五味苦参肠溶胶囊对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的疗效及作用机制研究

目的探讨五味苦参肠溶胶囊对溃疡性结肠炎（UC）大鼠的疗效及作用机制。方法采用3%葡聚糖硫酸钠建立UC大鼠模型,造模成功后采用随机数字表法将大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、美沙拉嗪组及五味苦参肠溶胶囊组,每组10只,每日给予0.9%氯化钠溶液或相应药物灌胃,连续2周,观察并比较各组大鼠疾病活动指数（DAI）评分、结肠黏膜损伤指数（CMDI）评分,采用ELISA法测定血清IL-6、IL-10水平,qRT-PCR法检测结肠组织IL-6、IL-10mRNA表达情况,免疫组化法检测结肠组织内黏液蛋白2（MUC2）表达水平,采用髓过氧化物酶比色法检测结肠组织髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性。结果与空白组相比,模型组大鼠DAI评分、CMDI评分、血清IL-6水平及结肠组织IL-6mRNA表达水平、MPO活性均升高（均P＜0.05）,血清IL-10水平及结肠组织IL-10mRNA、MUC2表达水平均下降（均P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,美沙拉嗪组和五味苦参肠溶胶囊组大鼠DAI评分、CMDI评分、血清IL-6水平及结肠组织IL-6mRNA表达水平、MPO活性均下降（均P＜0.05）,血清IL-10水平及结肠组织IL-10mRNA、MUC2表达水平均升高（均P＜0.05）。结论五味苦参肠溶胶囊可能通过降低促炎因子IL-6水平和升高抗炎因子IL-10水平、上调MUC2表达量、降低MPO活性来减轻UC大鼠炎症反应,促进肠黏膜修复。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的修复

目的：观察移植骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）对溃疡性结肠炎（UC）大鼠结肠病变的修复.方法：分离培养、荧光标记SD大鼠BMSCs.A,B,C组大鼠制作UC模型,D组为非模型组.4组大鼠均经尾静脉注射1 mL液体：A组为生理盐水;B,D组为BMSCs;C组为加表皮生长因子（EGF）的BMSCs.移植后3,7,14 d各处死5只大鼠,荧光显微镜下观察荧光标记BMSCs在结肠的分布,光镜观察结肠病变以及TNF-α和IL-10的表达.结果：移植第3日各组均可见BMSCs分布于结肠黏膜,病灶处多于正常结肠黏膜.移植第14日,B,C组结肠BMSCs高于D组（P〈0.05）;与A组比较,B,C组结肠黏膜高表达IL-10,低表达TNF-α,其黏膜损伤修复程度也明显优于A组.B,C组间差异不明显（P〉0.05）.结论：移植BMSCs可促进UC大鼠结肠损伤的修复.单次给予EGF不能促进BMSCs向病灶的迁移和损伤的修复.     

基于miR-34a/SIRT1轴探讨奥沙拉秦钠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制

目的探讨奥沙拉秦钠对溃疡性结肠炎的治疗效果及其与微小RNA-34a/沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）（miR-34a/SIRT1）轴在氧化应激方面的可能作用机制。方法80只雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、（奥沙拉秦钠）低、中、高剂量组、阴性转染组、miR-34a过表达组、高剂量+miR-34a过表达组（HG组）,每组各10只。观察各组小鼠生长情况并计算疾病活动指数（DAI）评分;采用HE染色检测小鼠结肠组织病理变化并计算病理HI评分;qRT-PCR法检测小鼠结肠组织中miR-34a、SIRT1mRNA表达水平;硝酸还原酶法检测各组小鼠结肠组织氧化应激水平;ELISA法检测各组小鼠血清炎性因子水平;Westernblot法检测小鼠结肠组织中SIRT1蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组相比,模型组小鼠DAI评分、HI评分、结肠组织中miR-34a表达水平、丙二醛（MDA）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、一氧化氮（NO）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）水平、血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-8水平均明显升高（均P＜0.05）,结肠组织中SIRT1mRNA、蛋白表达、SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平均明显降低（均P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,低、中、高剂量组小鼠DAI评分、HI评分、结肠组织中miR-34a表达水平、MDA、MPO、NO、iNOS水平、血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-8表达水平均明显降低,结肠组织中SIRT1mRNA、蛋白表达、SOD、GSH-Px水平均明显升高（均P＜0.05）。与高剂量组相比,低、中剂量组小鼠DAI评分、HI评分、结肠组织中miR-34a表达水平均明显升高,结肠组织中SIRT1mRNA表达水平均明显降低（均P＜0.05）,miR-34a过表达组与HG组小鼠结肠组织MDA、MPO、NO、iNOS水平、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-8表达水平及结肠组织miR-34a表达水平均明显升高,结肠组织SOD、GSH-Px水平及SIRT1蛋白表达水平均明显降低（均P＜0.05）。与阴性转染组相比,miR-34a过表达组小鼠结肠组织MDA、MPO、NO、iNOS水平、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-8表达水平及结肠组织miR-34a表达水平均明显升高,结肠组织SOD、GSH-Px水平及SIRT1蛋白表达水平均明显降低（均P＜0.05）。结论奥沙拉秦钠可下调miR-34a并上调SIRT1表达,进而有效抑制溃疡性结肠炎小鼠氧化应激反应及炎症反应实现治疗目的。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤炎性细胞因子的影响

目的：探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）移植对缺血再灌注大鼠对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-10（IL-10）的影响。方法：实验动物随机分为假手术组、模型组、尼莫地平对照组、BMSCs组。采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉缺血（MCAO）模型,缺血2 h再灌注72 h后,各组进行神经功能评分,应用荧光显微镜观察海马CA1区PKH-26标记的移植BMSCs分布,运用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）方法检测大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10含量变化。结果：PKH-26标记的BMSCs在海马CA1区有表达;BMSCs组神经功能损害评分低于模型组和尼莫地平组（P〈0.05）;与尼莫地平组和模型组比较,BMSCs组能明显降低血清中IL-1β和IL-6含量（P〈0.05）,升高血清中IL-10含量（P〈0.05）。结论：BMSCs对大鼠脑缺血再灌注有神经保护作用,其作用机制可能与下调血清中IL-1β、IL-6含量,上调IL-10含量有关。     

α-硫辛酸对溃疡性结肠大鼠模型脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的保护作用及可能机制。方法 健康SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、模型组及硫辛酸组,采用三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）制备大鼠UC模型,对照组给予等量生理盐水灌肠,硫辛酸组于造模后给予α-硫辛酸盐液100mg/（kg·d）腹腔注射。生化方法检查大鼠结肠组织丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）含量;同时观察大鼠疾病活动指数（DAI）、肠道大体形态及组织学评分情况。结果 与对照组相比,模型组大鼠肠粘膜MDA、MPO含量显著增高（P〈0.01）,SOD活性和GSH含量明显降低（P〈0.01）,大鼠DAI及肠道大体形态、组织学评分模型组明显升高（P〈0.01）;与模型组相比,硫辛酸组大鼠肠组织MDA、MPO含量,DAI及肠道大体形态、组织学评分明显降低（P〈0.01）,SOD活性和GSH明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论 α-硫辛酸通过抗氧化作用对UC大鼠具有保护作用。     

二白连地汤对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠免疫机能的影响

目的:探讨二白连地汤对溃疡性结肠炎免疫机能的影响。方法:用葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium DSS)造模,随机分组处理,分别观察各组大鼠体重和大便性状,采用疾病活动指数(DAI)对动物状态进行评分,观察其结肠形态及病理学变化并进行评分,测定大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-10的水平。结果:模型组大鼠DAI评分、结肠形态及病理学评分明显高于正常组,血清TNF-α升高、IL-10下降。SASP组及二白连地汤组DAI评分、结肠形态及病理学评分明显低于模型组,血清TNF-α下降、IL-10升高。SASP组与二白连地汤组DAI评分、结肠形态及病理学评分,血清TNF-α、IL-10均无显著性差异。结论:二白连地汤可抑制UC大鼠TNF-α水平,提高IL-10水平,有利于炎症的消除和组织修复,能有效治疗UC。     

大黄与甘草合用对肠功能衰竭大鼠炎性因子的影响研究

目的 探讨大黄与甘草合用对肠功能衰竭大鼠炎性因子的影响以及作用机制。方法 按随机、双盲、平行对照试验设计,2015年6-8月选取SFP级SD大鼠60只,采用随机数字表法分成空白对照组、模型组、大黄组、甘草组、合用组、标准品组,每组10只。模型组、大黄组、甘草组、合用组、标准品组大鼠采用乙酸诱导形成肠功能衰竭模型。造模成功后,大黄组、甘草组、合用组大鼠分别给予5 g/kg大黄、甘草、大黄和甘草溶液灌胃;标准品组大鼠给予40 mg/kg大黄素和甘草酸标准品溶液灌胃;空白对照组和模型组大鼠给予等量0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃。7 d后,采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察结肠组织形态变化。评价疾病活动指数(DAI)、大体形态损伤评分和组织学损伤评分,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测大鼠血清及结肠组织中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白介素（IL）-6 、IL-8 表达水平。结果 与空白对照组比较,模型组、大黄组、甘草组、合用组、标准品组大鼠DAI、大体形态损伤评分及组织学损伤评分升高（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,大黄组、合用组、标准品组大鼠DAI、大体形态损伤评分及组织学损伤评分降低,甘草组大鼠DAI降低（P＜0.05）;与大黄组比较,甘草组大鼠DAI、大体形态损伤评分及组织学损伤评分升高,合用组大鼠DAI及组织学损伤评分降低（P＜0.05）;与甘草组比较,合用组、标准品组大鼠DAI、大体形态损伤评分及组织学损伤评分降低（P＜0.05）;与合用组比较,标准品组大鼠DAI及组织学损伤评分升高（P＜0.05）。与空白对照组比较,模型组、大黄组、甘草组、合用组、标准品组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8 表达水平升高（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,大黄组、甘草组、合用组、标准品组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8 表达水平降低（P＜0.05）。与空白对照组比较,模型组、大黄组、甘草组、合用组、标准品组大鼠结肠组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8 表达水平升高（P＜0.05）;与模型组和甘草组比较,大黄组、合用组、标准品组大鼠结肠组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8 表达水平降低（P＜0.05）。结论 大黄与甘草合用对肠功能衰竭大鼠具有协同抗炎作用,其主要作用的物质基础为大黄素和甘草酸。     

健脾补肾方促进BMSCs增殖治疗溃疡性结肠炎的实验研究

目的 观察健脾补肾方促进骨髓间充质干细胞（Bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）增殖、分化治疗溃疡性结肠炎（Ulcerative colitis,UC）模型大鼠的可能作用机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、BMSCs组、干预BMSCs组和联合组。采用TNBS法建立大鼠UC模型,干预BMSCs和联合组大鼠分别尾静脉注射体外中药干预的BMSCs（0.78 mg/L,1×106）,联合组再予健脾补肾方（浓度13.6 g/kg）灌胃10 d,BMSCs组大鼠尾静脉注射1 mL BMSCs（1×106）,空白组、模型组大鼠尾静脉分别注射1 mL生理盐水。干预第10天每组各处死5只大鼠,留取标本,Western blot法检测大鼠结肠组织肠干细胞标记物Lgr5和Ephrin-B3的蛋白表达水平,检测E-cadherin的蛋白表达水平,采用ELISA法检测各组大鼠结肠组织IL-6、IL-17和TGF-β水平。结果 各移植治疗组较模型组,Lgr5和Ephrin-B3蛋白水平升高（P<0.05）,联合组Lgr5和Ephrin-B3蛋白表达较BMSCs组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;各治疗组E-cadherin蛋白表达较模型组均升高,其中联合组和干预BMSCs组较模型组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,联合组较BMSCs组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合组和干预BMSCs组IL-6、IL-17水平明显降低（P<0.05）,TGF-β水平升高（P<0.05）,且联合组在改善IL-6、TGF-β水平方面较单纯BMSCs治疗有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 健脾补肾方能够促进静脉移植的BMSCs向肠干细胞增殖分化,并调节免疫功能、修复肠黏膜,这可能是其治疗UC的可能机制之一。      

清热利湿解毒方治疗湿热蕴结型溃疡性结肠炎实验研究

目的:观察清热利湿解毒方对湿热蕴结溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative Colitis,UC)模型大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)的影响和其对UC的治疗效果并分析其作用机制。方法:采用TNBS/乙醇+高脂高糖辛辣饮食建立湿热蕴结型UC大鼠模型。将48只大鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,中药组,西药组,每组12只,造模成功后,各治疗组给予相应药物干预治疗,通过证候学指标(DAI评分),结肠黏膜损伤指数(CMDI评分),酶联免疫法测定血清TNF-α、IL-8含量。结果:清热利湿解毒方能明显改善UC大鼠一般情况,促进结肠损伤黏膜的修复,中药组与模型组对比较,能够明显降低DAI评分,CMDI评分,血清中TNF-α、IL-8含量(P0.01)。中药组与西药组对比,DAI评分,CMDI评分,血清中TNF-α、IL-8含量均无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:清热利湿解毒方能明显改善UC大鼠结肠形态、降低黏膜损伤指数、降低血清TNF-α、IL-8含量,与美沙拉嗪具有等效性。清热利湿解毒方能够减轻或消除多种因素对结肠黏膜的损伤,从始动环节干预溃疡性结肠炎的发生发展,从而起到防治溃疡性结肠炎的作用。     

美沙拉嗪联合蒲公英多糖治疗溃疡性结肠炎中炎症因子及髓过氧化物酶相关性的研究

目的：观察蒲公英多糖对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)模型大鼠炎症因子白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-4、IL-8、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平以及结肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平的影响。方法：采用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸复合50%乙醇溶液建立大鼠UC模型,以水提醇沉法提取得到蒲公英精制多糖。50只雄性大鼠随机分为5组：正常对照组、模型对照组、美沙拉嗪组、蒲公英多糖组和美沙拉嗪联合蒲公英多糖治疗组(联合治疗组),每组10只。利用酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组大鼠血清中炎性因子即IL-6、IL-4、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α的含量,以及结肠组织中MPO表达。结果：与正常对照组比较,模型对照组、蒲公英多糖组血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平、结肠组织中MPO的含量升高,IL-4和IL-10水平降低(P<0.05),美沙拉嗪组血清IL-6和TNF-α水平升高,IL-4和IL-10水平降低(P<0.05),联合治疗组各因子水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与模型对照组比较,美沙拉嗪组、蒲公英多糖组和联合治疗组血清IL-6...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.