膝关节类风湿性滑膜病变超声与MRI检查结果的比较

目的:通过对类风湿关节炎(RA)膝关节滑膜病变超声与MRI表现的对比,分析高频超声诊断RA膝关节滑膜病变与MRI的相关性.方法:对临床确诊RA的30例患者患侧膝关节和20例正常对照者双侧膝关节行超声检查,在相同切面测量滑膜厚度,并进行对比分析.对RA组患侧膝关节行MRI检查,在超声和MRI相同的切面上观察滑膜病变情况,对比分析两种影像学检查结果.结果:RA组髌骨上、内外侧髁滑膜较对照组明显增厚(P＜0.001);超声和MRI均显示滑膜增厚,超声测量的滑膜厚度与MRI测值无明显差异(P＞0.1);超声与MRI对滑膜增厚分级具有较好的相关性(P ＜0.001).结论:超声对膝关节类风湿性滑膜病变的检查结果与MRI具有较好的相关性,在临床应用中可作为诊断RA膝关节滑膜病变的首选检查方法.     

高频超声测量参数与早期类风湿关节炎抗风湿疗效的相关性及预测价值分析

目的：探究高频超声（HFUS）测量参数与早期类风湿关节炎（RA）抗风湿疗效的相关性及预测疗效的价值。方法：选取2022年3月至2023年3月安徽省桐城市人民医院收治的97例早期RA患者作为研究组，另选同期97例至少有一个关节炎表现的非RA患者作为对照组。比较两组HFUS测量参数（滑膜厚度、关节积液、血流信号、骨侵蚀评分）、类风湿因子（RF）、血沉（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平，分析HFUS测量参数评分与ESR、RF、CRP水平的相关性，研究组均给予抗风湿治疗，比较不同疗效患者治疗前、治疗3个月后HFUS测量参数评分及变化值，分析治疗前后HFUS测量参数评分变化值与抗风湿疗效的相关性，并分析治疗前HFUS测量参数评分预测抗风湿疗效的价值。结果：研究组血流信号、滑膜厚度、骨侵蚀、关节积液评分、ESR及血清RF、CRP水平高于对照组（P<0.05）；研究组血流信号、滑膜厚度、骨侵蚀、关节积液评分与RF、ESR、CRP水平呈正相关关系（P<0.05）；疗效良好患者治疗前、治疗3个月后滑膜厚度、血流信号、关节积液、骨侵蚀评分低于疗效差患者，各参数评分变化值大于疗效差患者（P&l...     

类风湿关节炎膝关节病变中高频超声的应用研究

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声在类风湿性关节炎膝关节病变诊断中的临床应用价值.方法采用高频超声对RA组与对照组的膝关节髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜厚度进行对比观察,对治疗前后的髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜厚度,并选取病程、类风湿因子(RF)、C——反应蛋白( CRP)以及红细胞沉降率(ESR)与髌上囊液体厚度和滑膜厚度做相关分析.结果 RA组的髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜厚度明显大于正常对照组.接受正规治疗后髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜厚度均变薄.在RA 患者中,ESR以及RF与髌上囊液体厚度间均有一定的相关性.结论超声通过观察关节积液、滑膜及病变区域血流的病变,为临床辅助诊断RA及评价治疗效果提供依据.     

MRI动态观察膝关节滑膜厚度对类风湿性关节炎活动性的评估价值

目的观察类风湿性关节炎（RA）患者膝关节滑膜厚度与临床症状及生化指标的关系。方法32例RA患者经6个月以上的治疗,测量其治疗前、后膝关节滑膜的厚度,并进行统计学分析。结果治疗前、后的滑膜厚度分别为（5.17±0.4）mm、（2.15±0.13）mm,两者间有显著的差异（P〈0.05）;滑膜厚度≥4.39mm、4.37～2.40mm、≤240mm时与ESR、HAQ评分、AIMS、关节肿胀数之间均有显著的差异（P〈0.05）。结论MRI动态观察膝关节滑膜病变有助于评估RA治疗的效果、判断病变的活动性。     

高频超声在类风湿关节炎活动性评价中的应用研究

目的探讨高频超声在类风湿关节炎(RA)活动性评估中的应用价值。方法选取30例活动性RA患者,治疗前后分别对同一个指关节进行高频超声检查,记录滑膜厚度、血流分布、血流阻力及骨皮质的侵蚀程度,超声指标与同期红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体及简化疾病活动指数(SDAI)进行相关性分析。结果治疗6个月后关节的滑膜厚度、血流分布、血流阻力均较治疗前有明显好转,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中滑膜厚度、血流分布分别与ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体及SDAI呈正相关,血流阻力分别与ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体及SDAI呈负相关。骨皮质侵蚀变化不大。结论高频超声能清晰地观察RA患者滑膜厚度、血流分布及血流阻力,能为患者活动性评估提供更客观的依据,是患者了解是否达到深度缓解的更廉便、更准确的手段。     

高频超声诊断早期类风湿关节炎的应用研究

目的：分析高频超声诊断早期类风湿关节炎的应用价值。方法以该院收治的40例早期类风湿关节炎（RA ）患者为观察组,另选择40例健康者作为对照组,分别采用高频超声和X线对两组对象进行影像学检查。对比分析两组的超声检查结果和高频超声与X线对观察组患者膝关节髌上囊积液、滑膜增生及骨侵蚀的阳性检出率,以及观察组患者的C‐反应蛋白（CRP）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）指标与超声检查相关指标的相关性。结果观察组患者膝关节髌上囊积液、滑膜增生、滑膜彩色血流、骨侵蚀高频超声检查的阳性率均高于对照组（P＜0．05）;观察组患者的动脉阻力指数小于对照组,股骨内髁及外髁软骨厚度较对照组薄（P＜0．05）。高频超声对观察组患者膝关节髌上囊积液、滑膜增生、骨侵蚀的阳性检出率均高于X线等检查结果（P＜0．05）。观察组患者膝关节髌上囊积液厚度、滑膜增生厚度、滑膜彩色血流分级与CRP、ESR均存在一定的相关性（P＜0．01）。结论高频超声能较好地反映早期RA患者的病变情况,且对各病变的检出率高于X线片,高频超声检查指标与CRP、ESR有一定的相关性。     

关节镜下滑膜清理术联合药物注射治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床观察

目的探讨关节镜下滑膜清理术联合关节内注射透明质酸钠治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效。方法60例类风湿关节炎患者行膝关节滑膜清理术,关节内注射透明质酸钠。术后1个月和术后半年进行随访。术前及各随访时间点,评价患者的VAS评分、Lysholm膝关节评分、血沉（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和类风湿因子（RF）。结果患者术后Lysholm评分高于术前（P〈0．05）。术后患者VAS评分和血液学指标均有降低（P〈O．01）。结论关节镜下滑膜清理术联合注射透明质酸钠治疗类风湿性关节炎能够获得良好的效果。     

高频超声在类风湿关节炎活动期疗效评估中的应用价值

目的:运用高频超声检测类风湿关节炎(RA)活动期患者治疗前后的腕关节滑膜的变化,探讨高频超声在类风湿关节炎活动期疗效评估中的应用价值。方法:选择RA活动期以腕关节病变为主的患者,运用高频超声扫查RA患者腕关节,记录滑膜厚度、滑膜内血流信号,并于治疗3个月后再次行腕关节超声检查,同时分别记录治疗前后腕关节肿胀评分、关节压痛评分及血沉(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后患者腕关节滑膜厚度、滑膜内血流信号均明显减少,关节肿胀评分、关节压痛评分、CRP、ESR均明显下降,且滑膜厚度与关节肿胀评分、关节压痛评分、CRP、ESR均分别呈正相关。结论:高频超声观察关节滑膜厚度、滑膜血流信号可以为RA活动期疗效评估的客观依据。     

超声对类风湿关节炎抗风湿药物临床疗效的评估价值

目的：探讨超声指标对类风湿关节炎（ RA）的疗效评估价值。方法对40例正规治疗的RA患者,进行治疗前后双手关节超声检查（滑膜厚度、关节腔积液、滑膜内血流信号、血管阻力指数）及传统疾病活动度指标检测,将两者进行相关性分析。结果治疗后患者滑膜厚度、关节积液、滑膜血流信号均低于治疗前,阻力指数治疗后高于治疗前（P＜0.05）。滑膜厚度的改变与类风湿因子改变的相关系数为0.348（P＜0.05）;关节腔积液的改变与C反应蛋白改变的相关系数为0.455（P＜0.05）;阻力指数的改变与血沉、DAS28评分、SDAI评分改变的相关系数分别为0.564、0.448、0.502（P＜0.05）。结论高频超声可以反映RA活动程度,可用于评估临床疗效。     

早期和非早期类风湿关节炎患者膝关节高频超声表现与多项血清学指标相关性研究

目的:观察早期类风湿性关节炎(ERA)与非早期类风湿性关节炎(NERA)患者血清学指标(CRP、ESR、RF、抗CCP)的变化及其与膝关节高频彩色多普勒超声结果的相关性。方法:60例类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者分为早期组(ERA)24例,非早期组(NERA)36例。同时记录患者的一般资料及临床数据,包括年龄、性别、病程、膝关节有无阳性体征,记录DAS28评分,血清学指标包括类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸多肽抗体(抗CCP)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血细胞沉降率(ESR)等。结果:①NERA组的CRP及ESR的水平及RF阳性率显著高于ERA组(P=0.002,0.001,0.028)。②NERA组髌上囊积液、滑膜厚度较ERA组增大,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),滑膜血流评分两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);膝关节骨侵蚀多见于股骨外侧髁,ERA 3例,NERA 24例,经卡方检验,NERA组骨侵蚀率明显高于ERA组;而股四头肌腱附着点炎ERA组有6例,NERA组有12例,两组间发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。③ERA组中滑膜炎、髌上囊积液及滑膜血流评分与DAS28、血清中CRP及ESR相关性不显著,而NERA组滑膜炎及滑膜血流评分与DAS28、血清中CRP及ESR存在显著的相关性。结论:高频彩色多普勒超声可准确地检测RA膝关节病变情况,对膝关节RA病变具有重要的诊断价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.