阿咖酚散中游离水杨酸检查方法的改进

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC法检查阿咖酚散中的游离水杨酸。方法: 色谱柱Welch Ultimate C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),流动相为乙腈 四氢呋喃 冰醋酸 水（22〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗5〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗5〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗68）,检测波长为303 nm,流速为1.0 ml·min-1。结果: 线性范围为1.500～75.000 μg·ml-1（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.12%,RSD为0.75%（n = 9）,检出限为1.5 ng（S/N=3）。结论: 本方法简便准确、灵敏度高,稳定性比现行标准大幅提高,可用于阿咖酚散中游离水杨酸的检查。     

药用丁基胶塞中抗氧剂BHT的UPLC法测定

摘 要 目的：建立超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）测定药用丁基胶塞中的2,6 二叔丁基对甲基苯酚（BHT）的含量。方法: 采用二氯甲烷 甲醇（1 ∶〖KG-*4〗1）为提取溶剂,利用超高效液相色谱法对BHT含量进行测定。色谱柱：资生堂CAPCELLPAK C18 （200 mm×50 mm ,2 μm）;流动相：乙腈 水 异丙醇（55 ∶〖KG-*4〗35 ∶〖KG-*4〗10）;流速：0.4 ml ·min-1;检测波长：280 nm;柱温：40℃;进样量：3 μl。结果: 抗氧剂BHT在0.2 50.0 μg ·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率97.3%（RSD=1.4%,n=9）。结论: 该方法灵敏快速、结果准确,可用于测定药用丁基胶塞中BHT的含量。     

复方枇杷喷托维林颗粒中甘草酸质量标准的建立

摘 要 目的：建立复方枇杷喷托维林颗粒中甘草酸的鉴别和含量测定方法。方法: 采用薄层色谱对甘草酸进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相法测定甘草酸含量,使用Techmate C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;流动相为甲醇 0.2 mol·L-1醋酸铵 冰醋酸（60〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗39〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗1）;流速：1.0 ml·min-1;检测波长：250 nm,柱温：35℃;进样量：20 μl。结果: 薄层鉴别斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。在选定的色谱条件下,甘草酸在0.01～1.01 g·L-1的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=1.000 0,平均加样回收率103.2%,RSD=1.8%（n=9）。结论: 本方法简便、准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

复方枇杷喷托维林颗粒中吗啡的鉴别和含量测定

摘 要 目的：建立复方枇杷喷托维林颗粒中吗啡的鉴别和含量测定方法。方法: 采用薄层色谱对吗啡进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相法测定吗啡含量,使用Diamonsil plus C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;流动相为乙腈 0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 0.002 5 mol·L-1 庚烷磺酸钠（10 ∶〖KG-*4〗45 ∶〖KG-*4〗45）;流速1.0 ml·min-1;检测波长：220 nm。结果: 薄层鉴别斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。在选定的色谱条件下,吗啡在5.07～15.21μg·ml-1的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 2),平均加样回收率为98.7%, RSD=1.9%（n=6）。结论: 本方法简便、准确,可用于该制剂中吗啡的质量控制。     

百苑止咳颗粒质量标准的建立

摘 要 目的：建立百苑止咳颗粒质量标准。方法: 采用薄层色谱法对桔梗、陈皮、甘草3味药材进行定性鉴别,采用HPLC法测定橙皮苷的含量。使用AlltimaTM C18（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,流动相为甲醇 醋酸 水(35 ∶〖KG-*4〗4 ∶〖KG-*4〗61),流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为283 nm,柱温为40℃。结果: 薄层鉴别斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。橙皮苷进样浓度在5.80～232.08 μg·ml-1范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系（r＝0.999 7）,平均加样回收率为100.6%,RSD为1.83%（n=6）。结论: 本方法快速、准确、专属性强,可作为百苑止咳颗粒质量控制的方法。     

HPLC法测定不同产地垂盆草药材中木犀草苷的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立反相高效液相色谱法测定垂盆草药材中木犀草苷的含量。方法: 采用Waters SymmetryShield C₁₈ (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) 色谱柱;以四氢呋喃 甲醇 水 磷酸（9〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗17〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗74〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗0.25）为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为350 nm,柱温为35℃,进样量为10 μl。结果: 木犀草苷在5.2～208.0μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）范围内呈现良好的线性关系;平均回收率为99.12％,RSD=0.94%（n=6）。结论:该方法简便、灵敏、准确、专属性强,重复性好,可作为垂盆草药材中木犀草苷含量测定的方法。     

HPLC法测定人血清中百草枯含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC法测定人血清中百草枯含量。方法: 色谱柱：Kromasil C18柱（200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈 水（含0.03 mol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠,0.24 mol·L-1磷酸）=3〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗97（用三乙胺调pH至2.0）;检测波长258 nm;柱温25℃;进样体积20 μl;流速0.8 ml·min-1。结果: 百草枯在0.106~10.6 mg·L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好( r=0.999 3),最低检出浓度为0.065 mg·L-1。高、中、低3种浓度样品绝对回收率＞89.4%,方法回收率＞94.4%,日内精密度RSD在0.12%～1.74%之间,日间精密度RSD在0.44%～2.89%之间。结论: 该方法操作简便易行、灵敏度高、专属性强,适用于百草枯的人体血清浓度测定。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定托盘根药材中蔷薇酸的含量

摘 要 目的：建立托盘根药材中蔷薇酸的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测（HPLC ELSD）测定方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法,蒸发光散射检测器。色谱柱：Vision HT C18 HL柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;柱温：35℃;流动相：甲醇 0.1%三氟乙酸（66〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗34）,流速：0.8 ml·min-1;ELSD条件：漂移管温度：90℃,载气流速：2.3 L·min-1。结果: 蔷薇酸进样量在0.155～4.346 μg范围内呈良好线性关系（r=0.999 9）,平均加样回收率为100.4%,RSD=1.88%（n=6）。结论: 该方法简便,结果准确,重复性好,可用于托盘根药材中蔷薇酸的含量测定。     

高速逆流色谱法测定卡泊三醇软膏的含量

摘 要 目的：建立高速逆流色谱法测定卡泊三醇软膏的含量。方法: 采用高速逆流色谱法,溶剂体系为正己烷 乙醇 水（2∶〖KG-*2〗1：〖KG-*2〗0.5,v/v/v）,进样量为1 ml,检测波长265 nm。结果:卡泊三醇在4.02～40.20 μg·ml^-1呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 4）,平均回收率为99.2%,RSD为0.4%（n=9）。结论:高速逆流色谱法简单、快速、适用于卡泊三醇软膏的含量测定。     

强力枇杷露质量标准的提高和优化

摘 要 目的：优化和提高强力枇杷露的质量标准。方法: 删去原质量标准中的化学反应,应用TLC法对处方中的罂粟壳、枇杷叶和桔梗进行鉴别;用HPLC法测定来源于罂粟壳的吗啡和磷酸可待因的含量。吗啡含量测定色谱条件为：色谱柱：Inertsil ODS 3（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈 0.01 mol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠溶液与0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液的等量混合液（用10%磷酸溶液调节pH至2.8）（13∶〖KG-*2〗87）,检测波长：220 nm,柱温：30 ℃,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;磷酸可待因含量测定色谱条件为：色谱柱：Inertsil ODS 3（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈 0.01 mol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠溶液与0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液的等量混合液（用10%磷酸溶液调节pH至2.8）（15∶〖KG-*2〗85）,检测波长：220 nm,柱温：30 ℃,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1。结果:TLC法可用于鉴别罂粟壳、枇杷叶和桔梗;吗啡在3.14～62.80 μg·ml^-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r＝1.000 0）,平均回收率96.69%（RSD=2.41%,n=9）;磷酸可待因在3.52～87.94 μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好（r＝1.000 0）,平均回收率为95.68%（RSD=2.64%,n=9）。结论:改进了强力枇杷露的质量标准,建立的方法操作简易、精密度和准确度都好、专属性也强。     

复方桑参米诺地尔搽剂中米诺地尔的HPLCLC定

建立了高效液相色谱法测定复方桑参米诺地尔搽剂中米诺地尔的含量。采用C18柱，流动相为甲醇．乙腈·水（40：10：50），流速1．2ml／min，检测波长230nm，内标为对乙酰氨基酚。米诺地尔在3．649。6μg／ml浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9999），回收率大于98％，日内和日间RSD均小于1％。     

HPLC-Q-TOF-MS法对米诺地尔及凝胶有关物质的分析

摘 要 目的：对米诺地尔及其凝胶的有关物质进行考察与鉴定,为标准提高提供依据。方法: 建立HPLC-Q-TOF-MS方法,色谱柱为Thermo Scientific Accucore C18柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm）,流动相为含0.1%甲酸的乙腈 水溶液（7∶〖KG-*2〗93）,流速为0.2 ml·min^-1 ,检测波长为230 nm;电喷雾离子源（ESI）,正离子扫描检测,一级和二级全扫描测定,质量扫描范围m/z 50~500。结果: 在建立的色谱条件下能分离出14个降解杂质,推断了其中8个杂质的结构。结论: 本方法能有效分离鉴定米诺地尔及凝胶中的有关物质,为其质量控制提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定复方米诺地尔凝胶中米诺地尔和维A酸的含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC法同时测定复方米诺地尔凝胶剂中的米诺地尔和维A酸含量。方法: 色谱柱：Shim Pack VP ODSC₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：甲醇和2%醋酸溶液进行梯度洗脱;检测波长：280 nm和350 nm;流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;柱温：35℃;进样量：10 μl。结果: 米诺地尔和维A酸分别在4.0～240.0 μg·mL^-1和0.05～3.00 μg·mL^-1的浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r分别为0.999 6和0.999 3）。米诺地尔和维A酸的平均回收率分别为99.56%和99.36%,RSD分别为0.42%和0.50%（n=9）。结论:建立的测定方法简便,可行,适用于同时测定复方米诺地尔凝胶剂中米诺地尔和维A酸的含量。     

高效液相色谱法测定米诺地尔搽剂中米诺地尔的含量

目的建立测定米诺地尔搽剂中米诺地尔含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检验方法。方法采用Nova-PaKC18色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(70∶30),流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为285nm。结果米诺地尔在2.5～20mg/L浓度范围内含量与峰面积比呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.5%,RSD为1.85%,最低检出浓度为0.5mg/L。结论本法能准确检测米诺地尔搽剂中米诺地尔的含量,因此可作为米诺地尔搽剂质量控制的有效测量方法。     

Minoxidil in severe hypertension

Summary Minoxidil is a potent anti-hypertensive drug which acts on the peripheral arteriolar smooth muscle. It was administered to 14 patients with severe hypertension where standard therapy failed to control the blood pressure. The mean initial blood pressure was 209/129 when receiving treatment. Minoxidil was given in doses varying from 7.5 to 40 mg (mean = 24 mg) and was associated with propranolol (mean dose = 170 mg) and furosemide (mean dose = 120 mg). Twelve patients had an adequate therapeutic response. The systolic blood pressure was reduced by 44 mm Hg which represents a 23±3% reduction and the diastolic blood pressure was reduced by 33 mm Hg which represents a 26±3% reduction. Two patients were considered treatment failures and two patients died during Minoxidil treatment. Three patients showed electrocardiographic changes caracterized by T wave inversion at the onset of Minoxidil treatment and these changes were reversible in two. All patients except two had hirsutism and two women developped polymenorrhea. Other side effects consisted of tachycardia and weight gains. One patient with lupus erythematodes had an exacerbation of her disease while on Minoxidil. Minoxidil represents a useful and effective adjuvant to the treatment of resistant hypertension. It can delay bilateral nephrectomy in patients with terminal renal failure and high blood pressure.     

米诺地尔生发液的制备及稳定性考察

目的 探讨米诺地尔生发液的制备及质量控制方法，并预测其有效期。方法 采用紫外分光光度法测定含量，以初均速法考察稳定性。结果 检测波长为280nm；米诺地尔浓度在2～10μg/mL范围内与吸收度呈良好线性关系，C=9．1291A-0.1472，r=0.9999（n=6）平均回收率为100．38％（n=9）；在室温（20℃）条件下，2％，5％米诺地尔生发液有效期分别为13个月和10个月。结论 该制剂稳定，制备简便，含量测定方法简便、准确，其稳定性与温度有关，符合Arrhenius公式。     

Minoxidil does not possess androgenic activity

Minoxidil is a potent antihypertensive vasodilator. One of the side effects of minoxidil is hirsutism. Therefore the hypothesis was tested whether minoxidil has androgenic effects. The weights of seminal mice vesicles, organs with a high sensitivity to androgens, are widely used as a sensitive bioassay for testing androgenic activity. Our results demonstrated that minoxidil in relatively high doses did not produce any significant changes in the weight of seminal vesicles of castrated mice. We conclude that minoxidil in this experimental model does not have any androgenic properties.     

Minoxidil sulphation in human liver and platelets

Summary Minoxidil requires to be sulphated to exert its hypotensive effect. We report on interindividual variability in the rate of minoxidil sulphation in 118 specimens of human liver and in platelets obtained from 100 healthy subjects and 100 newborns.The frequency distribution histogram of the hepatic activity of minoxidil sulphotransferase was positively skewed; the mean was 631 pmol · min^–1 · mg^–1. After logarithmic transformation of the enzyme activity, the frequency distribution histogram became symmetrical and did not significantly deviate from normality. The rate of minoxidil sulphation was not different in platelets from adults (0.74 pmol · min^–1 · mg^–1) and newborns (1.16 pmol · min^–1 · mg^–1). The frequency distribution histograms were positively skewed and the results of normal equivalent deviation analysis was compatible with the presence of at least two subgroups of sulphotransferase in liver and platelets.Thus, two phenotypes of sulphotransferase exist in human liver and platelets, and the extensive sulphator phenotype contributes to skewing the frequency distribution. In platelets, the percentage of subjects that fall in the two subgroups is different at birth and in adulthood. This can explain the different shape of the frequency distribution in newborn and adult platelets and suggests that platelet minoxidil sulphotransferase undergoes modification after birth.     

米诺地尔溶液的制备及其质量控制

目的:制备米诺地尔溶液,建立其含量测定方法.方法:通过紫外分光光度法,于286nm处测定米诺地尔含量.结果:在4～16μg·mL-1范围内,米诺地尔吸收度与浓度呈良好的线性关系,其回归方程为C(μg·mL-1)=17.40A-0.1051(γ=1.0000),平均回收率为99.8%(RSD为0.74%).结论:本方法操作简便、准确、可靠,可作为本品的质量控制.     

Fatal Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Associated with Minoxidil

Minoxidil is a direct-acting peripheral vasodilator for the treatment of symptomatic hypertension, or refractory hypertension associated with target organ damage, that is not manageable with a diuretic and two other antihypertensive drugs. The most frequent adverse events associated with minoxidil include hypertrichosis and cardiovascular events related to its powerful antihypertensive effect, and less frequently, rashes, bullous eruptions, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). Evidence suggests that SJS and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of a single disease with common causes and mechanisms, but differing severities. Epidermal detachment is mild in SJS, moderate in overlap SJS-TEN, and severe (> 30% of body surface area) in TEN. We describe a case of minoxidil-associated SJS that evolved into fatal TEN. A 69-year-old African-American woman with a history of chronic kidney disease was admitted to the hospital for a cerebrovascular accident and uncontrolled hypertension. On hospital day 12, oral minoxidil was added to her drug regimen. On day 23, she developed a maculopapular rash on her face that gradually diffused to her chest and back. Vesicles and papular lesions extended to her extremities and mucosal membranes; results of a skin biopsy revealed SJS. A positive Nikolsky's sign (blisters spread on application of pressure) was detected. On days 27–31, diffuse bullae developed with rash exacerbation. Skin detachment exceeded 30% and was consistent with TEN. The patient died on day 39. An evaluation of the causality and time course suggested that minoxidil was the most likely culpable drug, with a Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale score indicating that the likelihood of the association was possible (score of 3). The mechanism of this reaction has not been well elucidated. It may be related to an impaired clearance of the minoxidil metabolite, or an immune stimulation resulting in apoptosis and epidermis destruction. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of fatal TEN associated with minoxidil. This case report emphasizes the importance of monitoring for serious dermatologic reactions in patients receiving minoxidil therapy.