皮肤防晒剂α-甲基肉桂醛缩丙二酸二乙酯的合成

太阳光紫外线(UV)中的UV-B区和UV-A区紫外线是引起晒斑、皮肤晒红、晒黑的主要射线。化学性防晒剂的作用主要是减弱或除去UV-B区的紫外线。防晒剂的防晒效果一般以防晒因子(Sun Protected Factor,SPF)来评定。SPF值愈大。表明防晒剂对皮肤的保护作用愈强。目前我国市场上出售的防晒化妆品中使用的防晒剂多为进口。文献报道α-甲基肉反应路线如下:     

陆军某部夏季作训期女兵防晒制剂需求分析

目的 调查分析部队夏季作训期女兵防晒制剂需求。方法 采取整群抽样的方法,选取陆军某部夏季作训期女兵424名,利用自行设计的调查问卷对参训女兵的防晒制剂需求进行调查分析。结果 女兵普遍具有较强的防晒意识。其中96.5%的女兵平时使用护肤品,训练期间94.6%的女兵使用不同品牌防晒制剂,91.5%的女兵在涂抹防晒制剂前做基础皮肤护理。但93.9%的女兵作训时不随身携带防晒制剂。女兵以中性（31.6%）和混合性（21.2%）皮肤最多,以2～3次/d的频率涂抹防晒制剂的女兵最多,使用完50 ml/支防晒制剂的周期集中在3周和4周以上。女兵喜爱使用的防晒制剂为SPF50和PA++++,这些制剂抗水性好,规格为50 ml/支,具有部队特色的包装等。结论 陆军夏季作训期女兵喜爱使用防晒指数高、抗水性好、具有部队特色包装的防晒制剂。     

京万红防晒霜获国家行政许可

正天津达仁堂京万红药业有限公司京万红防晒霜成功获得国家食品药品监督管理局国产特殊用途化妆品行政许可。该防晒霜从开始研制到获批历经一年半。防晒霜中SPF为防晒系数,是指防止皮肤晒红晒伤能力,该指数越大表示防晒时间越长,国内防晒霜的防晒指数最高只能标注为SPF30+。防晒霜中PA指数是指产品防止晒黑能力,     

微生物油脂PUFAs微囊粉胶囊剂的安全性观察

目的:观察微生物油脂PUFAs微囊粉胶囊剂经动物试验的安全性。方法:将该制剂经灌胃和喂养,检测其急性毒性、遗传学毒性、生理生化反应和病理学指标。结果:SPF级昆明小鼠2次灌胃量达13.2 g/kg后2周,未见中毒症状和死亡;SPF级昆明小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验,小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;PUFAs喂养30 d对Wistar大鼠的一般反应、血液生化指标、脏器重量和系数以及病理学指标无明显影响;未发现对该受试动物有明显的毒性作用。结论:含有微生物油脂PUFAs的10%γ-亚麻酸和20%亚油酸的制剂是无突变和安全的。     

儿童过敏性紫癜的临床分析

本文将 1983年以来收治的过敏性紫癜患儿 10 0 0例 ,报告如下。1　临床资料本组 10 0 0例中 ,男 5 82例 ,女 418例。年龄 9个月～ 15岁。发病季节以冬春季为多 ,有明显诱因者 896例 ,感染因素占 6 15例 ,其中以上呼吸道感染为主 ;其余为食物、药物、疫苗接种后等。临床表现 :单纯皮肤紫癜型为 30 8例 ,皮肤紫癜 +腹部症状为 2 11例 ,皮肤紫癜 +关节改变为 189例。皮肤紫癜 +肾脏损害为 182例。多脏器损害为 116例。实验室检查 :感染引起的白细胞偏高、束臂试验阳性、尿常规改变等为46 9例 ,心电图示 30 6例有心肌损伤表现。2　治疗与疗效一…     

复方苦蛇乳膏皮肤刺激性和过敏性实验研究

目的:对复方苦蛇乳膏进行皮肤刺激试验和过敏试验,为科学评价其安全性提供依据。方法:采用家兔皮肤刺激试验,分完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,连续给药5 d后观察;采用豚鼠皮肤过敏试验,于0、7、14 d左侧脱毛皮肤致敏,第28 d右侧脱毛皮肤激发,观察是否引起皮肤过敏或全身性过敏反应。结果:复方苦蛇乳膏对家兔完整皮肤无刺激性,对破损皮肤有轻度刺激性;豚鼠皮肤过敏试验未出现皮肤明显红斑、水肿等皮肤过敏反应及其它全身性过敏反应。结论:复方苦蛇乳膏是安全性较好的外用制剂。     

熊果苷制剂对豚鼠皮肤安全性及脱色作用的研究

目的研究不同浓度的熊果苷制剂外用对豚鼠皮肤的敏感性、刺激性及黑素细胞和黑素颗粒的变化,为临床治疗黄褐斑及炎症后色素沉着提供安全和治疗依据。方法选用不同浓度的熊果苷制剂涂抹豚鼠皮肤,通过皮肤敏感试验、刺激试验、皮肤色素值测定和组织病理学检查等方法,观察豚鼠皮肤的形态学和组织学的变化。结果豚鼠皮肤对不同浓度的熊果苷制剂无过敏反应;而刺激反应不同,3%、5%和10%浓度的熊果苷制剂对皮肤没有刺激,15%的熊果苷制剂可引起皮肤轻微潮红,无水肿,为弱刺激性;20%的熊果苷制剂引起皮肤潮红、水肿,具有中等刺激性。豚鼠皮肤颜色的变化随着熊果苷浓度的增加色素值明显减少,其中3%、5%、10%浓度的熊果苷制剂使用3、4周后色素值的变化与单霜相比具有统计学意义。组织病理显示:3%、5%、10%浓度的熊果苷制剂对黑素细胞数量无影响,黑素颗粒随着浓度的增加逐渐减少,15%和20%的熊果苷制剂使黑素细胞数量明显减少,黑素颗粒减少。结论 3%、5%、10%熊果苷制剂外用对豚鼠皮肤是安全且有效的。     

佳乐施预充维持体外循环期间胶体渗透压

1　临床资料　 1999- 0 4 / 1999- 12我们对 90例患者采用不同的预充方法进行了比较 ,单纯晶体预充 (30例 )、晶体 +佳乐施 (30例 )和晶体 +白蛋白 (30例 ) ,3组患者在病种、例数、体质量上基本相同 .各组病种包括室缺 5例 ,法四 10例 ,单瓣置换 10例 ,双瓣置换 5例 ,体质量 15～ 78(平均 5 4± 12 ) kg.转流时间 :单纯晶体组 4 0～ 14 0 (平均 6 4± 18) m in;晶体 +佳乐施组 37～ 12 9(平均 5 8± 19) min;晶体 +白蛋白组 4 1～ 135(平均 6 0± 15 ) min.主动脉阻断时间分别为 :2 0～ 75 (平均 4 9± 16 ) min,2 5～ 5 0 (平均 4 8± 11) …     

+Gz致脑缺血恢复期大鼠学习能力变化的探讨

目的 :探讨持续性正加速度 (+Gz)暴露后 ,缺血恢复期大鼠学习训练能力的改变 .方法 :雄性SD大鼠 2 4只随机等分为对照组、+6Gz组和 +1 0Gz组 ,观察不同G值 +Gz作用后 ,0 (即刻 ) ,2 ,4和 6d大鼠学习能力的变化 .结果 :辨别性学习能力 +6Gz和 +1 0Gz组大鼠的正确反应次数较对照组均显著降低 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,反应时均显著延长 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,+6Gz组正确次数较 +1 0Gz组显著增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;被动回避反应观察发现 +6Gz组和 +1 0Gz组大鼠的 6d潜伏期较对照组显著缩短 (P <0 .0 1 ) .结论 :+Gz暴露恢复期可致大鼠学习能力的持续降低 ,并且随着G值的增高学习能力降低的程度呈加重趋势     

经肱动脉冠状动脉造影203例临床观察

目的 :观察经肱动脉途径冠脉造影 (CAG)的安全性和可靠性。方法 :自 2 0 0 0年 5月～ 2 0 0 2年 10月 ,我院经肱动脉途径共对 2 0 3例患者行CAG ,与同期经股动脉途径行CAG的 5 0 0例患者比较 ,观察两组手术成功率、并发症发生率、冠状动脉造影时间、X光透视时间和手术操作时间。结果 :两组手术成功率分别为 98 5 %和 10 0 % ,X光透视时间为 (6 5± 3 5 )min和(5 9± 3 6 )min ,并发症发生率为 1 4 8%和 5 2 % ,手术操作时间分别为 (31 5± 16 2 )min和 (30 2± 15 7)min。两组手术成功率 ,X光透视时间和手术操作时间无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但肱动脉组并发症发生率明显低于股动脉组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :经肱动脉行CAG安全可靠 ,值得推广应用     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.