酯眼液进行复验。 结果:远视组盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液和复方托品卡胺两者验光结果差异较大（P＜0.01）;近视组两者验光差异较小（P＜0.05）,但是仍然具有统计学差异。 结论:临床上对于屈光不正患者的屈光检查,复方托品卡胺滴眼液是一种有效的睫状肌麻痹剂,但因注意到其麻痹睫状肌及放松调节的有限性,特别在远视患者应灵活结合其他放松调节如盐酸环喷托酯眼液的方法获取最终的配镜处方。     

盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液在儿童远视验光中的应用

目的：比较盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液和阿托品眼用凝胶在12岁以下远视儿童散瞳检影验光结果,以评估盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液在远视验光中的临床使用价值。

方法：年龄2～12岁的远视儿童51例102眼,先用10g/L盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液连续点眼5次后验光,间隔1d后,再用10g/L硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶连续点眼3d后进行散瞳检影验光。分析比较两种睫状肌麻痹剂在不同屈光组的验光结果及全身不良反应。

结果：轻度远视31眼两种验光结果无统计学差异(P>0.05),中度远视组39眼两种验光结果无统计学差异(P>0.05),高度远视组32眼两种验光结果无统计学差异(P>0.05)。10g/L盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液的全身不良反应发生率为2%,10g/L阿托品眼用凝胶全身不良反应发生率为8%。

结论：盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液是一种起效快、作用强、持续时间短的安全有效的新型睫状肌麻痹剂,临床上可广泛应用。     

不同年龄及不同进展程度的近视患者3种验光方法的选择时机

目的　探讨不同进展程度及不同年龄的近视患者选择小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光及阿托品散瞳后验光的时机。方法　将年龄7～18岁的304例近视患者按复诊的戴镜视力或初诊的裸眼视力分为3组:0.1～0.3组、0.4～0.6组、0.7～0.9组。所有患者根据不同年龄段（7～9岁、10～12岁、13～15岁、16～18岁）分别进行小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光及阿托品散瞳后验光,记录各组患者屈光度。结果　视力下降至0.1～0.3时,不同年龄段患者三种验光方式所得屈光度比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结果显示各年龄段近视患者采用小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光的屈光度变化不明显。视力下降至0.4～0.6时,7～12岁近视患者复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光都比小瞳验光所得屈光度低,而阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度降低更显著;13～18岁近视患者复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度均低于小瞳验光所得屈光度,但其降低的差异随着年龄增长更加不明显。视力下降至0.7～0.9时,各年龄段近视患者小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。各年龄段近视患者小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度之间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义 （均为P＜0.05）。结果显示与小瞳验光所得结果相比,复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光和阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度均降低,而阿托品散瞳后验光结果降低更显著。结论　视力下降至0.1～0.3的不同年龄患者可采用小瞳验光。视力下降至0.4～0.6的12岁以上近视患者可采用复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光。视力下降至0.4～0.6的12岁以下近视患者和视力下降至0.7～0.9的各年龄段患者均需采用阿托品散瞳后验光。     

盐酸环喷托酯、复方托吡卡胺与阿托品对儿童睫状肌麻痹效果的比较

目的：探讨盐酸环喷托酯、复方托吡卡胺与阿托品对不同年龄、屈光状态及调节性内斜视儿童的睫 状肌麻痹效果。方法：前瞻性临床研究。对2018年9月至2019年9月在武汉大学人民医院眼科就诊 的3～12岁屈光不正儿童283例（566眼）行睫状肌麻痹验光。所有患儿均先使用1%阿托品眼用凝胶 点眼后电脑验光,并随机分为A组和B组。2组均按年龄分为3～<6岁组和6～<12岁组,3～<6岁组 和6～<12岁组再分为无内斜近视组、无内斜远视组和伴内斜视组3个亚组。5周后,瞳孔大小及对光 反射恢复正常,A组使用1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液点眼后电脑验光,B组使用0.5%复方托吡卡胺滴眼 液点眼后电脑验光。采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验对1%阿托品睫状肌麻痹前后电脑验光等效球镜度 （SE）差值、不同药物睫状肌麻痹后电脑验光差值进行统计分析。结果：1%阿托品散瞳后SE较散瞳 前偏正,SE差值为1.75（1.00～2.75）D,差异有统计学意义（Z=-20.62,P<0.001）。差异在3～<6岁 儿童、无内斜远视儿童及伴内斜视儿童中更明显（P<0.001）。A组使用1%阿托品散瞳后SE较使用 1%盐酸环喷托酯后偏正,SE差值为0.25（0.13～0.50）D（Z=-11.49,P<0.001）。3～<6岁组使用1% 阿托品后和使用1%盐酸环喷托酯后的SE差值在无内斜近视组、无内斜远视组和伴内斜视组分别为 0.25（0.25～0.25）D、0.38（0.25～0.50）D、0.50（0.38～0.75）D（Z=-3.34、-7.36、-4.95,均 P<0.001）。6～<12岁组的SE差值在3组为0（0～0.12）D、0.25（0.12～0.25）D、0.44（0.28～0.69）D （Z=-0.83,P=0.405;Z=-5.30,P<0.001;Z=-3.53,P<0.001）。B组使用1%阿托品散瞳后SE较使用0.5% 复方托吡卡胺后偏正,SE差值为0.25（0.13～0.50）D（Z=-15.46,P<0.001）。3～<6岁组使用1%阿 托品后和使用0.5%复方托吡卡胺后的SE差值在无内斜近视组、无内斜远视组和伴内斜视组分别为 0.25（0.19～0.25）D、0.38（0.25～0.75）D、0.69（0.30～1.03）D（Z=-3.15,P=0.002,Z=-9.89, P<0.001,Z=-4.79,P<0.001）。6～<12岁组的SE差值在3组分别为0（0～0.12）D、0.32（0.13～0.38）D、 0.50（0.41～0.50）D（Z=-1.37,P=0.171;Z=-7.15,P<0.001;Z=-4.37,P<0.001）。结论：1%盐酸环 喷托酯滴眼液或0.5%复方托吡卡胺滴眼液点眼后散瞳验光SE与1%阿托品眼用凝胶点眼后散瞳验光 的SE在6～<12岁无内斜视的近视儿童中相近,在3～<6岁和6～<12岁远视及伴内斜视儿童中存在 差异。     

国产盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液和托吡胺对眼睫状肌麻痹效果的比较研究

目的:观察国产盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液对人眼睫状肌麻痹和瞳孔散大的效果。方法:入选者48例左右眼随机分入试验组和对照组,分别滴用10g/L盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液和托吡卡胺滴眼液,每次1滴,隔5min再滴1次。于给药前1/6,给药后1/3,3/4,5/4,24,48h检查瞳孔直径和残余调节量。结果:国产盐酸环喷托酯的散瞳效应较托吡卡胺弱(P<0.01),但持续时间较长(P<0.01);盐酸环喷托酯的麻痹睫状肌效应较托吡卡胺强(P<0.01),持续时间也较长(P<0.01)。结论:盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液是一种安全有效的睫状肌麻痹剂,其麻痹睫状肌的效果优于托吡卡胺。     

盐酸环喷托酯和阿托品对远视儿童睫状肌麻痹效果的比较

目的:比较盐酸环喷托酯与阿托品对远视儿童睫状肌麻痹效果,以评估盐酸环喷托酯的临床使用价值。方法:对96例192眼远视儿童进行观察,先用盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液,后用阿托品眼膏,分析比较两种药物睫状肌麻痹后的验光结果和观察药物的不良反应。结果:两组睫状肌麻痹后的验光结果差异无显著性(P>0.05)。盐酸环喷托酯组未见明显药物不良反应,低于阿托品组(12.5%)。结论:盐酸环喷托酯是一种强效、快速且安全的睫状肌麻痹剂,值得临床推广应用,尤其适合远视儿童的睫状肌麻痹验光检查。     

盐酸环喷托酯在眼科的应用

盐酸环喷托酯作为一种抗胆碱药物,具有睫状肌麻痹完全、散瞳效果好、起效快、持续时间短的特点,与传统药物(阿托品、托吡卡胺)相比有明显优势,可以广泛用于眼科屈光检查及葡萄膜炎和睫状环阻滞性青光眼等的散瞳治疗.本文就盐酸环喷托酯的作用机制、临床效果及不良反应作一综述.     

比较阿托品和复方托吡卡胺对学龄期儿童散光的影响

目的：对6~12岁儿童使用阿托品和复方托吡卡胺麻痹睫状肌前后的散光变化进行矢量分析,探讨不同睫状肌麻痹剂对学龄期儿童散光的影响。方法：回顾性病例对照研究。收集2019年1月至2020年9月于南京医科大学附属儿童医院眼科门诊进行睫状肌麻痹验光的6~12岁儿童1 262例（1 262眼）,按使用不同睫状肌麻痹剂分为阿托品组（530眼）和复方托吡卡胺组（732眼）,均选取右眼作为研究对象。采用TOPCON KR 800型全自动电脑验光仪对所有儿童进行睫状肌麻痹前后电脑验光检查,记录球镜度、柱镜度和轴向。通过Thibos矢量分析方法将散光分解为J0和J45。睫状肌麻痹前后散光各矢量成分的差异比较采用t检验,睫状肌麻痹前后J0和J45的相关性采用Spearman相关分析,一致性采用Bland-Altman图描述。结果：复方托吡卡胺组睫状肌麻痹后J0成分增加0.04±0.13（t=8.34,P<0.001）。进一步按散光程度和SE高低分组,阿托品组睫状肌麻痹前后J0和J45差异均无统计学意义;复方托吡卡胺组J0差异在各组均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）,J45仅在高度散光组及近视组差异有统计学意义（t=-2.18,P=0.031;t=-2.67,P=0.008）。Spearman相关分析发现2组睫状肌麻痹前后J0和J45相关性高,Bland-Altman分析显示2组睫状肌麻痹前后J0和J45一致性均较好。结论：与阿托品相比,滴用复方托吡卡胺进行睫状肌麻痹后散光变化显著,特别是对近视或高度散光的学龄期儿童。     

盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液在近视儿童散瞳验光中的应用

目的分析1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液（赛飞杰）对3-12岁近视儿童散瞳验光的结果,探讨其在3-12岁近视儿童散瞳验光中应用的可行性。方法对58例（116只眼）年龄3-12岁近视儿童患者,分别用1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液和1%阿托品眼膏散瞳验光,比较两种方法的验光结果。结果 1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液与1%阿托品眼膏散瞳后球镜值和柱镜值差异无显著性,P0.05。球镜值在116只眼中,结果相同或相差≤0.50D者114只眼,相差≥0.75D者2只眼,球镜值符合率为98.28%。柱镜值在68只眼中,结果相同或相差≤0.25D者67只眼,相差≥0.75D者1只眼,符合率为98.53%。各年龄组球镜值和柱镜值符合率均在95%以上,差异无统计学意义,P0.05。结论 1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液是一种安全有效的睫状肌麻痹剂,可用于3-12岁近视儿童散瞳验光。     

环喷托酯和阿托品对近视儿童睫状肌麻痹效应的Meta分析

目的:系统评价环喷托酯和阿托品应用于近视儿童验光前的睫状肌麻痹效应和安全性。方法:在PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库中检索自建库至2020-04发表的关于比较环喷托酯与阿托品用于近视儿童睫状肌麻痹效果的相关文献。对于筛选出来的文献,经资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:本研究最终纳入9篇文献,其中使用阿托品者588眼,使用环喷托酯者592眼。Meta分析结果显示,近视儿童验光前使用环喷托酯和阿托品进行睫状肌麻痹后屈光度[WMD=-0.01,95%CI(-0.30,0.27),P=0.93]和残余调节力[WMD=0.22,95%CI(-0.13,0.58),P=0.22]均无差异,但环喷托酯不良反应发生率较低,更安全。结论:环喷托酯与阿托品对近视儿童的睫状肌麻痹作用相当,且安全性较高,可以替代阿托品对近视儿童在验光前使用。     

Comparison of Cyclopentolate,Compound Tropicamide and Atropine on Cycloplegiain Children

Objective: To investigate and compare the cycloplegic effect of cyclopentolate, compound topicamide and atropine in children with different ages, refractive status and accommodative esotropia. Methods: This prospective clinical study had been conducted at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between September 2018 and September 2019 in 283 children (566 eyes) of 3-12 years old with refractive error. All the children were given 1% atropine to obtain the refractive diopter, and they were randomly divided into group A and group B. The two group are divided into 3-<6 years old group and 6-<12 years old group according to age. The 3-<6 years old group and the 6-<12 years old group are divided into three subgroups: The myopia group without esotropia, the hyperopia group without esotropia and the esotropia group. After 5 weeks, pupil size and light reflex back to normal. Group A received 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops for computer optometry, and group B received 0.5% compound tropicamide eye drops for computer optometry. The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to statistically analyze the difference of spherical equivalent of computer optometry before and after 1% atropine, and the difference of computer optometry after different cycloplegia. Results: The SE after 1% atropine was greater than before 1% atropine, the difference of SE was 1.75(1.00-2.75)D, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-20.62, P<0.001). The difference was more obvious children with aged 3 to 6, children with hyperopia and children with esotropia (P<0.001). In group A, the SE after using 1% atropine was greater than that after using 1% cyclopentolate, and the difference of SE was 0.25(0.13-0.50)D (Z=-11.49, P<0.001). The difference of SE in 3-<6 years old group after using 1% atropine and 1% cyclopentolate in the myopia group without esotropia, hyperopia group without esotropia and esotropia group were 0.25(0.25-0.25)D, 0.38(0.25-0.50)D, 0.50(0.38-0.75)D (Z=-3.34, -7.36, -4.95, all P<0.001). The difference of SE of that 3 subgroups in the 6-<12 years group were 0(0-0.12)D, 0.25(0.12-0.25)D, 0.44(0.28-0.69)D (Z=-0.83, P=0.405; Z=-5.30, P<0.001; Z=-3.53, P<0.001). In group B, the SE after using 1% atropine was greater than that after using 0.5% compound tropicamide, and the difference of SE was 0.25(0.13-0.50)D (Z=-15.46, P<0.001). The difference of SE in 3-<6 years old group after using 1% atropine and 0.5% compound tropicamide in the myopia group without esotropia, hyperopia group without esotropia and esotropia group were 0.25(0.19- 0.25)D, 0.38(0.25-0.75)D, 0.69(0.30-1.03)D (Z=-3.15, P=0.002; Z=-9.89, P<0.001; Z=-4.79, P<0.001). The difference of SE of that 3 subgroups in the 6-<12 years group were 0(0-0.12)D, 0.32(0.13-0.38)D, 0.50(0.41-0.50)D (Z=-1.37, P=0.171; Z=-7.15, P<0.001; Z=-4.37, P<0.001). Conclusions: The spherical equivalent of mydriasis refraction with 1% cyclopentolate eye drops or 0.5% compound tropicamide eye drops is similar to that with 1% atropine in myopic children aged 6 to 12 years without esotropia, and it is different from that with 1% atropine in 3-<6 years old children and children with hyperopia and esotropia at 6-<12 years old.     

手持自动验光仪在学龄前儿童验光中的应用

目的：评估HAR-800手持验光仪对学龄前儿童屈光检查的准确性。

方法：对173例学龄前儿童进行检影验光,首先行HAR-800手持验光仪检查(试验组),然后应用阿托品眼膏进行扩瞳检影验光(对照组),比较两种检影验光的屈光差异。

结果：试验组球镜为1.59±0.61D,对照组为3.15±0.72D,两者有显著统计学差异(t=-82.89, P<0.01),且具有相关性(r=0.87,P<0.01)。试验组散光为-0.62±0.51D,对照组为-0.48±0.55D,两者有显著统计学差异(t=-6.97,P<0.01),且具有显著相关性(r=0.76,P<0.01)。

结论：HAR-800手持验光仪不能替代阿托品检影验光,但其结果可以反映学龄前儿童的屈光状况。     

Cost-effectiveness of cycloplegic agents: results of a randomized controlled trial in nigerian children

PURPOSE: To compare the cost and effectiveness of three cycloplegic agents among Nigerian children. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-three children aged 4 to 15 years attending outpatient eye clinics in Nigeria were randomized to (1) 1% cyclopentolate, (2) 1% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide, or (3) 1% atropine drops in each eye (instilled at home over 3 days). Ten children were lost to follow-up, nine from the atropine group. An optometrist measured the residual accommodation (primary outcome), dilated pupil size, pupil response to light, and self-reported side effects (secondary outcomes). Caregivers were interviewed about costs incurred due to cycloplegia (primary outcome). The incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated as the difference in cost divided by the difference in effectiveness comparing two agents. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ICERs were estimated through bootstrapping. RESULTS: The atropine group had significantly lower mean residual accommodation (0.04 +/- 0.01 D [SE]), than the combined regimen (0.36 +/- 0.05 D) and cyclopentolate (0.63 +/- 0.06 D) groups (P < 0.001). Atropine and the combined regimen produced better results for negative response to light and dilated pupil size than cyclopentolate. Atropine was more expensive, but also more effective, than the other agents. The ICER comparing atropine to the combined regimen was 1.81 (95% CI = -6.31-15.35) and compared to cyclopentolate was 0.59 (95% CI = -3.47-5.47). The combined regimen was both more effective and less expensive than cyclopentolate alone. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of cyclopentolate and tropicamide should become the recommended agent for routine cycloplegic refraction in African children. The combined regimen was more effective than cyclopentolate, but not more expensive, and was preferable to atropine, since it incurred fewer losses to follow-up.     

环戊通与阿托品儿童睫状肌麻痹效果比较的Meta分析

背景睫状肌麻痹后医学验光是目前准确测量屈光不正度数的主要方法。常用的睫状肌麻痹药物阿托品和托吡卡胺各有优缺点,环戊通（盐酸环喷托酯）是一种新的选择,但目前尚缺乏对各种药物睫状肌麻痹效果进行评价和比较的研究结果。目的系统评价环戊通与阿托品对儿童睫状肌麻痹效果的差别。方法采用严密设计的检索策略检索MEDLINE、EMbase、Google学术搜索、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBMdisc）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）,对1980年1月至2011年5月公开发表的有关环戊通与阿托品睫状肌麻痹效果比较的相关文献进行Meta分析。Meta分析的最终指标为环戊通与阿托品睫状肌麻痹后的检影结果及残余调节力,用屈光度“D”表示。采用RevMan5．1．0进行统计学分析,连续性变量以加权均数差（WMD）、95％可信区间（c,）为分析统计量。结果共有7篇符合纳入标准的文献纳入研究,研究设计包括队列研究和随机双盲临床对照研究,共纳入1232眼。分析结果表明,环戊通与阿托品在远视儿童睫状肌麻痹后的检影结果差异无统计学意义（WMD=-0．21,95％CI：-0．47～0．06,P=0．13）;环戊通与阿托品应用后近视儿童的检影结果差异无统计学意义（WMD=-0．10,95％CI：-0．36～0．15,P=0．43）;二者在屈光不正儿童睫状肌麻痹后的残余调节力研究表明二者差异无统计学意义（WMD=0．30,95％C1：-0．10～0．71,P=0．15）。结论环戊通与阿托品在儿童睫状肌麻痹方面的效果相同,在儿童睫状肌麻痹验光中可相互替代使用。     

Cycloplegic effectiveness of cyclopentolate and tropicamide preparations compared with atropinization

To gain a comparative estimate of cycloplegic agents with mild effect vs conventional atropinization, a study was performed on refraction in 57 children after instillations of cyclopentolate and atropine and in 57 children after instillations of tropicamide and atropine. A difference was determined in refraction after instillation of cycloplegic agents with mild effect and atropine. It turned out that by depth of cycloplegic effect cyclopentolate is reaching that of atropine. Cyclopentolate can be used in initial study of refraction in children with hypermetropic and myopic refraction and in repeated studies of any refraction. Tropicamide is less effective cycloplegic agent than cyclopentolate and thus it can be used in initial studies of refraction in children with myopia and in repeat studies of refraction in children with myopia and hypermetropia and also in cases of intolerance of other cycloplegic agents.     

Comparative study on the safety and efficacy of different cycloplegic agents in children with darkly pigmented irides

BACKGROUND: The ideal cycloplegic drug that is safe, effective and convenient in children is not yet available. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three cycloplegic regimens in hyperopic children with pigmented irides. The responses to cycloplegia in different age groups and presence of strabismus were also compared. METHODS: Tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 0.5% (regimen I), tropicamide 1.0% and cyclopentolate 1.0% (regimen II), and atropine 1.0% (regimen III) were evaluated in 25 children using a crossover study design. Cycloplegic refractions were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age of the children was 5.7 +/- 2.0 years (range 2.5-10.8 years). Six (24.0%) of them had strabismus. The spherical equivalent (SE) refraction for regimens I, II and III were +5.11 +/- 2.04 D, +5.29 +/- 1.89 D and +5.71 +/- 1.90 D, respectively, and were significant different from the manifest SE (+3.95 +/- 2.17 D) (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between regimen I and II in children without strabismus (P = 0.258) or aged older than 5 years (P > 0.050). CONCLUSION: In older children, regimen I was as effective as regimen II and can be used to avoid cyclopentolate toxicity.