Optical coherence tomography angiography of the peripapillary region and macula in normal, primary open angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and ocular hypertension eyes

AIM: To introduce a modified technique of internal limiting membrane (ILM) centripetal dragging and peeling to treat idiopathic macular hole (IMH) and to observe the ILM-retina adhesive forces. METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive patients with stage 3 to 4 IMH and followed up at least six months were enrolled. All patients underwent complete par plana vitrectomy, ILM dragging and peeling, fluid and gas exchange, 15% C3F8 tamponade and 2-week prone position. The best corrected visual acuity, macular hole evaluation by optical coherence tomography, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean diameter of IMH was 524.2±147.9 μm (range: 201-683 μm), with 21 cases (80.7%) greater than 400 μm. ILM dragging and peeling were successfully performed in all cases. Most of the ILM-retina adhesive forces are severe (43.3%, 11/26), followed by mild (38.46%, 10/26), and moderate (19.23%, 5/26). The mean follow-up duration was 21.2±6.1mo. The IMH was closed in 25 (96.2%) eyes. Visual acuity (logMAR) improved significantly from 1.2±0.6 preoperatively to 0.7±0.5 postoperatively (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Preexisting ILM-retina adhesive force is found in IMH patients. With assistance of this force, this modified technique may help to release the IMH edges and improve the closure rate of large IMH.     

OCTA在区分高度近视合并早期青光眼和生理性大视杯中的应用

目的：:利用光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术（OCTA）比较高度近视合并早期原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）和生理性大视杯（LPC）的视盘、黄斑血管密度差异,探讨OCTA在区分高度近视合并早期POAG眼和高度近视合并LPC中的作用。方法：:病例对照研究。收集2019年1─12月在长沙爱尔眼科医院青光眼专科及屈光专科就诊的高度...     

High Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With Decreased Macular Vessel Density in Normal-Tension Glaucoma

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and retinal vessel density (VD) measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).MethodsThis retrospective study included 103 patients with NTG and 109 healthy controls who underwent glaucoma examination and PWV measurements. Each group was classified into two subgroups according to a brachial-ankle PWV of 1400 cm/s. NTG was diagnosed when the maximum untreated intraocular pressure was < 21 mmHg on three repeated measurements obtained at different times in the presence of glaucomatous optic discs (neuroretinal rim thinning and excavation), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer defects, and glaucomatous visual field defects. Healthy controls did not have glaucomatous optic discs or visual field defects and exhibited normal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. The interval between glaucoma examination and PWV measurements did not exceed six months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with high PWV.ResultsPWV was higher in the NTG group than in the control group, while peripapillary VD and macular VD (mVD) were lower (all P < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that high PWV was significantly associated with age, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and mVD in the NTG group. Meanwhile, high PWV was significantly associated with age, MAP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy controls.ConclusionsHigh PWV is associated with decreased mVD in NTG patients, suggesting that systemic arterial stiffness might be involved in the pathogenesis of NTG.     

原发性开角型青光眼视盘周围血管密度变化的研究

目的：比较原发性开角型青光眼患者(POAG)与正常人视盘周围血管密度(VD)的差异,并评价视盘周围VD在POAG中的诊断价值。

方法：连续纳入2018-03/12期间在我院初诊的POAG患者60例。同时纳入60例年龄、性别匹配的正常志愿者作为对照。采用光相干断层扫描血流成像(OCTA)技术检测并比较POAG患者及正常人视盘周围VD。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及ROC曲线下面积(AUC)评价视盘周围VD诊断POAG的效能。

结果：与正常人相比,POAG患者视盘周围平均VD降低(P<0.001)。POAG患者视盘周围上方、下方的VD分别为52.38%±5.31%以及52.58%±5.32%。而对照组分别为58.43%±4.11%以及58.36%±3.40%(P<0.001)。多元线性回归分析结果显示杯盘比以及POAG诊断与视盘周围平均VD呈独立相关。ROC及AUC分析结果提示视盘周围平均VD的AUC值为0.808(95%CI：0.730～0.887)。

结论：POAG患者视盘周围VD明显变小,变小的视盘周围VD与POAG诊断存在显著相关性。视盘周围VD可作为其它常规诊断青光眼的补充手段。     

眼轴对原发性开角型青光眼视盘和黄斑血管密度的影响

目的：运用光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）进行视网膜视盘区和黄斑区血管成像,探讨眼轴对 原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）视盘和黄斑血管密度的影响。方法：病例对照研究。连续收集2019年 6 ─11 月于中山眼科中心确诊的POAG病例,依据眼轴长度分为中等眼轴青光眼组（眼轴范围为 22.51～25.50 mm）和长眼轴青光眼组（眼轴>25.50 mm）,并匹配年龄和病情严重程度,所有患者单 眼入组。最后共42例纳入中等眼轴青光眼组,37例纳入长眼轴青光眼组。所有受检者完成视野、光 学相干断层扫描成像（OCT）、OCTA检查。通过OCTA测量视盘周围放射状毛细血管密度（RPC VD） 和黄斑浅层血管密度。采用独立样本t检验、Pearson相关等分析数据。结果：长眼轴青光眼组神 经节细胞复合体（GCC）厚度小于中等眼轴青光眼组[（74.5±9.6）μm vs. （80.5±13.6）μm;t=2.244, P=0.028],但2组视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度差异无统计学意义。长眼轴青光眼组黄斑全图、 黄斑旁区、黄斑周围区血管密度均小于中等眼轴青光眼组,但仅黄斑周围区颞侧血管密度的差 异有统计学意义（t=2.235,P=0.028）。2组的平均和各象限RPC VD差异均无统计学意义。眼轴与 GCC、黄斑浅层血管密度参数呈负相关（眼轴与GCC：r=-0.333,P=0.003;眼轴与黄斑浅层血管密 度：r=-0.303～-0.282,均P<0.05）,与RPC VD无显著相关性（P=0.383）。结论：在病情相近的情 况下,POAG眼轴的延长主要损害黄斑血管,尤其是周边部颞侧血管,对视盘周围微血管无显著 影响。     

Comparison of Optic Nerve Head Microvasculature Between Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

PurposeTo compare the microvasculature of the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary tissues in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThirty-eight eyes with treatment-naïve NTG, 38 eyes with NAION matched for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in each superior and inferior quadrant, and 38 healthy eyes matched by age were included. ONH and peripapillary retinal microvasculature was evaluated in en face images obtained using OCTA. Vessel density (VD) was calculated as the percent area occupied by vessels in the measured region in each layer segmented into the prelaminar tissue (PLT), lamina cribrosa (LC), and peripapillary retina (PR).ResultsVDs in the PLT and LC were lower in NTG eyes than in both NAION and healthy eyes (P ≤ 0.008), and did not differ between the NAION and healthy eyes. VDs in the PR did not differ between the NTG and NAION eyes. In intersectoral comparisons, VDs in the PLT (P = 0.030) and LC (P = 0.028) were lower in the affected than in the unaffected sector of eyes with NTG, but the differences did not occur in eyes with NAION. VD in the PR was lower in the affected than in the unaffected sector in both NTG and NAION eyes (both P < 0.001).ConclusionsDespite similar degrees of RNFL loss and VD decreases in the PR, VDs in the ONH differed between eyes with NTG and NAION, indicating different mechanisms of vascular impairment and ONH damage in each condition.     

Comparison of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and visual field loss between different glaucoma groups

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) uses a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope with an integrated polarimeter to evaluate the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). The aim of this study was to verify the ability of the SLP to detect differences in RNFL thickness between normal and glaucomatous eyes and between glaucomatous eyes subdivided in groups by the severity of visual field damage. METHODS: This was a cross sectional retrospective study. The charts of 40 healthy subjects and 68 glaucoma patients who underwent complete ophthalmological examination, optic disc stereophotography, peripapillary, and macular SLP imaging were reviewed. The right eye of subjects eligible for the study was enrolled. Only eyes with SLP examinations indicating a minimised effect of anterior segment birefringence based on macular image were included. The ability of retardation parameters to discriminate between healthy and glaucomatous eyes was evaluated. Based on visual field loss, glaucoma patients were subdivided in three subgroups (early, moderate, and severe). RNFL thickness between healthy control group and glaucoma subgroups was compared. RNFL thickness and visual field loss correlation was evaluated. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in superior and inferior maximum RNFL thickness between normal and glaucomatous eyes (p<0.001). With these two parameters, the area under receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.75 and 0.74, respectively. Superior and inferior RNFL thickness was significantly different between healthy control group and all glaucoma subgroups (p<0.001) and between glaucoma subgroups (p<0.05), except for early and moderate glaucoma subgroups (p>0.05). Linear regression showed a weak correlation between RNFL thickness and visual field loss. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that once visual field loss is established, smaller reductions in the RNFL thickness detected by SLP are necessary for a given reduction of mean defect value.     

Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer, optic nerve head, and macular thickness measurements for glaucoma detection using optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE: To compare the ability of optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), optic nerve head, and macular thickness parameters to differentiate between healthy eyes and eyes with glaucomatous visual field loss. DESIGN: Observational case-control study. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with glaucoma and 78 healthy subjects were included. All patients underwent ONH, RNFL thickness, and macular thickness scans with Stratus OCT during the same visit. ROC curves and sensitivities at fixed specificities were calculated for each parameter. A discriminant analysis was performed to develop a linear discriminant function designed to identify and combine the best parameters. This LDF was subsequently tested on an independent sample consisting of 63 eyes of 63 subjects (27 glaucomatous and 36 healthy individuals) from a different geographic area. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) for the RNFL thickness parameter with the largest AUC (inferior thickness, AUC = 0.91) and the ONH parameter with largest AUC (cup/disk area ratio, AUC = 0.88) (P = .28). The RNFL parameter inferior thickness had a significantly larger AUC than the macular thickness parameter with largest AUC (inferior outer macular thickness, AUC = 0.81) (P = .004). A combination of selected RNFL and ONH parameters resulted in the best classification function for glaucoma detection with an AUC of 0.97 when applied to the independent sample. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL and ONH measurements had the best discriminating performance among the several Stratus OCT parameters. A combination of ONH and RNFL parameters improved the diagnostic accuracy for glaucoma detection using this instrument.     

Thickness of the lamina cribrosa and peripapillary sclera in Rhesus monkeys with nonglaucomatous or glaucomatous optic neuropathy

Purpose: To measure the thickness of the lamina cribrosa and peripapillary sclera in monkeys with a nonglaucomatous optic nerve damage and to compare that with those of monkeys with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Methods: The study included 22 monkey eyes (Macaca mulatta) which had undergone a temporary experimental central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and seven monkey eyes in which experimental glaucoma was unilaterally produced. We measured histomorphometrically the thickness of the lamina cribrosa and peripapillary sclera. Results: The lamina cribrosa was significantly thicker in the CRAO group than in the glaucoma group (central region: 212 ± 46 μm versus 167 ± 17 μm; p = 0.009). The thickness of the peripapillary sclera at the optic disc border (253 ± 39 μm versus 192 ± 21 μm; p = 0.001) and outside of the optic nerve meninges (408 ± 70 μm versus 314 ± 64 μm; p = 0.006) was significantly greater in the CRAO group. Conclusions: In monkey eyes with a temporary CRAO as a model for nonglaucomatous optic nerve damage, the lamina cribrosa is significantly thicker than in monkey eyes with experimental glaucomatous optic nerve damage. It may suggest that the loss of optic nerve fibres might not be the reason for the thinning of the lamina cribrosa in eyes with advanced glaucoma. The thinner peripapillary sclera in the glaucomatous eyes may suggest that the monkey sclera is more vulnerable to stretching with increased intraocular pressure than the human eye for which no glaucoma‐related lengthening of the eyeball and thinning of the peripapillary sclera have been observed.     

Ocular and Hemodynamic Factors Contributing to the Central Visual Function in Glaucoma Patients With Myopia

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the ocular and hemodynamic factors contributing to the central visual function in glaucoma patients with myopia.MethodsThis study was a prospective observational study, which included 236 eyes of 140 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), which includes 114 eyes with mild myopia (axial length ≥24 and <26 mm) and 122 eyes with moderate-to-severe myopia (axial length ≥26 mm). Ocular characteristics were axial length and posterior pole profiles, including peripapillary atrophy (PPA) to disc area ratio, disc tilt ratio, disc torsion, and disc-foveal angle. Hemodynamic factors included standard deviation of the mean of qualified normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) of a heart rate variability (HRV) test and vessel density (VD) parameters from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The root mean square error was estimated as a measure of the VD fluctuation. Association between ocular characteristics and VD parameters of the OCTA with the central sensitivity of the 10-degree visual field or the presence of central scotoma were analyzed.ResultsDeep layer VD of the peripapillary and macular areas showed significant differences between mild and moderate-to-severe myopia (P = 0.034 and P = 0.045, respectively). Structural parameters, especially PPA to disc area ratio, had significant correlation with peripapillary VD parameters in myopic eyes. Lower SDNN value (ß = 0.924, P = 0.011), lower deep VD of the macular area (ß = 0.845, P = 0.001), and greater fluctuation of deep VD in the peripapillary area (ß = 1.517, P = 0.005) were associated with the presence of central scotoma in patients with glaucoma with myopia in multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsThe structural changes by myopia, especially in the peripapillary region, affected VD parameters in myopic eyes. Lower deep VD and greater VD fluctuation in the peripapillary region showed association with central scotoma in patients with glaucoma with myopia, suggesting both structural and vascular changes by myopia may be related to central visual function in glaucoma patients with myopia.     

Effect of systemic blood pressure on optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma patients

BackgroundThe association between retinal microvascular structure and glaucoma has been revealed in multiple studies using optical tomography angiography (OCTA), but limited information on the macular vessel density (mVD) in patients with glaucoma is available. In this study, we tried to identity the factors that affected macular VD (mVD) in glaucomatous eyes.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated OCT and OCTA images from 92 eyes from 58 healthy subjects and 179 eyes from 103 glaucoma patients using the SD-OCT database from July 2017 to July 2018. Glaucomatous eyes were further divided into two groups according to history of disc haemorrhage (DH). Association between mVD and demographic characteristics, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, visual field mean deviation (MD) and systemic blood pressure was analysed in each group.ResultsIn both healthy and glaucomatous eyes, mVD was inversely associated with age (β = −0.035, P = 0.025; β = −0.039, P = 0.018). In the glaucomatous eyes, mVD was significantly decreased, as the MD value was worse (β = 0.109, P = 0.002). In glaucomatous eyes with DH, mVD decreased as blood pressure increased (β = -0.111, P = 0.003)ConclusionsReduced mVD is more common in older individuals in both healthy and glaucomatous eyes, and correlates with functional deterioration than structural damage in glaucomatous eyes. In glaucomatous eyes with DH, high systemic BP is associated with a reduction in mVD. This may indicate that glaucoma patients with DH are more susceptible to vascular damage secondary to hypertensionSubject terms: Optic nerve diseases, Ocular hypertension     

Effect of luteolin on apoptosis and vascular endothelial growth factor in human choroidal melanoma cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of luteolin on apoptosis,the cell cycle,and the expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in human choroidal melanoma cells(C918 and OCM-1).METHODS:C918 and OCM-1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with various concentrations of luteolin(0,5,10,15μmol/L).Cell growth was observed with an inverted microscope,and cell cycle arrest was detected by propidium iodide(PI)staining using flow cytometry.Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33342 staining,and apoptosis rate was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI experiments using flow cytometry.The expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2,Bax and VEGF was analyzed using Western blots.The levels of VEGF secreted by the cells into the supernatant was analyzed using ELISA.RESULTS:After treating with 5 to 15μmol/L luteolin for 48 h,the fusion degree of C918 and OCM-1 cells decreased,and more floating apoptotic cells appeared.Luteolin treatment increased the G0-G1 phase ratio of the C918 and OCM-1 cells,blocked cell cycle progression,and increased the apoptosis rate of the C918 and OCM-1 cells.Western blot showed that luteolin decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF in the C918 and OCM-1 cells and increased the expression of Bax protein.The ELISA results showed that 10 to 15μmol/L luteolin decreased the cell secretion of VEGF.CONCLUSION:Luteolin may induce apoptosis by regulating the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in C918 and OCM-1 cells.Luteolin can induce cell cycle arrest,decrease the expression of VEGF.     

Clinical implications of peripapillary atrophy in glaucoma

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To elucidate peripapillary atrophy in glaucomatous optic neuropathy; its ranking in the morphologic diagnosis of the glaucoma, and its value for the differentiation of various types of chronic open-angle glaucoma, for the separation of glaucomatous eyes from nonglaucomatous eyes, and for the detection of progression of glaucoma. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies showed an association of peripapillary atrophy with glaucoma and the eventual development of glaucomatous disc hemorrhages independent of a small neuroretinal rim area, and an association between increasing peripapillary atrophy and progressive glaucoma. A ranking of optic disc parameters to detect glaucomatous damage revealed that the alpha and beta zones of peripapillary atrophy, compared with neuroretinal rim parameters, are less useful. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome without glaucoma is not a risk factor for peripapillary atrophy. In arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, peripapillary atrophy does not enlarge. Peripapillary atrophy does not differ markedly between Europeans and South Indians. In contrast to the position of the central retinal vessel trunk, the presence and position of cilioretinal arteries do not markedly influence the progression of peripapillary atrophy in glaucoma. SUMMARY: Peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy is one among several morphologic variables to detect glaucomatous abnormalities. Ranking optic disc variables for the detection of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, peripapillary atrophy is a variable of second order. It is useful for the differentiation of various types of chronic open-angle glaucomas. In contrast to glaucomatous eyes, eyes with nonglaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, including eyes after arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, do not show an enlarged peripapillary atrophy.     

Peripapillary fundus perimetry in eyes with glaucoma

AIMS: To evaluate, with fundus perimetry, the peripapillary differential light threshold (DLT) in eyes with glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT), and compare it with peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness. METHODS: 35 glaucomatous, 29 OHT and 24 control eyes were included. Peripapillary DLT at 1 degrees from the optic nerve head was quantified with fundus perimetry; peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured over the same area by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Mean (SD) peripapillary DLT was 19.2 (1.7), 17.6 (4.2) and 10.1 (6.9) dB in control, OHT and glaucomatous eyes, respectively (p<0.001). Mean (SD) RNFL thickness was 98.4 (35.3), 83.9 (35.1) and 55.8 (28.2) microm, respectively (p<0.001). Mean peripapillary DLT showed higher sensitivity and specificity in differentiating the three groups compared with RNFL thickness. CONCLUSION: Progressive, significant reduction of peripapillary DLT was documented in OHT and glaucomatous eyes compared with controls (p<0.001). DLT reduction parallels RNFL reduction.     

Evaluation of optic nerve head vessels density changes after phacoemulsification cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM: To evaluate optic nerve head (ONH) vessel density (VD) changes after cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: This was a prospective observational study. Thirty-four eyes with mild/moderate cataracts were included. ONH scans were obtained before and 3mo after cataract surgery using OCTA. Radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density, all VD, large VD and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in total disc, inside disc, and different peripapillary sectors were assessed and analyzed. Image quality score (QS), fundus photography grading and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were also collected, and correlation analyses were performed between VD change and these parameters. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, both RPC and all VD increased in inside disc area 3mo postoperatively (from 47.5%±5.3% to 50.2%±3.7%, and from 57.87%±4.30% to 60.47%±3.10%, all P<0.001), but no differences were observed in peripapillary area. However, large VD increased from 5.63%±0.77% to 6.47%±0.72% in peripapillary ONH region (P<0.001). RPC decreased in inferior and superior peripapillary ONH parts (P=0.019, <0.001 respectively). There were obvious negative correlations between RPC change and large VD change in inside disc, superior-hemi, and inferior-hemi (r=-0.419, -0.370, and -0.439, P=0.017, 0.044, and 0.015, respectively). No correlations were found between VD change and other parameters including QS change, fundus photography grading, postoperative BCVA, and postoperative peripapillary RNFLT. CONCLUSION: RPC density and all VD in the inside disc ONH region increase 3mo after surgery in patients with mild to moderate cataract. No obvious VD changes are found in peripapillary area postoperatively.     

Comparison of three optical coherence tomography scanning areas for detection of glaucomatous damage

PURPOSE: Several cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the capability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect glaucomatous changes. OCT enables posterior pole scanning of three regions: macula, peripapillary, and optic nerve head (ONH). This study compared the ability of each region to detect glaucomatous damage. DESIGN: Retrospective observational cross-sectional study. METHODS: The study included 37 normal (37 subjects) and 37 glaucomatous eyes (26 subjects) that had comprehensive ocular examination, reliable and reproducible Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm standard 24-2 perimetry, and Stratus OCT scanning of macula, peripapillary, and ONH regions on the same visit. Optical nerve head (ONH) appearance did not form part of the inclusion criteria. The main outcome measure, was area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AROCs) that was calculated for each scanning region for distinguishing between normal and glaucomatous eyes. RESULTS: The highest AROCs for distinguishing between groups were for ONH parameters (rim area = 0.97, horizontal integrated rim width = 0.96, vertical integrated rim area = 0.95) and peripapillary nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness (0.94) followed by macular volume and thickness (both 0.80). A statistically significant difference existed in ONH and NFL AROCs when compared with macular AROCs (P < or = .007, for both) CONCLUSIONS: OCT ONH and NFL parameters provided similar discrimination capabilities between healthy eyes and those of glaucoma patients and superior discrimination capabilities when compared with macular parameters.     

Discriminating performance of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknesses at different stages of glaucoma

AIM: To determine the discriminating performance of the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) parameters between all the consecutive stages of glaucoma (from healthy to moderate-to-severe glaucoma), and to compare it with the discriminating performances of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters. METHODS: Totally 147 eyes (40 healthy, 40 glaucoma suspects, 40 early glaucoma, and 27 moderate-to-severe glaucoma) of 133 subjects were included. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was obtained using Cirrus HD-OCT 5000. The diagnostic performances of GC-IPL, RNFL, and ONH parameters were evaluated by determining the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS: All GC-IPL parameters discriminated glaucoma suspect patients from subjects with healthy eyes and moderate-to-severe glaucoma from early glaucoma patients (P<0.017, for all). Also, minimum, inferotemporal and inferonasal GC-IPL parameters discriminated early glaucoma patients from glaucoma suspects, whereas no RNFL or ONH parameter could discriminate between the two. The best parameters to discriminate glaucoma suspects from subjects with healthy eyes were superonasal GC-IPL, superior RNFL and average c/d ratio (AUC=0.746, 0.810 and 0.746, respectively). Discriminating performances of all the parameters for early glaucoma vs glaucoma suspect comparison were lower than that of the other consecutive group comparisons, with the best GC-IPL parameters being minimum and inferotemporal (AUC=0.669 and 0.662, respectively). Moreover, minimum GC-IPL, average RNFL, and rim area (AUC=0.900, 0.858, 0.768, respectively) were the best parameters for discriminating moderate-to-severe glaucoma patients from early glaucoma patients. CONCLUSION: GC-IPL parameters can discriminate glaucoma suspect patients from subjects with healthy eyes, and also all the consecutive stages of glaucoma from each other (from glaucoma suspect to moderate-to-severe glaucoma). Further, the discriminating performance of GC-IPL thicknesses is comparable to that.     

OCTA在原发性开角型青光眼中的应用

目的:采用光学相干断层扫描血管成像术(OCTA)观察正常人和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者盘周毛细血管(RPC)层的视盘区血管密度情况,探讨该技术对POAG的诊断能力。方法:本研究为横断面研究,纳入明确诊断为POAG患者45例60眼,健康受试者48例60眼为正常对照组。采用OCTA技术对所有受检者视乳头区扫描,测量视乳头区RPC层血管密度和纵行C/D比值。Humphrey视野检测MD、PSD值。分析血管密度和C/D比值的相关性;采用ROC曲线和AUC评价患者血管密度各参数的诊断效能并进行成对比较。结果:血管密度随着青光眼的加重而降低,视盘内毛细血管密度和视盘内血管密度与MD值及PSD值相关性较弱,其它各血管密度参数与MD值及PSD值具有很强的相关性。全区域毛细血管密度、视乳头周围毛细血管密度、全区域血管密度、视乳头周围血管密度AUC>0.9,具有较高的诊断价值,各参数间均无差异(P>0.05);视盘内毛细血管密度、视盘内血管密度的诊断效力明显低于其它参数(均P<0.05),AUC分别为0.85、0.88。结论:与正常对照组相比,POAG组血管密度明显下降,并且随着病情进展而加重;视盘区血管密度是评估POAG患者结构损伤的良好指标,在POAG的诊断和随访中具有重要意义,而视盘内血管密度和毛细血管密度对POAG的诊断效能明显低于其它血管参数。     

Peripapillary atrophy in unilateral capsular glaucoma

Pairwise comparisons of peripapillary crescents and haloes were performed for 56 eyes of 28 patients with early or moderate unilateral capsular glaucoma and no signs of exfoliation in the contralateral eye. The eyes differed highly significantly in rim area, rim/disc area ratio, cup area, and cup volume. They did not differ in disc areas, scleral ring areas, or size of peripapillary crescents. In the nonglaucomatous and glaucomatous eyes a significant correlation existed between the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the area of peripapillary atrophy. The area of peripapillary atrophy was significantly correlated with the damage to the glaucomatous optic nerve head. We concluded that the area of peripapillary atrophy is largely an inborn feature, and that nerve fiber loss can occur without differences in the peripapillary tissues. Nevertheless, an IOP-induced change in the retinal pigment epithelium cannot be ruled out.     

高分辨率 OCT测量神经节细胞-内丛状层厚度在青光眼早期诊断中的作用

目的 探讨高分辨率相干光断层扫描（Cirrus-HD OCT）测量黄斑神经节细胞-内丛状层（GCIPL）厚度参数在青光眼早期诊断中的作用。设计 诊断技术评价。研究对象30例早期青光眼患者和56例正常对照者。方法 应用Cirrus-HD OCT进行黄斑区及其分区域GCIPL和视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度参数测量。用受试者工作特性曲线下面积（AUC）来评价各参数区分正常眼与青光眼的能力。主要指标 GCIPL与RNFL的厚度和两者的AUC值。结果 正常人和早期青光眼GCIPL和RNFL各参数测量值之间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。正常人和早期青光眼患者的平均GCIPL厚度分别为（85.43±5.27）μm和（69.30±7.71）μm;平均RNFL厚度分别为（100.98±7.98）μm和（78.80±10.38）μm（P<0.001）。GCIPL参数中诊断效能最高者是最小值（minimum）和颞上区域（superotemporal）,AUC均为0.985;其他AUC较高的参数依次为平均值（average）（0.971）、下方区域（inferior）（0.941）、颞下区域（superotemporal）（0.934）和鼻上区域（0.907）。视盘周围RNFL参数中诊断效能最高者是平均值（0.990）。结论  Cirrus-HD OCT测得的GCIPL厚度参数与视盘周围RNFL厚度参数类似,具有较好的区分正常人和早期青光眼患者的能力,可作为青光眼早期诊断的有用工具。