急、慢性高尿酸血症模型的建立

目的拟通过建立急性小鼠与慢性大鼠高尿酸血症模型,并采用阳性药验证两种模型的可治愈性,为抗高尿酸药物的研发提供模型工具。方法急性痛风模型小鼠采用腹腔注射次黄嘌呤联合皮下注射氧嗪酸钾的方法造模,造模后半小时阳性组给予别嘌醇片,造模后2 h测定血尿酸、血肌酐、血清尿素氮及肝黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性。慢性痛风大鼠每天灌胃腺嘌呤及乙胺丁醇盐酸盐造模,阳性组每天给予别嘌醇片,连续21 d后检测血尿酸、血肌酐、血清尿素氮、肝XOD活性并进行肾组织病理学检测。结果急、慢性痛风模型动物血尿酸、血肌酐均显著升高(P0. 05),慢性痛风大鼠还可见血清尿素氮及肝XOD活性显著升高(P0. 05),肾小管间质损伤及尿酸盐结晶加重,评分显著升高(P0. 05)。阳性药别嘌醇可显著降低急、慢性高尿酸动物的血尿酸值,降低慢性高尿酸动物的血肌酐值、肝XOD活性,改善肾损伤及减少尿酸盐结晶(P0. 05)。结论本实验所采用的方法适用于建立急、慢性高尿酸血症动物模型,并可用于药物药效学观察。     

拉布立海治疗慢性痛风石性关节炎1例

本文报道了1例拉布立海治疗慢性痛风石性关节炎的病例。患者为30岁青年男性, 痛风病程12年, 痛风石病程6年, 既往不能耐受最大剂量的非布司他联合苯溴马隆, 入院后查体全身多发大痛风石, 血尿酸627 μmol/L, 双手、膝、足双能CT尿酸盐体积合计167.91 cm3, 在规律口服非布司他80 mg/d和苯溴马隆50 mg/d的基础上, 经患者知情同意使用拉布立海治疗, 治疗期间血尿酸最低降至186 μmol/L, 治疗3个月后痛风石体积缩小, 双能CT尿酸盐体积减少33.6%。拉布立海耐受性良好, 值得进一步研究。     

非布司他与别嘌醇治疗痛风伴高尿酸血症的疗效对比探究

目的分析非布司他与别嘌醇治疗痛风伴高尿酸血症的疗效对比。方法选择80例患者进行研究,分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用别嘌醇治疗,观察组利用非布司他进行治疗。结果观察组患者在治疗后的血尿酸水平明显低于对照组,数据差异存在统计学意义,同时急性痛风发作率也低于对照组,P0.05。结论对于痛风伴高尿酸血症的患者,在治疗过程中,采用非布司他药物的治疗效果要高于别嘌醇,可以有效降低患者体内血尿酸水平,降低急性痛风发作率,保证患者健康。     

非布司他治疗痛风性关节炎的疗效及其安全性评价

目的：观察非布司他治疗痛风性关节炎的疗效及治疗前后患者受累关节彩色超声图像的变化。方法：选择66例男性痛风性关节炎患者,根据药物使用情况分为非布司他组（非布司他40 mg·d^-1,n=37）和别嘌醇组（别嘌醇100 mg·d^-1,n=29）,观察2组患者治疗前后血尿酸（UA）、血脂水平和滑膜周围血流信号及受累关节的彩色多普勒超声图像的变化。结果：2组患者治疗后血UA水平下降,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在16、20和24周,非布司他组患者达到目标血UA值的百分率均较别嘌醇组高,2组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗后非布司他组患者高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平明显升高（P=0.001）,而总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平无明显变化（P>0.05）;别嘌醇组患者治疗前后TC、HDL、LDL和TG水平均无明显变化（P>0.05）。2组患者治疗后大部分痛风结晶消失（非布司他组占71.4%,别嘌醇组占58.9%）,非布司他组较别嘌醇组痛风结晶溶解效果更佳。2组患者痛风急性发作期的关节腔积液、关节周围软组织肿胀和滑膜周围血流信号均有改善,但2组之间比较未见明显差别。2组患者痛风慢性发作期表现比较无明显差异。结论：非布司他可更有效地降低痛风性关节炎患者血UA水平,改善痛风急性发作期表现,痛风结晶溶解效果更佳。     

血必净联合去甲肾上腺素对感染性休克疗效的影响

【摘要】 目的 观察血必净联合去甲肾上腺素(NE)对感染性休克（SS）治疗的临床效果，并探讨其对患者血流动力学和血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)水平的影响。方法 选取我院2015年6月~2017年6月收治的114例SS患者，采取随机数字表法均分为两组，对照组予以去甲肾上腺素治疗，观察组在此基础上加用血必净治疗，记录比较两组的临床疗效，治疗前后血流动力学指标及血清CRP、PCT水平变化，以及不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗14d后，观察组总有效率为930%，较对照组的789%明显上升(P＜005)。随治疗时间的延长，两组肺动脉楔压(PAWP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)及心脏指数(CI)值均逐渐增加(P＜005)；且观察组治疗7、14d后上述指标改善均明显优于对照组(P＜005)。两组血清CRP、PCT水平均随治疗时间的延长而逐渐下降(P＜001)；且观察组治疗7、14d后上述指标水平均较对照组更低(P＜001)。而观察组和对照组不良反应发生率相比，差异无统计学意义(105% vs 140%，P＞005)。结论 血必净联合NE治疗感染性休克更能短期内消除或缓解患者的症状体征，改善微循环，提高治疗效果，且安全可靠。     

头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合莫西沙星治疗COPD合并急性下呼吸道感染临床疗效及对血清相关因子的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合莫西沙星治疗COPD合并急性下呼吸道感染临床疗效及对血清PCT和CRP水平的影响。方法 通过对成都市第五人民医院2017年1月～2018年2月就诊收治的198例COPD合并急性下呼吸道感染患者临床资料做回顾性分析,并根据给药方案的不同分为观察组和对照组,每组各99例。对照组给予单一头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗,观察组给予头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合莫西沙星治疗。比较两组治疗疗效、抗菌疗效、不良反应发生情况及治疗前后的PCT、CRP、WBC、IL 6、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CD3+水平。结果 观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组（χ2=6145,P=0013）;治疗后两组血清PCT、CRP、WBC、IL 6水平均低于治疗前（P＜005）,且观察组各炎性指标水平低于对照组（P＜005）;治疗后两组CD4+/CD8+、CD3+水平均高于治疗前,CD8+水平均低于治疗前（P＜005）,且观察组CD4+/CD8+、CD3+水平高于对照组,CD8+水平低于对照组（P＜005）;观察组细菌清除率高于对照组（χ2=4475,P=0034）;两组患者不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义（2=0421,P=0516）。结论 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合莫西沙星治疗COPD合并急性下呼吸道感染患者临床疗效及抗菌作用显著,可有效地抑制其血清PCT、CRP水平,改善免疫功能,且安全可靠。     

双能CT检查对40例痛风性关节炎患者尿酸盐结晶的临床分析

痛风是一种嘌呤代谢障碍导致血尿酸增高引起的一种代谢性障碍性疾病,而尿酸是以钠盐形式沉积在关节、软组织和肾脏而引起组织的异物炎性反应,一直缺乏简便可靠的诊断方法。双能CT检查能鉴别组织成分、显示特定组织。近年来,国内外多项研究报道双能CT检查在发现关节尿酸盐结晶沉积中具有重要的价值[1-3]。笔者采用双能CT检查检测患者肿痛关节是否存在尿酸盐结晶沉积,探讨双能CT检查在临床诊断痛风性关节炎中的应用价值。     

神经生长因子联合奥拉西坦治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效

【摘要】 目的 探讨神经生长因子联合奥拉西坦治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效及对血清白细胞介素 1β(IL 1β)、白细胞介素 6(IL 6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平的影响。方法 选择2015年10月~2018年5月在我院治疗的高血压脑出血患者472例,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用神经生长因子联合奥拉西坦治疗,对照组使用奥拉西坦治疗。观察和比较两组治疗后临床疗效,治疗前后血清 IL 1β、IL 6、CRP、NSE水平、NIHSS评分、Barthel指数、MMSE评分及血肿体积的变化。结果 经治疗后,观察组的总有效率为953%,明显高于对照组(822%,P＜005);观察组血清 IL 1β、IL 6、CRP、NSE水平均明显的低于对照组［(411±047)pg/ml vs(537±062)pg/ml;(698±072)pg/ml vs(1261±132)pg/ml;(575±061)mg/ml vs(934±102)mg/ml;(945±104)ng/ml vs(1134±121)ng/ml］(P＜005);NIHSS评分、血肿体积明显低于对照组,Barthel指数、MMSE 评分均高于对照组(P＜005)。结论 奥拉西坦联合神经生长因子治疗高血压脑出血患者,能够显著改善神经功能损伤,降低血清IL 1β、IL 6、CRP、NSE水平,提高临床疗效。     

非布司他治疗痛风的临床效果研究

目的 探讨非布司他治疗痛风的临床效果。方法 将我院选取2014年1月~2015年12月收治的60例急性发作期痛风患者随机分为观察组、对照组,每组30例,所有患者均保持痛风饮食及常规治疗,观察组治疗开始就予非布司他40 mg,1次/d口服;对照组在关节肿痛缓解后再予别嘌醇100 mg,3次/d,连续治疗8周,比较两组治疗前后血尿酸的变化情况。结果 治疗8周后,两组患者的血尿酸水平分别较治疗前显著降低,观察组患者治疗后的血尿酸水平(359.16±82.12)mmol/L,显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 非布司他较别嘌醇更能有效降低痛风患者的尿酸水平,改善患者的临床症状及提高疗效,且安全性较好,值得推广和应用。     

降钙素原和C反应蛋白在小儿脓毒症早期诊断及判断病情严重程度中的价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）在小儿脓毒症早期诊断及判断病情严重程度中的价值。方法 选取2013年1月至2015年6月间来院就诊并接受治疗的104例感染性疾病患儿,根据病情分为脓毒症组63例和非脓毒症组41例,对两组患儿血清中的PCT和CRP进行测定并进行分析对比。结果 脓毒症组患儿的PCT和CRP水平均显著性高于非脓毒症组（P＜005）;脓毒症组患儿中严重脓毒症组患儿的PCT和CRP水平均显著性高于非严重组（P＜005）;非严重组患儿的PCT和CRP水平均显著性高于非脓毒症组（P＜005）;PCT诊断脓毒症的曲线下面积为（09±01）,敏感度为901%,特异度为856%,诊断准确率为839%。CRP诊断脓毒症的曲线下面积为（07±01）,此时敏感度为798%,特异度为699%,诊断准确率为705%。PCT 与 CRP 曲线下面积、敏感度以及诊断准确率比较均差异有统计学意义( 均P＜005)。结论 在小儿脓毒症的早期诊断中,血清降钙素原检测较血清C反应蛋白检测相比有较高的敏感性和特异性,在判断脓毒症病情严重程度方面,PCT检测和CRP检测相比两者临床价值相当。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.