奥氮平、奎硫平与阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素和催乳素水平的影响

目的:探讨非典型抗精神病药奥氮平、奎硫平、阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素和催乳素(PRL)水平的影响方法:将150例精神分裂症患者随机分为奥氮平、奎硫平及阿立哌唑组并接受相应的药物治疗8周。治疗前后分别检测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、总甲状腺素(T4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)及PRL水平。结果:治疗后3组血清FT4、T3、T4水平较治疗前明显下降(P均0.01);T4组间主效应有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后奎硫平组血清T4水平较奥氮平组下降更明显(P0.05);治疗后奥氮平组血清PRL水平明显高于治疗前及奎硫平及阿立哌唑组(P均0.01),并具有交互作用(P0.01)。结论:奥氮平、奎硫平、阿立哌唑都降低甲状腺激素水平,奎硫平更易降低T4水平;奥氮平显著影响血清PRL水平。     

第二代抗精神病药的进一步研究（一）：利培酮对精神分裂症患者甲状腺激素的影响

目的：探讨利培酮对I型和Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素的影响。方法：将精神分裂症I、Ⅱ型患者各20例，以利培酮治疗8周。以阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)观察疗效，测定治疗前、后血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)水平并与健康人30名比较。结果：治疗前I、Ⅱ型之间甲状腺激素水平差异无显著性，Ⅱ型T3较对照组显著为低；治疗后Ⅱ型T4值显著较I型为低；I型治疗前后无明显差异，Ⅱ型治疗前后TSH及T4值差异有显著性；相关分析，Ⅱ型阴性症状因子分与FT3呈显著负相关。结论：利培酮对I型甲状腺激素无明显影响，可引起Ⅱ型TSH升高及T4水平降低。     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者甲状腺激素的影响

目的:探讨利培酮对Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素的影响. 方法:将精神分裂症Ⅰ、Ⅱ型患者各20例,以利培酮治疗8周.以阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)观察疗效,测定治疗前、后血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)水平并与健康人30名比较. 结果:治疗前Ⅰ、Ⅱ型之间甲状腺激素水平差异无显著性,Ⅱ型T3较对照组显著为低;治疗后Ⅱ型T4值显著较Ⅰ型为低;Ⅰ型治疗前后无明显差异,Ⅱ型治疗前后TSH及T4值差异有显著性;相关分析,Ⅱ型阴性症状因子分与FT3呈显著负相关. 结论: 利培酮对Ⅰ型甲状腺激素无明显影响,可引起Ⅱ型TSH升高及T4水平降低.     

哌罗匹隆治疗精神分裂症患者的疗效以及对内分泌的影响

目的:探讨哌罗匹隆治疗精神分裂症的疗效及对内分泌的影响. 方法:64例精神分裂症患者分为哌罗匹隆组和利培酮组各32例,分别予哌罗匹隆和利培酮治疗6周.采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)在治疗前后评定疗效及不良反应,同时测定血清催乳素(PRL)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平. 结果:哌罗匹隆组总有效率78.13％,利培酮组81.25％(x2=0.097,P＞0.05).两组治疗后PANSS评分均较治疗前显著下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)；两组TESS评分治疗1周和6周差异均无统计学意义(t=-1.84,-1.35;P均＞0.05).哌罗匹隆组PRL(t=-1.26)及各项甲状腺激素(t=0.97～1.88)水平治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05). 结论:哌罗匹隆治疗精神分裂症疗效与利培酮相当,但对PRL和甲状腺激素的影响较小.     

非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的探讨非典型抗精神病药利培酮、奥氮平对精神分裂症患者甲状腺功能的影响。方法将符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第3版)》(CCMD-3)的54例精神分裂症患者,采用随机数字表法分成服用利培酮和奥氮平两组,其中利培酮组29例,给药初始剂量为4 mg/d,2周内逐渐加至6 mg/d,观察至8周末;奥氮平组25例,给药初始剂量为10 mg/d,2周内逐渐加至15mg/d,观察至8周末。分别在治疗前、治疗第8周末测血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、血清总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平。结果利培酮组治疗前后血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),奥氮平组治疗前后血清TT3、TT4、TSH水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗前后FT3、FT4差异有统计学意义[(3.01±0.28)pg/mlvs.(2.81±0.26)pg/ml,(0.91±0.2)pg/mlvs.(0.77±0.14)pg/ml,P0.05]。利培酮组治疗后血清TT3、FT3水平升高,较奥氮平组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利培酮对精神分裂症患者甲状腺功能无实质影响,奥氮平能影响精神分裂症患者血清FT3、FT4的水平,在治疗中应注意监测服用奥氮平的精神分裂症患者的甲状腺激素水平。     

急性脑卒中患者甲状腺激素变化的初步探讨

目的：探讨急性脑卒中患者血中促甲状腺激素（TSH）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）的变化。方法：采用放免法（RIA）测定63例同期住院急性脑卒中患者血中TSH、T3、T4、FT3、FT4水平，并与健康者进行对比分析。结果：急性脑卒中对TSH、T3、T4、FT4有明显影响。结论：急性脑卒中时下丘脑－垂体－甲状腺轴功能明显受累，可能是机体自我保护机制之一。     

急性脑卒中患者甲状腺激素变化的初步探讨

目的 :探讨急性脑卒中患者血中促甲状腺激素 (TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3 )、甲状腺素 (T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3 )、游离甲状腺素 (FT4)的变化。方法 :采用放免法 (RIA)测定 63例同期住院急性脑卒中患者血中TSH、T3 、T4、FT3 、FT4水平 ,并与健康者进行对比分析。结果 :急性脑卒中对TSH、T3 、T4、FT4有明显影响。结论 :急性脑卒中时下丘脑 -垂体 -甲状腺轴功能明显受累 ,可能是机体自我保护机制之一。     

抗精神病药对男性精神分裂症患者垂体-性腺轴的影响

目的：研究氯丙嗪、利培酮、奎硫平及奥氮平对男性精神分裂症患者垂体．性腺轴的影响。方法：88例首发男性精神分裂症患者随机分为氯丙嗪组、利培酮组、奎硫平组及奥氮平组，检测治疗前、治疗4周及8周血清促卵泡素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、催乳素（PRL）、睾酮（T）的水平变化。结果：氯丙嗪组治疗8周后，血清PRL水平显著高于治疗前。利培酮组在治疗4周及8周后PRL水平均显著高于治疗前，治疗8周后T及LH水平显著低于治疗前。奎硫平组在治疗4周及8周后血清PRL、LH、T水平与治疗前比较差异均无显著性。奥氮平组治疗4周后PRL水平显著高于治疗前，治疗8周后即与治疗前差异无显著性。结论：奎硫平对垂体．性腺轴激素水平无明显影响。     

首发青少年抑郁症血清甲状腺激素水平研究

目的探讨首发青少年抑郁症与血清甲状腺激素水平的相关性。方法将82例首发青少年抑郁症患者设定为病例组,70例健康青少年设定为对照组。比较两组患者的血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)和游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平,并用HAMD-24量表对病例组患者进行评定。结果病例组患者的FT3、T3和T4水平低于对照组,TSH水平高于对照组(P0.05);男性病例组患者T3、T4水平低于男性对照组(P0.05),女性病例组患者FT3、FT4、T3、T4水平低于女性对照组,TSH水平高于女性对照组(P0.05);女性病例组患者TSH水平高于男性病例组(P0.05),FT3水平低于男性病例组(P0.05);病例组患者FT3水平与绝望感呈正相关(P0.05)。结论青少年抑郁症的发病可能与甲状腺激素水平变化相关。FT3水平可能是青少年抑郁症患者的生物学标记。     

抗精神病药对男性精神分裂症患者垂体-性腺轴的影响

目的:研究氯丙嗪、利培酮、奎硫平及奥氮平对男性精神分裂症患者垂体性腺轴的影响。方法:88例首发男性精神分裂症患者随机分为氯丙嗪组、利培酮组、奎硫平组及奥氮平组,检测治疗前、治疗4周及8周血清促卵泡素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、催乳素(PRL)、睾酮(T)的水平变化。结果:氯丙嗪组治疗8周后,血清PRL水平显著高于治疗前。利培酮组在治疗4周及8周后PRL水平均显著高于治疗前,治疗8周后T及LH水平显著低于治疗前。奎硫平组在治疗4周及8周后血清PRL、LH、T水平与治疗前比较差异均无显著性。奥氮平组治疗4周后PRL水平显著高于治疗前,治疗8周后即与治疗前差异无显著性。结论:奎硫平对垂体性腺轴激素水平无明显影响。     

A double-blind comparison of risperidone, quetiapine and placebo in patients with schizophrenia experiencing an acute exacerbation requiring hospitalization

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of atypical antipsychotics (risperidone or quetiapine) with placebo and with each other in recently exacerbated patients with schizophrenia requiring hospitalization. METHODS: This international, randomized, double-blind study included a 2-week monotherapy phase followed by a 4-week additive therapy phase. Recently exacerbated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (DSM-IV) were randomized (2:2:1) to risperidone (n = 153), quetiapine (n = 156), or placebo (n = 73). Target doses were 4 or 6 mg/day of risperidone and 400 or 600 mg/day of quetiapine by day 5, with the ability to increase to 600 or 800 mg/day of quetiapine on day 8. The main outcome measures were the total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and need for additional psychotropic medications. RESULTS: Monotherapy Phase: The combined atypical antipsychotic group (n = 308) reached borderline superiority to placebo (n = 71) at the 2-week endpoint on mean change in total PANSS score (-24.1 +/- 1.2 and -20.2 +/- 2.0, respectively; p = 0.067). The change in the atypical group was driven by the improvement with risperidone (-27.7 +/- 1.5 vs. -20.2 +/- 2.0 with placebo, p < 0.01; and vs. -20.5 +/- 1.5 with quetiapine, p < 0.01); the improvement with quetiapine was similar to placebo, p = 0.879. Results were similar on other efficacy endpoints. Additive Therapy Phase: Additional psychotropics were prescribed to fewer (p < 0.01) risperidone (36%) than quetiapine (53%) or placebo patients (59%). The overall discontinuation rate was 18%, 26%, and 38%, respectively. Risperidone, compared with placebo, was associated with more parkinsonism, akathisia, plasma prolactin changes, and weight gain; while quetiapine was associated with more somnolence, sedation, dizziness, constipation, tachycardia, thyroid dysregulation, and weight gain. CONCLUSION: While the combined atypical antipsychotic group did not experience greater improvements than the placebo group, risperidone, but not quetiapine, was significantly superior in all measured domains to placebo in the management of recently exacerbated hospitalized patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, with no unexpected tolerability findings.     

Thyroid function in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients treated with quetiapine, risperidone, or fluphenazine

BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction is relatively common in patients with schizophrenia, possibly related to a genetic linkage of the disorders and to antipsychotic treatment. Quetiapine has been implicated as causing some degree of thyroid function changes, yet it remains unclear as to what extent or why these changes may occur. Furthermore, the need for thyroid function monitoring in patients taking this medication is not definitive. METHOD: Thyroid function was assessed in 38 adult DSM-IV-diagnosed schizophrenia patients after 6 weeks of prospective, double-blind, randomized treatment with quetiapine (400 mg/day), risperidone (4 mg/day), or fluphenazine (12.5 mg/day). Data were collected from 1997 to 2002. RESULTS: At baseline, the percentages of randomized patients with abnormal values were 18% (4/22) for serum T(3) resin uptake, 13% (4/30) for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and 9% (2/22) for total serum thyroxine (TT(4)), representing fairly widespread thyroid abnormalities independent of treatment group. Little change was noted in thyroid function during the 6 weeks of treatment, except for a significant decrease in TT(4) values for those taking quetiapine (p = .01). Clinically, however, no patients demonstrated any signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism during the study, nor were any significant changes in the free thyroxine index or TSH levels noted. CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that TT(4) levels will decrease during quetiapine treatment, and this may possibly be related to competitive metabolism of thyroid hormones and quetiapine by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Routine monitoring of thyroid function in quetiapine-treated patients without a history of thyroid disease is not recommended.     

抗癫痫药物对癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平影响的研究

目的 研究癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平和抗癫痫药物对其影响以及与疗效之间的关系。方法 测定已确诊的45例未服用过抗癫痫药物的癫痫患者血清甲状腺激素水平并与30例健康对照组进行比较。再经卡马西平、苯妥英钠、丙戊酸钠三种抗癫痫药物分组单药治疗3个月、6个月、年后观察甲状腺激素水平的变化及与疗效之间的关系。结果 未服用抗癫痫药物的新诊断癫痫患者游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平显著低于健康对照组,经苯妥英钠、卡马西平分别治疗3个月、6个月、1年后T4、FT4、FT3显著低于治疗前水平,TSH无显著性变化。经丙戊酸钠治疗后的不同时间段各甲状腺激素水平与治疗前比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。甲状腺激素水平的变化与化疗效之间似无相关性。结论 癫痫的反复发作虽未经抗癫痫药物治疗已存在FT4水平的降低。苯妥英钠、卡马西平可明显造成癫痫患者的亚临床甲状腺功能降低（T4、FT4、FT3下降）,丙戊酸钠对患者甲状腺激素水平无显著影响。甲状腺激素水平的变化与疗效之间无相关性。     

Influence of carbamazepine on serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine in patients with epilepsy

Hypothyroidism induced by anti-epileptic drug treatment gave rise to thyroid function test studies in patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) only. In 42 patients on long-term CBZ treatment thyroxine (T4), free T4-index (FT4I), and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in serum were significantly lower than in controls, while triiodothyronine uptake (T3U) and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations did not differ between patients and controls. In 12 patients starting on CBZ, means T4, calculated FT4 and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) were 1-5 months later reduced compared to the initial levels. Thus, CBZ reduced thyroid hormones, TBG and FT4I. A CBZ-induced increase in conversion and metabolism of the thyroid hormones could explain this effect. The normal T3U values and decreased concentrations of TBG make a competitive CBZ binding to TBG less probable. Although the thyroid hormones levels were found lowered in the patients, all remained clinically euthyroid during the study.     

首发精神分裂症患者的血清甲状腺相关激素水平变化及其与临床关系对照研究

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺相关激素（Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＴＳＨ、ＦＴ３及ＦＴ４）水平的动态变化及其与临床关系。方法４１例患者分别于疗前、疗后进行ＢＰＲＳ评定及血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＴＳＨ、ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４测定，并与正常对照组作比较。结果研究组疗前血清甲状腺素（Ｔ４）显著高于对照组，并随治疗及病情改善而恢复正常。但游离甲状腺素（ＦＴ４）在疗前、疗后均低于正常对照组。患者的ＢＰＲＳ得分高低与其疗前血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４水平显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论精神分裂症患者血清Ｔ４、ＦＴ４水平变化可能与其疾病本身有关。血清Ｔ３，Ｔ４水平似乎可预测精神分裂症的严重度。     

抗精神病药对男性精神分裂症患者性功能影响的相关性分析

目的 探讨抗精神病药喹硫平、利培酮、氯丙嗪及氯氮平对男性精神分裂症患者性功能影响的差异及相关因素分析.方法 将门诊就诊的男性精神分裂症患者120例,随机分为喹硫平组38例、利培酮组41例、氯丙嗪39例、氯氮平组42例.应用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清泌乳素、放射免疫法检测睾酮水平,检测各组患者治疗前及治疗第12周末的血清泌乳素(PRL)和睾酮水平.分别于基线及治疗第12周末使用简明男性性功能量表、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估性功能及精神症状,于治疗第12周末用副反应量表(TESS)评估药物治疗的不良反应.结果 治疗第12周末,利培酮组、氯丙嗪组、氯氮平组的性功能量表总分较治疗前降低(P＜0.05).利培酮组和氯丙嗪组治疗第12周末的血清泌乳素水平高于基线水平[利培酮组:(12±5)ng/ml,(22±6)ng/ml,t=13.92,P＜0.01;氯丙嗪组:(13±6)ng/ml,(19±5)ng/ml,t=8.27,P＜0.01],喹硫平组和氯氮平组无明显变化.利培酮组和氯丙嗪组治疗第12周末的血睾酮水平低于基线水平:利培酮组:(0.77±0.21)ng/ml,(0.27±0.11)ng/ml,t=13.22,P＜0.01;氯丙嗪组:(0.90±0.11)ng/ml,(0.32±0.14)ng/ml,t=11.27,P＜0.01;喹硫平组和氯氮平组无明显变化.影响男性精神分裂症患者性功能的因素有泌乳素、睾酮、年龄及TESS分.结论 抗精神病药物中,利培酮和氯丙嗪易引起血清泌乳素升高和血清睾酮降低,氯氮平具有较多药物不良反应,这些可能造成男性精神分裂症患者的性功能减退.     

急性脑出血患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其意义

目的探讨急性脑出血患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其意义。方法 65例急性脑出血患者于入院第1 d、第3 d、第7 d、第15 d,52名正常对照者于体检日进行血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平检测和比较。并对不同病情及预后的急性脑出血患者入院第3 d的血清甲状腺激素水平进行比较。结果与正常对照组比较,急性脑出血组入院第1 d、第3 d、第7 d时血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4水平明显增高(均P<0.05)。与急性脑出血轻度亚组比较,中度亚组及重度亚组血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4及TSH水平明显增高(均P<0.05);与急性脑出血中度亚组比较,重度亚组血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4及TSH水平明显增高(均P<0.05)。与急性脑出血显著进步亚组比较,进步亚组及死亡亚组血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4及TSH水平明显增高(均P<0.05);与急性脑出血进步亚组比较,死亡亚组血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4及TSH水平明显增高(均P<0.05)。结论急性脑出血...     

阿立哌唑对女性首发和复发精神分裂症甲状腺激素、泌乳素的影响

目的探讨阿立哌唑对女性精神分裂症住院患者甲状腺激素、泌乳素的影响及首发、复发病例的差异。方法随机抽取女性精神分裂症患者67例（首发26例,复发41例）,均用阿立哌唑治疗,于治疗前和治疗2、4、8周末进行抽血检验甲状腺激素和泌乳素。结果阿立哌唑治疗2周末时,血清甲状腺素（T4）、血清泌乳素（PRL）有显著性差异。结论阿立哌唑短期使用（2周末）时可以降低患者血清甲状腺素（T4）、血清泌乳素（PRL）水平,而4-8周时则无明显差异;对三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺素（TSH）无明显差异;首发与复发病例无明显差异。