早期胃癌淋巴结微转移研究进展

评价早期胃癌预后最主要指标是有无淋巴结转移和肿瘤浸润深度。早期胃癌淋巴结微转移的研究大大提高了诊断胃癌淋巴结转移的准确性,使得该疾病的临床病理分期及其预后的评价更具科学性,对确定手术方案及综合治疗有重要意义。     

早期胃癌的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 探讨和总结早期胃癌(early gastric cancer,EGC)的临床病理特征,并分析其与患者预后之间的关系,研究EGC淋巴转移的规律.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月-2005年12月152例EGC的临床病理资料及其对预后的影响.结果 肿瘤大小、浸润深度及淋巴转移与EGC预后相关.结论 淋巴转移是影响EGC预后的关键因素,肿瘤大小、浸润深度、分化程度是EGC淋巴转移的独立危险因子,术前对这些因素的评估有助于选择合理的治疗方案.     

前哨淋巴结检测在早期胃癌中的临床应用价值

[目的]探讨前哨淋巴结（SLN）检测技术（sLNB）在早期胃癌中的临床应用价值。[方法]138例早期胃癌术中亚甲蓝定位活检SLN,术后行常规苏木精一伊红染色病理和AE1／AE3免疫组织化学法检查。[结果]38例中35例检出SLN,检出率为92．1％。由SLN状态预测胃周淋巴结转移情况的准确率为91．4％（32／35）,敏感性为85．7％（18／21）,特异性为100．％（18／18）,假阴性率为14．3％（3／21）。AE1／AE3免疫组化法与常规苏木精一伊红染色法检测SLN转移的检出率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。[结论-1SLN能较准确反映早期胃癌的淋巴结转移状况,AE1／AE3免疫组化法较常规苏木精一伊红染色病理检查更为敏感,能提高SLN微转移的检出率,对确定临床分期、诊疗及判断预后有着积极的临床意义。     

伴淋巴结转移的早期胃癌病理组织形态学研究

目的通过研究早期胃癌发展过程中组织形态学的变迁，预测其淋巴结转移的难易程度。方法以伴淋巴结转移的81例早期胃癌作为转移组，抽取81例不伴淋巴结转移者作为对照组，两组均含11例黏膜内癌，70例黏膜下癌，组织学分类及肿瘤部位相似，具可比性。将各组的肿瘤灶亚分类为表层部、浸润部，各病灶的病理组织形态学依据规范分为分化型、混合型、未分化型。对各病例相关因子进行统计学分析研究。结果浸润部较表层部组织分化程度低下者，转移组为40．7％，较对照组的11．9％为高。转移组表层部的分化型胃癌和未分化型胃癌，其浸润部同一组织学分化程度较对照组为低，其差异有统计学意义（分别为P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。转移组的表层部与浸润部的分化程度合致率为61．7％，明显低于对照组的77．8％，其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。转移组的男女比率为1．9：1，较对照组的3．3：1为低，其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论早期胃癌中，癌灶水平方向和浸润先端部的垂直方向组织学分化程度的变化更易出现。浸润部与黏膜同有层癌组织学分化程度不同者，尤其是组织学分化程度趋低下者易出现淋巴结转移。女性较男性更易出现淋巴结转移。     

中老年早期胃癌淋巴结转移的Logistic多因素分析

目的分析中老年早期胃癌淋巴结转移的相关因素。方法选择早期胃癌患者148例作为观察对象,观察患者发生淋巴结转移情况。采用Logistic多因素分析影响中老年早期胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,收集资料包括性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、分化程度、肿瘤最大径、合并基础疾病、浸润深度、脉管瘤栓、组织学分型。结果纳入的148例早期胃癌患者中发生淋巴结转移35例(23.65%)。单因素分析表明,有无淋巴结转移两组的性别、年龄、肿瘤位置和合并基础疾病比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);淋巴结转移组低分化比例明显高于无淋巴结转移组,肿瘤最大径≥2 cm比例明显高于无淋巴结转移组,浸润黏膜下层比例明显高于无淋巴结转移组,脉管瘤栓比例明显高于无淋巴结转移组,组织学未分化型比例明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P0.05)。将单因素分析差异具有统计学意义的因素纳入多因素Logistic分析,结果显示分化程度、肿瘤最大径、浸润深度、脉管瘤栓和组织学分型为影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素。结论中老年早期胃癌淋巴结转移受多因素影响,其中分化程度、肿瘤最大径、浸润深度、脉管瘤栓和组织学分型为影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素。     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移的临床病理特征分析

背景：淋巴结转移是影响早期胃癌（EGC）预后的首要因素。目的：探讨EGC淋巴结转移的危险因素,为制定合理的治疗方案提供临床依据。方法：回顾性分析南京鼓楼医院2002年9月～2008年12月经手术病理证实的250例EGC患者,分别采用单因素和多因素分析探讨性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、大体类型、溃疡、组织学类型、浸润深度、淋巴管肿瘤浸润以及神经侵犯与淋巴结转移的关系。结果：EGC淋巴结转移率达14．0％。单因素分析显示性别、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴管肿瘤浸润和神经侵犯与EGC淋巴结转移相关（P〈0．05）。多因素分析显示女性、肿瘤大小（〉2cm）、黏膜下层浸润和淋巴管肿瘤浸润是EGC淋巴结转移的独立危险因素（P〈0．05）。在肿瘤直径≤2cm且分化良好的黏膜内EGC患者中未发现淋巴结转移。结论：评估EGC淋巴结转移与临床病理特征的关系具有重要的临床意义。肿瘤直径≤2cm且分化良好的黏膜内EGC可行内镜治疗。     

早期胃癌淋巴结微转移研究进展

评价早期胃癌预后最主要指标是有无淋巴结转移和肿瘤浸润深度。早期胃癌淋巴结微转移的研究大大提高了诊断胃癌淋巴结转移的准确性，使得该疾病的临床病理分期及其预后的评价更具科学性，对确定手术方案及综合治疗有重要意义。     

早期胃癌32例临床病理分析

目的 探讨早期胃癌的临床与病理特点,提高早期胃癌的检出率,以期改善胃癌患者的预后.方法 收集2001-2005年经手术切除病理证实为早期胃癌32例患者的病历资料,分析其临床病理特点.结果 早期胃癌与某些病理特点有关.结论 提高早期胃癌的发现率,并综合分析临床症状、胃镜检查及活检结果,选择合适的治疗方案.     

25例早期胃癌临床病理分析

本院自1975年11月—1992年12月共作胃镜13756人次,经手术病理检查证实早期胃癌25例,其胃镜检出率为0.18％,早癌占胃癌总数556例的4.5％,现总结分析如下。     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移影响因素分析

背景：手术是早期胃癌的首选治疗方法。淋巴结转移是早期胃癌的关键预后因素,术中淋巴结清扫虽可降低术后复发率,但清扫过度可能导致患者术后生活质量降低。目的：分析早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。方法：1982年1月～2009年2月于上海市长宁区中心医院行胃癌根治术且淋巴结清扫〉15枚的376例早期胃癌患者纳入研究,分析性别、年龄以及6项肿瘤临床病理特征与淋巴结转移之间的关系。结果：单因素分析显示．肿瘤≥2cm、大体类型为隆起型、黏膜下浸润、分化差和有淋巴管癌栓与早期胃癌淋巴结转移有关,而性别、年龄和肿瘤部位与淋巴结转移之间无明显相关性。多因素logistic回归显示肿瘤大小、浸润深度和分化程度是早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论：临床医师术前可通过内镜超声、CT和活检病理检查确定早期胃癌的淋巴结肿大情况以及肿瘤大小、浸润深度和组织学类型．据此推测有无淋巴结转移倾向．从而选择合理的手术方式和术中淋巴结清扫范围。     

Clinicopathological features of early gastric cancer with duodenal invasion

The incidence of early gastric cancer （EGC） with duodenal invasion is extremely low, although advanced gastric cancer that arises in the antrum occasionally invades the duodenum. We investigated the clinicopathological features of EGC with duodenal invasion and provided strategies for clinical management.A Medline search was performed using the keyword early gastric cancer＂ and ＂duodenal invasion＇： Additional articles were obtained from references within the papers identified by the Medline search. We revealed that EGC with duodenal invasion was of the superficial spreading type of tumor. Tumors 〉 60 mm in size invaded the duodenum more extensively, and the distance of duodenal invasion from the pyloric ring was further in the elevated type than in the depressed type of tumor.There was no significant difference between the length of duodenal invasion and the histological type of the tumor. Gastric cancer located adjacent to the pyloric ring, even if cancer invasion was confined to the mucosa or submucosa, was more likely to invade the duodenum.The present study reveals that the elevated type of EGC is associated with more extensive duodenal invasion when the tumor size is 〉 60 ram, thus highlighting the importance of identification of duodenal invasion in these cases. We also reveal that sufficient duodenal resection with a cancer-free distal surgical margin should be performed in cases of duodenal invasion.     

Clinicopathological features of alpha-fetoprotein producing early gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation

AIMTo investigate clinicopathological features of early stage gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation (GCED).METHODSWe retrospectively investigated data on 6 cases of early stage GCED and 186 cases of early stage conventional gastric cancer (CGC: well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma) who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection from September 2011 to February 2015 in our hospital. GCED was defined as a tumor having a primitive intestine-like structure composed of cuboidal or columnar cells with clear cytoplasm and immunohistochemical positivity for either alpha-fetoprotein, Glypican 3 or SALL4. The following were compared between GCED and CGC: age, gender, location and size of tumor, macroscopic type, ulceration, depth of invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion, positive horizontal and vertical margin, curative resection rate.RESULTSSix cases (5 males, 1 female; mean age 75.7 years; 6 lesions) of early gastric cancer with a GCED component and 186 cases (139 males, 47 females; mean age 72.7 years; 209 lesions) of early stage CGC were investigated. Mean tumor diameters were similar but rates of submucosal invasion, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and non-curative resection were higher in GCED than CGC (66.6% vs 11.4%, 33.3% vs 2.3%, 66.6% vs 0.4%, 83.3% vs 11% respectively, P < 0.01). Deep submucosal invasion was not revealed endoscopically or by preoperative biopsy. Histologically, in GCED the superficial mucosal layer was covered with a CGC component. The GCED component tended to exist in the deeper part of the mucosa to the submucosa by lymphatic and/or venous invasion, without severe stromal reaction. In addition, Glypican 3 was the most sensitive marker for GCED (positivity, 83.3%), immunohistochemically.CONCLUSIONEven in the early stage GCED has high malignant potential, and preoperative diagnosis is considered difficult. Endoscopists and pathologists should know the clinicopathological features of this highly malignant type of cancer.     

漏诊型同时性多发早期胃癌的临床病理特征分析

目的:探讨漏诊型同时性多发早期胃癌（synchronous multiple early gastric cancer,SMEGC）的临床病理学特征。方法:回顾性收集并分析2015年1月—2019年12月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院就诊的10例漏诊型SMEGC患者的临床资料,并对其临床特点、内镜表现及病理结果进行描述...     

Clinicopathological study of early cancer-like advanced gastric cancer

We had clinicopathologically studied early cancer-like advanced gastric cancer in relation to peptic ulcer (UI). Early cancer-like advanced cancers with the difficulty to distinguish from early gastric cancer were selected for materials. Result were as followed: 1) Early cancer-like advanced cancers were consisted of 133 lesions, of which 128 lesions (96.2%) had peptic ulcer in cancerous lesion (73 lesions were active stage and 55 lesions were scarring stage). 2) Early cancer-like advanced cancers were 17.0% in all advanced gastric cancers. Proper muscle cancer (in which depth of cancerous invasion is up to proper muscle coat) was more common in early cancer-like advanced cancers than in Borrmann type advanced cancers. 3) Early cancer-like advanced cancers with peptic ulcer showed wide intramucosal cancerous infiltration. Thus, average of maximum diameter was 51.8 mm. 4) Those ulcer were commonly reaching to proper muscle coat or subserosa. Submucosal fibrosis was prominent and scattered proliferation of tumor cells were often seen within fibrosis. 5) Extent of cancerous infiltration in mucosa was more wide than that in submucosa. The above findings have led us to consider that early cancer-like advanced cancers have grown because of high degree submucosal fibrosis by the deep ulcerations due to "malignant cycle".     

Clinicopathological features of long-term survivors of scirrhous gastric cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Prognosis of scirrhous gastric cancer remains low. To determine the clinicopathological features that are correlated with prognosis, we studied long-term survivors of scirrhous gastric cancer (survival duration more than 5 years) in comparison with patients with short survival. METHODOLOGY: Among 2719 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery at Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, 211 cases were diagnosed as scirrhous type gastric cancer. Seventeen patients survived more than 5 years, and the rest had short survival (less than 5 years). Comparison of clinicopathological factors was done by chi 2 analysis. Multivariate analysis was done in order to focus on the prognostic factors. RESULTS: The 5-year survival of the total 211 patients was 12%. The 5-year survival of patients who underwent curative surgery (67 cases) was 30%, which was significantly higher than that of the non-curative surgery group (144 cases, 6%). Significant differences were noted in the following variables: peritoneal dissemination, hepatic metastasis, lymph node dissection, pattern of infiltrating growth, depth of invasion, histological lymph node metastasis, histological stage, and histological curability. Patients with either hepatic metastasis or peritoneal dissemination did not survive 5 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that the most significant independent prognostic factor was histological curability, followed by peritoneal dissemination. CONCLUSIONS: There is a possibility of long-term survival for patients with scirrhous gastric cancers without hepatic metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, or extensive lymph node metastasis. Curative surgery is important, suggesting that the extended operation is rational if possible.     

Clinicopathological study on 100 early gastric cancer cases.

Clinicopathological study was given to 100 early gastric cancer cases. The cases included 50 intramucosal lesions (m-group) and 62 submucosal lesions (sm-group), and the share is 17% of whole cases treated surgically. The sex ratio is about 2:1 (male : female). According to the classification by location, the occurrence rate of lesion on anterior wall is 18.8%. This fact suggests the impotance of roentgenscopy by compression technique and double contrast in a prone position focussed on anterior wall. In addition, endoscopy is essential in order to detect minute cancers. The rates of metastasis of early gastric cancers is 2.4% of m-group and 16.1% of sm-group. No metastasis occurs in protruded or elevated type as far as cancer cells remain within the mucosa. Once cancer cells infiltrate into the submucosa, metastasis is observed in 36%. In the present cases, 9 (9%) out of 100 cases of early gastric cancers are the multiple cases. In order to avoid oversight of cancer foci, the portion of stomach to be remained after surgery should be throughly examined prior to operation and again under direct vision after gastric incision.     

Clinicopathological features associated with lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer: Analysis of a single-institution experience in China

BACKGROUND:

An accurate assessment of potential lymph node metastasis is an important issue for the appropriate treatment of early gastric cancer. Minimizing the number of invasive procedures used in cancer therapy is critical for improving the patient’s quality of life.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the clinicopathological features associated with lymph node metastasis of early gastric cancer in patients from a single institution in China.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of data from 410 patients surgically treated for early gastric cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital (Nanjing, China) between 1998 and 2007, was conducted. The clinicopathological variables associated with lymph node metastasis were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Lymph node metastasis was observed in 12.20% of patients. The macroscopic type, tumour size, location in the stomach, depth of gastric carcinoma infiltration, and presence of vascular or lymphatic invasion showed a positive correlation with the incidence of lymph node metastasis by univariate analysis. Multivariate analyses revealed histological classification, macroscopic type, tumour size, depth of gastric carcinoma infiltration, and the presence of vascular or lymphatic invasion to be significantly and independently related to lymph node metastasis. The depth of gastric carcinoma infiltration was the strongest predictive factor for lymph node metastasis. For intramucosal cancer, tumour size was the unique risk factor for lymph node metastasis. For submucosal cancer, histological classification and tumour size were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Histological classification, macroscopic type, tumour size, depth of gastric carcinoma infiltration, and the presence of vascular or lymphatic invasion are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with early gastric cancer in China. Minimal invasive treatment, such as endoscopic mucosal resection, may be possible for highly selected cancers.     

Clinicopathological features and outcomes of patients with gastric cancer:A single-center experience

AIM:To evaluate the location,histopathology,stages,and treatment of gastric cancer and to conduct survival analysis on prognostic factors.METHODS:Patients diagnosed with of stomach cancer in our clinic between 2000 and 2011,with follow-up or a treatment decision,were evaluated retrospectively.They were followed up by no treatment,adjuvant therapy,or metastatic therapy.We excluded from the study any patients whose laboratory records lacked the operating parameters.The type of surgery in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer was total gastrectomy,subtotal gastrectomy or palliative surgery.Patients with indications for adjuvant treatment were treated with adjuvant and/or radio-chemotherapy.Prognostic evaluation was made based on the parameters of the patient,tumor and treatment.RESULTS:In this study,outpatient clinic records of patients with gastric cancer diagnosis were analyzed retrospectively.A total of 796 patients were evaluated(552male,244 female).The median age was 58 years(22-90 years).The median follow-up period was 12 mo(1-276 mo),and median survival time was 12 mo(11.5-12.4 mo).Increased T stage and N stage resulted in a decrease in survival.Other prognostic factors related to the disease were positive surgical margins,lymphovascular invasion,perineural invasion,cardio-esophageal settlement,and the levels of tumor markers in metastatic disease.No prognostic significance of the patient’s age,sex or tumor histopathology was detected.CONCLUSION:The prognostic factors identified in all groups and the proposed treatments according to stage should be applied,and innovations in the new targeted therapies should be followed.