光泽汀体内遗传毒性风险评价

目的 评价光泽汀小鼠体内的遗传毒性。方法 C57BL/6J小鼠分为溶剂对照（0.5% CMC-Na）组、茜草素（200 mg·kg^-1，结构对照）组、乙酰基亚硝基脲（ENU，40 mg·kg^-1，阳性对照）组、甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS，200 mg·kg^-1，阳性对照）组和光泽汀低、中、高剂量（100、200、300 mg·kg^-1）组，溶剂、光泽汀和茜草素连续7 d ig给予，给药第1天记为D1，阳性对照ENU和EMS分别连续3 d给予，均每天给药1次。于D7、D56采集约0.5 mL外周血用于血清生化检测；于D14、D28、D42、D56采集外周血开展Pig-a基因突变试验；末次给药后采集肝、肾细胞开展彗星试验，分析每只动物至少100个细胞的尾DNA百分含量；末次给药后制备骨髓细胞样本，计算嗜多染红细胞的微核发生率。解剖后取心、肝、脾、肺以及肾脏进行组织病理学检查。结果 试验期间所有动物一般症状未见明显异常，各组动物体质量未见明显差异，未见与给予受试物有关的组织病理学改变。光泽汀低、中、高剂量组及EMS组肾脏尾DNA百分率均显著高于溶剂对照组（P<0.05、0.001），光泽汀高剂量组及EMS组肝脏尾DNA百分率与溶剂对照组比较显著增加（P<0.05、0.001）。光泽汀与茜草素的小鼠骨髓微核试验、Pig-a基因突变试验均为阴性。结论 100～300 mg·kg^-1光泽汀未见对小鼠整体产生明显毒性。光泽汀可导致小鼠肝、肾细胞DNA损伤，肾细胞DNA损伤程度更为严重。     

大鼠肝彗星试验与骨髓微核试验评价结果比较研究

目的 梳理国家药物安全评价监测中心联合开展的大鼠多终点体内遗传毒性试验数据,比较大鼠肝彗星试验与骨髓微核试验结果的一致性和灵敏性。方法 试验分设阴性物质组、作用机制明确的遗传毒性阳性物质组、受试物组,阴性物质包括超纯水、0.9%氯化钠注射液、玉米油、0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）、5%蔗糖和聚山梨酯80,给药体积为10 mL·kg^-1;遗传毒性阳性物质包括200 mg·kg^-1甲磺酸乙酯（EMS）、40 mg·kg^-1N-乙基-N-亚硝基脲（ENU）、40 mg·kg^-1环磷酰胺、75 mg·kg^-1甲基苄肼、800 mg·kg^-1尿烷、75 mg·kg^-1对氯苯胺、40 mg·kg^-1 1,2-二溴-3-氯丙烷和10 mg·kg^-1秋水仙素;受试物包括100、300、1000 mg·kg^-1大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,6.5、65.0、650.0 mg·kg^-1单蒽酮和6.5、65.0、650.0 mg·kg^-1大黄素甲醚。分别在实验0、24、45 hig给药1次,给药体积为10 mL·kg^-1。开展大鼠肝彗星试验和骨髓微核试验,计算每只动物的肝细胞刺猬细胞率和尾DNA百分含量（Tail% DNA）,以及每只动物的嗜多染红细胞（PCE）/总红细胞（ERY）比例和嗜多染红细胞微核（MNPCE）率。结果 大鼠肝彗星试验可有效检出DNA断裂剂,对多种烷化剂（甲磺酸乙酯、甲基苄肼和尿烷等）有较好的预测性,但对环磷酰胺和多倍体诱导剂不灵敏。大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、单蒽酮和大黄素甲醚骨髓微核试验结果均为阴性。大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在1 000 mg·kg^-1剂量下导致的肝Tail% DNA与0.5% CMC-Na组比较显著升高（P<0.05）;单蒽酮的肝彗星试验结果为明确阳性,剂量为650 mg·kg^-1时,单蒽酮可导致大鼠肝Tail% DNA显著升高（P<0.05）,且作用存在剂量相关性;大黄素甲醚的肝彗星试验结果为阴性。结论 大鼠肝彗星试验可与骨髓微核试验互补,有效检出主要作用于肝脏且亲电子性较强的遗传毒性化合物。     

C57BL/6J糖尿病小鼠模型的优化研究

目的 优化链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）诱导的C57BL/6J糖尿病小鼠模型。方法 采用单用不同剂量STZ（180 mg·kg^-1单次给药和275 mg·kg^-1均分5次,每次55 mg·kg^-1,连续5 d）或4周高脂饮食联合不同剂量STZ（50 mg·kg^-1单次给药;100 mg·kg^-1单次给药;150 mg·kg^-1单次给药;200 mg·kg^-1均分2次给药,间隔72 h）,建立糖尿病小鼠模型,检测各组小鼠空腹血糖、体质量、日饮水量及日进食量,比较各组造模成功率及稳定性。结果 STZ 180 mg·kg^-1单次给药、高脂饮食4周+STZ 150 mg·kg^-1单次给药、高脂饮食4周+STZ 200 mg·kg^-1均分2次给药得到的糖尿病小鼠模型,其高血糖的持续时间较长且稳定。结论 STZ 180 mg·kg^-1单次给药是较为理想的1型糖尿病模型;4周高脂饮食联合STZ 150 mg·kg^-1单次给药或200 mg·kg^-1均分2次给药均是较为理想的2型糖尿病模型。     

小鼠匹鲁卡品诱导的癫痫持续状态模型改良研究

目的 探讨小鼠匹鲁卡品癫痫持续状态模型（status epilepticus,SE）建立的优化给药策略。方法 98只ICR小鼠随机分为7组,每组14只,分别采用常规（一次量给药）或改良方法腹腔注射匹鲁卡品。改良方法为先给予150或200 mg·kg^-1匹鲁卡品,30 min内若未发作,则继续给予1~2次30~100 mg·kg^-1匹鲁卡品（给药时间间隔为30 min）。动物行为学结合海马脑电图用于评价SE成功诱导及动物猝死情况。结果 常规方法：200 mg·kg^-1组（即一次量给予200 mg·kg^-1匹鲁卡品）造模成功4例,5例未SE发作,死亡5例;250 mg·kg^-1组造模成功3例,死亡11例;300 mg·kg^-1组动物全部死亡。改良方法：（150+50）mg·kg^-1改良组（先给予150 mg·kg^-1匹鲁卡品,若未发作则追加50 mg·kg^-1匹鲁卡品1~2次）造模成功6例,2例未SE发作,死亡6例;（150+100）mg·kg^-1改良组造模成功7例,死亡7例;（200+30）mg·kg^-1改良组造模成功6例,3例未SE发作,死亡5例;（200+50）mg·kg^-1改良组造模成功9例,死亡5例。结论 常规一次量方法诱导小鼠SE模型时匹鲁卡品有效剂量较难控制,经改良后（200+50）mg·kg^-1的改良方法可能是小鼠匹鲁卡品SE模型建立的较优方法。     

大鼠和小鼠Pig-a基因突变试验历史背景数据采集

目的 介绍大鼠及小鼠 Pig-a基因突变试验方法,并汇总国家药物安全评价监测中心 2015—2022年开展的基于免疫磁珠检测法的大鼠及小鼠 Pig-a 基因突变试验背景数据。方法 阴性物质包括超纯水和 0.5% 羧甲基纤维素钠（CMCNa）,雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠间隔 24 h ig 0.5% CMC-Na,连续 7 d;雄性 SD 大鼠间隔 24 h ig 0.5% CMC-Na,连续 14 d;大鼠间隔24 h ig 超纯水,连续 3 d。阳性对照为已知致细菌突变化合物,包括 N-乙基-N-亚硝基脲（ENU,10、40 mg·kg^-1）、盐酸丙卡巴肼（PCZ,60、150 mg·kg^-1）、乌拉坦（EC,300、800 mg·kg^-1）、N- 亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA ,1.5 mg·kg^-1）、N- 亚硝基二乙胺（NDEA,15 mg·kg^-1）。小鼠间隔 24 h ig ENU 40 mg·kg^-1,连续 3 d;间隔 24 h ig NDMA 1.5 mg·kg^-1、NDEA 15 mg·kg^-1,连续 7 d。大鼠间隔 24 h ig PCZ 150 mg·kg^-1、EC 800 mg·kg^-1、ENU 40 mg·kg^-1,连续 3 d ;间隔 24 h ig PCZ 60 mg·kg^-1、EC300 mg·kg^-1、ENU 10 mg·kg^-1,连续28 d。分别于给予受试物前,首次给予后14、28 d采集外周血,用流式细胞术检测大鼠红细胞表面 CD59蛋白的结合情况,结合免疫磁性计数微球技术计算网织红细胞（RETs）占总红细胞的百分率（%RET）（作为外周血毒性考察指标）、总红细胞中CD59表达为阴性细胞（RBC^CD59-,即突变的总红细胞）发生率和RETs中CD59表达为阴性细胞（RET^CD59-,即突变的 RETs）发生率。结果 各试验%RET数值均无大幅增加。SD大鼠和 C57BL/6J 小鼠的阴性对照组RBC^CD59-和 RET^CD59-突变率均低于 5×10-6,小鼠的背景值相对不稳定。连续 3 d ig给予小鼠 40 mg·kg^-1的 ENU,RBC^CD59-和RET^CD59-发生率自给药后2周开始均大幅增加（P＜0.05）,给药后4周进一步增加（P＜0.01、0.001）;给予小鼠NDMA后2、4周,RBC^CD59-发生率略有增加,但仍在阴性背景范围内,但RET^CD59-发生率在给药后第2周大幅增加（P＜0.001）,给药后第4周则大幅回落;给予小鼠NDEA后2周,RBC^CD59-和RET^CD59-发生率均有所增加（P＜0.05、0.001）,给药后第 4 周则有所降低。连续3 d ig给予大鼠40 mg·kg^-1 ENU,或连续28 d ig给予大鼠10 mg·kg^-1 ENU,RBC^CD59-、RET^CD59-发生率自给药后第2周开始均大幅增加（P＜0.001）,给药后第 4 周进一步增加（P＜0.001）;连续 3、28 d ig 给予大鼠不同剂量的 PCZ 或 EC 后,RBC^CD59-和RET^CD59-发生率的变化趋势与 ENU类似,但 EC诱发的突变细胞率低于 ENU和 PCZ。结论 体内 Pig-a基因突变试验可在首次给药后4周内有效检出致细菌突变化合物ENU、PCZ、EC、NDMA、NDEA的致突变性。提供了大鼠和小鼠Pig-a基因突变试验的背景值范围,为标准化试验方法的建立和研究结果的判定提供借鉴。     

全反式维甲酸对小鼠神经系统作用的一般药理试验研究

目的 通过小鼠自主活动实验、小鼠协调运动实验、与阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠协同作用实验考察全反式维甲酸（all-trans-retinoic acid,ATRA）对小鼠神经系统的影响。方法 ICR小鼠,♀♂各半,按体质量随机分为溶剂对照组、250.0,50.0,10.0 mg·kg^-1 ATRA组,各组小鼠禁食（不禁水）12 h后分别灌胃给予相应剂量ATRA,给药体积为0.02 mL·g^-1。小鼠自主活动实验,测定给药前及给药后6,120,180 min小鼠在5 min内的活动次数。小鼠协调运动试验,测定给药后120 min小鼠在转棒上的停留时间。与阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠协同作用试验,给药后120 min腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量,观察睡眠小鼠的例数。结果 ATRA 250.0 mg·kg^-1作用120 min后,小鼠自主活动次数显著减少,给予50.0,10.0 mg·kg^-1 ATRA 120,180 min后均可见小鼠自主活动减少的趋势;而250.0,50.0及10.0 mg·kg^-1 ATRA对小鼠的协调运动均无明显影响,与阈下剂量的戊巴比妥钠无协同作用。结论 ATRA能减少小鼠自主活动次数,对协调运动无明显影响,与阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠无协同作用。     

聚乙二醇-达沙替尼结合物的合成及初步药效研究

目的 合成2种聚乙二醇-达沙替尼结合物（JK120303和JK120304）,并评价结合物JK120303和JK120304在K562人慢性髓系白血病皮下瘤模型中的抗肿瘤作用。方法 将达沙替尼用缬氨酸衍生后分别和mPEG-二肽酸和4arm-PEG-乙酸反应得到聚乙二醇-达沙替尼结合物,于NOD/SCID小鼠右侧背部皮下接种K562细胞,建立人慢性髓系白血病异种移植动物皮下模型,根据相对肿瘤增殖率进行疗效评价。结果 合成得到2个聚乙二醇-达沙替尼结合物。结合物JK120303（2.5 mg·kg^-1和5 mg·kg^-1）的药效优于达沙替尼（5 mg·kg^-1）,结合物JK120304（2.5 mg·kg^-1和5 mg·kg^-1）的药效与达沙替尼（5 mg·kg^-1）相当。结论 聚乙二醇-达沙替尼结合物JK120303药效优于达沙替尼,值得进一步研究。     

冰片对黄芪甲苷体内吸收的促进作用

目的 研究黄芪甲苷配伍冰片前后在大鼠小肠的吸收情况。方法 采用大鼠原位肠循环灌注实验法研究黄芪甲苷配伍冰片前后体内吸收动力学的具体变化。结果 黄芪甲苷在5~20 mg·kg^-1内的吸收动力学参数无显著性差异;2.5 mg·kg^-1冰片与黄芪甲苷配伍前后的动力学参数无显著性差异,而5,10 mg·kg^-1冰片配伍前后有显著性差异（P<0.01）,但5,10 mg·kg^-1剂量组之间的动力学参数差异不显著。结论 冰片在一定的剂量范围内可促进黄芪甲苷在大鼠小肠内的吸收,可与黄芪甲苷配伍应用以提高生物利用度。     

对羟基苯甲酸钠的安全药理学研究

目的 观察对羟基苯甲酸钠对实验动物中枢神经系统和心血管系统的影响。方法 昆明小鼠单次灌胃给予20,50,100 mg·kg^-1对羟基苯甲酸钠溶液,通过小鼠甩尾试验、自主活动试验、爬杆试验、协调睡眠试验和Morris水迷宫试验,考察对羟基苯甲酸钠对中枢神经系统的影响。SD大鼠单次灌胃给予14,35,70 mg·kg^-1对羟基苯甲酸钠溶液,Beagle犬单次灌胃给予4.2,10.5,21 mg·kg^-1对羟基苯甲酸钠溶液,通过检测Beagle犬血压和体温以及SD大鼠的心电,考察对羟基苯甲酸钠对心血管系统和体温的影响。结果 对羟基苯甲酸钠对小鼠感觉-运动反射、自主活动行为、协调功能、戊巴比妥钠阈下睡眠剂量小鼠入睡率和学习记忆能力无明显影响;对Beagle犬血压、体温以及SD大鼠心电均无明显影响。结论 本实验条件下,单次灌胃给予对羟基苯甲酸钠溶液对实验动物中枢神经系统和心血管系统无明显影响。     

糖止丸的急性与亚急性毒性试验研究

目的 通过糖止丸的急性毒性、最大耐受量以及亚急性毒性试验，为临床安全用药提供依据。方法 急性毒性试验中设定3个剂量组，首次给药1次，连续观察7 d，记录糖止丸对小鼠体质量及进食量的影响；最大耐受量试验中将糖止丸按照最大溶解度配置成225 mg·mL^-1溶液，按小鼠最大给药体积40 mL·kg^-1灌胃给药，观察和记录中毒症状及死亡情况；亚急性毒性试验中将糖止丸分别按2.25，1.50，1.00 g·kg^-1配置成高、中、低3个剂量组溶液，10 mL·kg^-1灌胃，观察大鼠的亚急性毒性反应。结果 糖止丸急性毒性试验单次给药后观察7 d未见小鼠死亡，无法测出其LD₅₀。按照毒理学评价标准，LD₅₀>1 g·kg^-1属无毒性物质，最大耐受量试验中给药剂量增加到9 g·kg^-1仍未出现毒性，表明糖止丸对小鼠安全无毒。亚急性毒性试验，在高、中、低3个剂量连续用药30 d后，大鼠体征和各生理指标与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义。结论 糖止丸安全性良好，可进一步用于治疗糖尿病的新药开发。     

Health hazards of nanoparticles: understanding the toxicity mechanism of nanosized ZnO in cosmetic products

In recent years, nanoparticles are being used extensively in personal healthcare products such as cosmetics, sunscreens, soaps, and shampoos. Particularly, metal oxide nanoparticles are gaining competence as key industrial constituents, progressing toward a remarkable rise in their applications. Zinc oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles are the most commonly employed metal oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens, ointments, foot care, and over the counter topical products. Dermal exposure to these metal oxides predominantly occurs through explicit use of cosmetic products and airway exposure to nanoparticle dusts is primarily mediated via occupational exposure. There is a compelling need to understand the toxicity effects of nanoparticles which can easily enter the cells and induce oxidative stress. Consequently, these products have become a direct source of pollution in the environment and thereby greatly impact our ecosystem. A complete understanding of the toxicity mechanism of nano-ZnO is intended to resolve whether and to what extent such nanoparticles may pose a threat to the environment and to human beings. In this review article, we have discussed the characteristics of metal oxide nanoparticles and its applications in the cosmetic industry. We have also highlighted about their toxicity effects and their impact on human health.     

A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable and toxic after dietary exposures

Abstract

If engineered nanomaterials are released into the environment, some are likely to end up associated with the food of animals due to aggregation and sorption processes. However, few studies have considered dietary exposure of nanomaterials. Here we show that zinc (Zn) from isotopically modified ⁶⁷ZnO particles is efficiently assimilated by freshwater snails when ingested with food. The ⁶⁷Zn from nano-sized ⁶⁷ZnO appears as bioavailable as ⁶⁷Zn internalized by diatoms. Apparent agglomeration of the zinc oxide (ZnO) particles did not reduce bioavailability, nor preclude toxicity. In the diet, ZnO nanoparticles damage digestion: snails ate less, defecated less and inefficiently processed the ingested food when exposed to high concentrations of ZnO. It was not clear whether the toxicity was due to the high Zn dose achieved with nanoparticles or to the ZnO nanoparticles themselves. Further study of exposure from nanoparticles in food would greatly benefit assessment of ecological and human health risks.     

Rat pancreatitis produced by 13‐week administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles: biopersistence of nanoparticles and possible solutions

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in diverse applications ranging from paints and cosmetics to biomedicine and food. Although micron‐sized ZnO is a traditional food supplement, ZnO NPs are an unknown public health risk because of their unique physicochemical properties. Herein, we studied the 13‐week subchronic toxicity of ZnO NPs administered via the oral route according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline 408. Well‐dispersed ZnO NPs were administered to Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (11/sex/group) at doses of 67.1, 134.2, 268.4 or 536.8 mg kg^–1 per body weight over a 13‐week period. The mean body weight gain in males given 536.8 mg kg^–1 ZnO NPs was significantly lower than that of control male rats, whereas no significant differences were observed between the other treatment groups and the controls. Male and female rats dosed at 536.8 mg kg^–1 ZnO NPs had significant changes in anemia‐related hematologic parameters. Mild to moderate pancreatitis also developed in both sexes dosed at 536.8 mg kg^–1, whereas no histological changes were observed in the other treatment groups. To evaluate the mechanism of toxicity, we performed a bio‐persistence study and evaluated the effects of the ZnO NPs on cell proliferation. The treatment of a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line with ZnO NPs resulted in a significant inhibition of cellular proliferation. The anti‐proliferative effect of ZnO NPs or Zn²⁺ was effectively blocked by treatment with chelators. These results indicate that the bio‐persistence of ZnO NPs after ingestion is key to their toxicity; the no‐observed‐adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ZnO NPs was found to be 268.4 mg kg^–1 per day for both sexes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Embryo–fetal toxicity assessment of vonoprazan in rats and rabbits

Vonoprazan is a new potassium‐competitive acid blocker to treat acid‐related diseases. However, its safety during pregnancy is unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential reproductive toxicity on the embryo–fetal development of vonoprazan. Vonoprazan acetate was administered by intravenous injection to pregnant rats (0, 2, 6 and 20 mg kg^–1 day^–1) and rabbits (0, 1.2, 3.6 and 12 mg kg^–1 day^–1) during the organogenetic period (gestation day 6–15 [rats] and 6–18 [rabbits]). Maternal reproductive endpoints were evaluated, together with effects on fetal growth and morphological development. In rats, no treatment‐related effects were found in the highest dose group (20 mg kg^–1) and the maternal plasma exposure was ≥50‐fold the expected clinical human exposure. However, in rabbits, dose‐related clinical signs (soft or liquid feces) occurred in the 12 mg kg^–1 group, which was regarded as a maternal toxicity. Besides, decreased maternal weight gain also was considered as a minimal maternal toxicity. At 12 mg kg^–1, delayed fetal ossification was found as evidence of embryo–fetal growth retardation, which was related to decreased fetal and placental weights. There was no maternal and developmental toxicity in the 1.2 and 3.6 mg kg^–1 groups. Thus, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect levels of vonoprazan acetate in rabbits are considered 3.6 mg kg^–1 day^–1, which produced plasma exposure that was about 18‐fold human clinical exposure.     

丹酚酸B镁对兔急性心梗再灌注后无复流心肌损伤的保护作用

目的 评价丹酚酸B镁（salvianolic acid B,Sal-B）对兔急性心肌梗死再灌注后心肌损伤的保护作用。方法 新西兰大白兔40只随机分成4组,即假手术组、心肌缺血再灌注（myocardial ischemia/reperfusion,MI/R）、再灌注低剂量组（Sal-B20 mg·kg^-1组）、再灌注高剂量组（Sal-B 60 mg·kg^-1组）,每组10只。假手术组只开胸不结扎,其余3组结扎左室缘支90 min,切断结扎线120 min,建立MI/R模型。各组分别于结扎左心室缘支前5 min、结扎后90 min、再灌注120 min时取血,检测肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白I （cTnI）,并评估缺血范围、无复流范围及梗死区心肌范围。结果 结扎90 min后,MI/R组、Sal-B 20 mg·kg^-1组和Sal-B 60 mg·kg^-1组3组之间CK-MB、cTnI水平差异无统计学意义。再灌注120 min后,Sal-B 60 mg·kg^-1组的血清CK-MB、cTnI水平显著低于MI/R组、Sal-B 20 mg·kg^-1组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。各组染色所测的冠脉结扎区心肌缺血范围基本一致。与MI/R组、Sal-B 20 mg·kg^-1组比,Sal-B 60 mg·kg^-1组可以显著减少无复流面积（P<0.05）和梗死面积（P<0.05）,MI/R组和Sal-B 20 mg·kg^-1组之间差异无统计学意义。结论 Sal-B 60 mg·kg^-1能在一定程度上减轻心肌细胞结构损伤,缩小心肌梗死面积,减轻无复流的发生。     

固相萃取-GC-MS/MS测定化妆品中多种苯甲酸酯类和对苯甲酸酯类防腐剂的含量

目的 建立同时测定3种不同基质类型(水剂、乳液类和膏霜类)化妆品中苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸异丙酯、苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸苯基酯、4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯、4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丁酯和4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯等8种防腐剂的固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)方法。方法 化妆品样品经甲醇提取,采用HLB固相萃取柱净化后检测,经VF-1301MS毛细管柱分离,采用选择离子监测模式(SIM)进行分析,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。结果 8种化合物在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均>0.995,检出限为0.079~3.15mg·kg^-1,定量限为0.26~10mg·kg^-1,平均回收率为90.9%~104.2%,RSD均<10%,应用该方法对样品进行了检验。结论 本法简单准确,灵敏度高,可用于市售化妆品中8种防腐剂的定量分析。     

Serum proteins prevent aggregation of Fe2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles

Abstract

Aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous media complicates interpretation of in vitro studies of nanoparticle–cell interactions. We used dynamic light scattering to investigate the aggregation dynamics of iron oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Our results show that iron oxide particles aggregate more readily than zinc oxide particles. Pretreatment with serum stabilises iron oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles against aggregation. Serum-treated iron oxide is stable only in pure water, while zinc oxide is stable in water or cell culture media. These findings, combined with zeta potential measurements and quantification of proteins adsorbed on particle surface, suggest that serum stabilisation of iron oxide particles occurs primarily through protein adsorption and resulting net surface charge. Zinc oxide stabilisation, however, also involves steric hindrance of particle aggregation. Fluid shear at levels used in flow experiments breaks up iron oxide particle aggregates. These results enhance our understanding of nanoparticle aggregation and its consequences for research on the biological effects of nanomaterials.