脑钠肽与高血压左室重塑、左室功能的关系

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者脑钠肽(BNP)水平与左室几何构型、左室功能的关系。方法:应用荧光免疫法快速测定EH组(106例)和对照组(46例)的血浆BNP浓度,根据心脏彩色超声检测结果,依照左室重量指数(LVMI)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)将106例EH患者分为:正常构型亚组(12例)、向心性重构亚组(9例)、离心性肥厚亚组(64例)、向心性肥厚亚组(21例)。应用相关性分析了解EH组LVMI、RWT、年龄、血压、体质指数(BMI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等因素与BNP关系。结果:在EH各构型亚组中LVMI以离心性肥厚亚组最高,向心性肥厚亚组、离心性肥厚亚组BNP水平较对照组升高明显。EH组LVMI与BNP具有明显的正相关性(r=0.605,P<0.01),RWT与BNP具有明显的负相关(r=-0.266,P<0.01),LVEF与BNP呈负相关(r=-0.552,P<0.01),LVMI、RWT与血压、BMI之间无明显相关性。结论:EH组中不同的左室几何构型对BNP水平产生不同影响,具有更高的LVMI值和更低的LVEF、RWT值患者,BNP水平更高,而年龄、血压、BMI与BNP、LVMI、RWT无明显相关性。     

应用多普勒组织成像技术评价原发性高血压左室舒张功能及其相关因素

目的:应用多普勒组织成像技术(DTI)探讨原发性高血压(EH)左室舒张功能的特点,同时检测血中心钠素(ANP)、脑钠素(BNP)的变化,分析两者与左室舒张功能的关系。方法:对照组20例,EH患者(EH组)61例,均行常规超声及DTI检查,EH患者根据左室质量指数(LVMI)分为左室心肌肥厚(LVH)亚组和无 LVH(NLVH )亚组。DTI测量二尖瓣侧环心肌舒张早期峰值运动速度(e)、晚期峰值运动速度(a)及其比值(e/a),测量二尖瓣瓣尖水平舒张早期的最大流速(E0)、舒张晚期的最大流速(A)及 E0 与A流速的比值E0/A。入选病例均测定血浆ANP、BNP浓度。结果:与对照组相比,EH患者E0/A、e/a减小,LVH亚组减小更明显;与对照组相比,EH血浆 ANP、BNP浓度升高, LVH升高更明显; E0/A、e/a比值与 ANP 呈负相关( r = - 0.56和 r = -0.60, 均P<0.01),与BNP呈负相关( r=-0.62和 r=-0.65,均 P<0.01)。结论:血浆 ANP、BNP与应用DTI技术评价的EH左室舒张功能均有较好相关性。     

Relationship between left atrial appendage function and plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the most intensely granuled cardiocytes secreting atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are located in the atrial appendages. AIMS: To evaluate the mechanisms of ANP release in congestive heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: The relationship between ANP and left atrial appendage (LAA) function was evaluated in 36 patients who underwent both transoesophageal echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. ANP level correlated positively with mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mPCWP; r=0.75, P<0.0001), whereas it showed no significant correlation with the mean right atrial pressure. mPCWP correlated positively with the maximal LAA area (LAAa; r=0.79, P<0.0001) and negatively with the LAA ejection fraction during atrial contraction (LAA-EF; r=-0.61, P<0.0001) and peak late diastolic LAA emptying flow velocity (LAAF; r=-0.69, P<0.0001). ANP level correlated negatively with the LAA-EF (r=-0.56, P<0.001) and with LAAF (r=-0.61, P<0.0001). ANP level correlated more closely with the LAAa (r=0.79, P<0.0001) than with maximal LA volume (r=0.34, P<0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis selected LAAa as the only factor independently related to the plasma concentration of ANP (ANP=-22.4+28.6 LAAa, r=0.79, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the factor most predictive for ANP in patients with left-sided cardiac dysfunction is distension of the LAA wall rather than elevation in the LA pressure or distension of the body of LA. This is consistent with the known distribution of ANP-secreting cardiocytes.     

Relation of plasma brain and atrial natriuretic peptides to left ventricular geometric patterns in essential hypertension

We investigated whether plasma brain and atrial natriuretic peptide (BNP and ANP, respectively) levels could reflect left ventricular (LV) geometry and function in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. A positive correlation was found between LV mass index (LVMI) and plasma ANP levels in 84 untreated, hypertensive patients, but not between LVMI and plasma BNP levels. As compared with other geometric patterns, plasma BNP levels were increased in concentric hypertrophy, in which LVMI was increased and LV diastolic function was decreased. These data suggest that production of BNP was increased in hypertensive patients with concentric hypertrophy via LV overload or depression of diastolic function.     

原发性高血压患者左室肥厚与血浆肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽的关系

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者血浆中肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽(PAMP)与左室肥厚的相互关系。方法:观察62例EH患者血浆PAMP的变化以及与左室重量指数之间的关系。结果:经超声心动图检查显示,62例EH患者中伴左室肥厚者42例,无左室肥厚患者20例。EH伴左室肥厚患者血浆PAMP浓度较无左室肥厚患者明显增高(65·8±12·0)∶(60·8±9·0)ng/L,P<0·05。结论:EH患者血浆PAMP的升高可能为机体的代偿反应,有助于改善患者的预后。     

Association of atrial natriuretic peptide and type a natriuretic peptide receptor gene polymorphisms with left ventricular mass in human essential hypertension.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of our study was to investigate the relationships between atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPRA) gene polymorphisms and left ventricular structure in human essential hypertension. BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence supports a key role for natriuretic peptides in the modulation of cardiac mass. This relationship has not yet been described in human disease. METHODS: A total of 203 hypertensive patients were studied by mono-bidimensional echocardiography. Three markers of the ANP gene (-C664G, G1837A, and T2238C polymorphisms) and a microsatellite marker of both NPRA and BNP genes were characterized. RESULTS: Patients carrying the ANP gene promoter allelic variant had increased left ventricular mass index (117.4 +/- 1.7 g vs. 95.7 +/- 1.7 g, p = 0.005), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (1.14 +/- 0.07 cm vs. 0.96 +/- 0.01 cm, p < 0.0001), left ventricular septal thickness (1.12 +/- 0.10 cm vs. 1.04 +/- 0.01 cm, p = 0.01), and relative wall thickening (47.5 +/- 4.1% vs. 39.4 +/- 5.3%, p = 0.001) as compared with the wild-type genotype. These associations were independent from anthropometric factors and major clinical features and were confirmed in a large subgroup of never-treated hypertensive patients (n = 148). Carrier status of the ANP gene promoter allelic variant was associated with significantly lower plasma proANP levels: 1,395 +/- 104 fmol/ml versus 3,110 +/- 141 fmol/ml in hypertensive patients carrying the wild-type genotype (p < 0.05). A significant association for NPRA gene variants with left ventricular mass index and left ventricular septal thickness was found. The analysis of BNP did not reveal any effect on cardiac phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that the ANP/NPRA system significantly contributes to ventricular remodeling in human essential hypertension.     

心房颤动患者氨基末端脑钠肽前体水平与左心房大小的临床研究

目的探讨左心室收缩功能正常的心房颤动患者血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平与左心房内径(LAD)的关系及临床意义。方法选取左心收缩功能正常的阵发性心房颤动患者31例、持续性心房颤动患者30例和永久性心房颤动患者33例,另选30名窦性心律者为对照组,比较不同类型心房颤动患者与窦性心律者血清NT-proBNP水平,并观察血清NT-proBNP水平与LAD大小的关联。结果心房颤动患者血清NT-proBNP水平较窦性心律者升高,差异有统计学意义[(305.2±170.9)ng/L比(57.2±31.9)ng/L,P<0.01]。其中持续性心房颤动组的LAD和NT-proBNP较阵发性心房颤动组均显著升高[LAD:(33.7±4.9)mm比(30.5±3.3)mm,P<0.05;NT-proBNP:(261.8±124.9)ng/L比(143.7±26.2)ng/L,P<0.05];永久性心房颤动组的LAD和NT-proBNP较阵发性心房颤动组均显著升高[LAD:(37.5±2.9)mm比(30.5±3.3)mm,P<0.05;NT-proBNP:(599.0±33.5)ng/L比(143.7±26.2)ng/L,P<0.05];永久性心房颤动组的LAD和NT-proBNP较持续性心房颤动组均显著升高[LAD:(37.5±2.9)mm比(33.7±4.9)mm,P<0.05;NT-proBNP:(599.0±33.5)ng/L比(261.8±124.9)ng/L,P<0.05]。不同类型心房颤动组的LAD越大(中位值分别为30.5、33.7和37.5 mm),患者血清NT-proBNP的水平越高(中位值分别为143.7ng/L、261.8ng/L和599.0 ng/L)多元线性逐步回归分析显示,LAD、心房颤动类型和病程是高血清NT-proBNP水平的独立预测因素(均为P<0.01)。结论在左心室收缩功能正常的不同类型心房颤动患者中,血清NT-proBNP水平明显高于窦性心律者,可能与患者心房结构重构及心房颤动类型和病程密切相关。     

Relationship between plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels and atrial pressure in man

In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms regulating the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in man, ANP levels in pulmonary arterial plasma determined by RIA were correlated to hemodynamic variables in 17 patients with heart disease who underwent cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. In addition, plasma ANP levels in various blood vessels were determined in 7 patients with heart disease and in 7 normal subjects to determine the source and the site of removal of circulating ANP. A significantly positive correlation was found between plasma ANP levels and mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, while the correlation between plasma ANP levels and mean right atrial pressure was not significant. After the injection of contrast medium, both mean right arterial pressure and plasma ANP levels increased, and a significant positive correlation was found between the two variables. When ANP levels in plasma collected from various blood vessels were compared, the highest levels were found in the coronary sinus. Plasma ANP levels in the renal vein were the lowest and were 50% of the levels in the aorta. Plasma ANP levels in the superior vena cava and internal jugular vein were higher than that in the antecubital vein. Analysis of immunoreactive ANP in pooled plasma by high performance liquid chromatography revealed that the retention time of the main ANP peak coincided with that of synthetic human alpha ANP. These results indicate that circulating ANP mainly originates from the heart, the kidney rapidly takes up a significant amount of ANP from the circulation, and an increase in both left and right atrial pressure triggers ANP release in man.     

Low atrial natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations in 100 patients with essential hypertension

Although atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays a key role in electrolyte and volume regulation and causes direct vasorelaxation, controversial results have been reported in hypertensive patients. We studied 58 men and 42 women, aged 19 to 78 years, with essential hypertension (blood pressure: 150 to 210/95 to 110 mm Hg) using 24 h blood pressure recording, treadmill exercise and x-ray of the chest. In 70 patients ANP plasma concentrations were found to be completely within the normal range of healthy controls (17 to 38 fmol/mL; n = 50) and 52% were detected within the lower third or even below the normal range. In mild to moderate essential hypertension a diminished secretion of ANP may be responsible for an elevated blood pressure in these patients.     

心钠素基因多态性与原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚的关系

目的 探讨人类心钠素（ANP）基因多态性与原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚的关系.方法 选择原发性高血压患者106例,根据心脏超声检查结果分为单纯高血压组（对照组）75例和高血压合并左心室肥厚组（观察组）31例,采用PCR技术检测人类ANP基因C664G、G1837A和T2238C位点的多态性,比较两组基因型及等位基因分布差异.结果 观察组患者人类ANP基因C664G位点GG基因型频率为54.8％,高于对照组的33.3％（P＜0.05）.两组患者人类ANP基因G1837A位点和T2238C位点基因型和各等位基因频率差异无统计学意义.结论 人类ANP基因C664G位点的基因变异可能与原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚有关.     

Effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide in essential hypertension

Because there is little published information on the effects of atrial peptides in hypertensive humans, 100 micrograms of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide was injected intravenously into six patients with essential hypertension in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study under standardized conditions of body posture and dietary sodium and potassium intake. The peptide increased urine sodium excretion sixfold in the first 30 minutes. Smaller increments occurred in urine volume and in calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus excretion; the rise in urine potassium concentration was not statistically significant. Most of these indices returned to time-matched placebo values within 1 hour, but urine sodium excretion remained high for 2 1/2 hours. Arterial pressure fell within 2 minutes of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide injection, then returned to matching placebo levels by 10 minutes. Conversely, heart rate increased rapidly and remained elevated for 3 hours. The peptide induced a prompt, brief rise in plasma norepinephrine concentration and a more sustained fall in epinephrine and aldosterone levels, but it did not affect plasma renin activity or cortisol concentration. Compared with normotensive volunteers studied previously under the same conditions, the hypertensive subjects had a greater response in urine volume and sodium, calcium, and magnesium excretion but a less sustained fall in arterial pressure.     

血浆脑钠肽与心功能参数的相关研究

目的:探讨心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平与左心室功能的关系及其临床意义. 方法:测定并比较60例心力衰竭患者及30名正常人血浆BNP、左室舒张末横径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等指标. 结果:心力衰竭患者血浆BNP、LVEDD均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),LVEF显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).BNP水平随着心功能NYHA分级程度的加重而增高,并且BNP水平与LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.687,P＜0.001),而与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.639,P＜0.001). 结论:血浆BNP水平对心衰患者的诊断、病情和预后判断具有重要临床意义.     

血浆脑钠肽与心功能参数的相关研究

目的：探讨心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平与左心室功能的关系及其临床意义。方法：测定并比较60例心力衰竭患者及30名正常人血浆BNP、左室舒张末横径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等指标。结果：心力衰竭患者血浆BNP、LVEDD均显著高于对照组(P＜0．01),LVEF显著低于对照组(P＜0．01)。BNP水平随着心功能NYHA分级程度的加重而增高,并且BNP水平与LVEDD呈正相关(r=0．687,P＜0．001),而与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0．639,P＜0．001)。结论：血浆BNP水平对心衰患者的诊断、病情和预后判断具有重要临床意义。     

心钠素基因T2238C多态性和C型受体基因A-55C多态性与老年高血压病的关系

目的探讨心钠素（ANP）基因T2238C多态性及其C型受体（NPRC）基因A-55C多态性与老年高血压病的关系。方法采用基因芯片技术测定高血压病患者（238例）和健康对照者（184例）的ANP基因T2238C、NPRC基因A-55C多态性,并对两组检测结果进行基因型和等位基因频率的对照观察,应用logistic回归分析基因多态性对血压的影响。结果ANP基因T2238C基因型及等位基因频率在高血压病组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=4．240～4．728,P均〈0．05）;两组间NPRC基因A-55C基因型和等位基因频率比较差异也有统计学意义（χ^2=5．517～5．950,P均〈0．05）。logistic回归分析显示ANP基因T2238C、NPRC基因A-55C是高血压病发病的危险因素（P〈0．05）。结论ANP基因T2238C和NPRC基因A-55C可能是高血压病的遗传易感基因。     

Platelet binding sites and plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with essential hypertension

The plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the density and affinity of binding sites for ANP in platelets was investigated in patients with essential hypertension. Severe hypertensives were studied whilst still on medication. All subjects were ambulatory and were investigated after 3 days on a 135 mmol/day sodium intake. Plasma ANP levels were significantly increased from 13 +/- 1 fmol/ml in healthy normotensive controls to 39 +/- 5 fmol/ml (P less than 0.01) in moderate or severe hypertensives uncontrolled by treatment. Platelet binding sites varied in a non-linear inverse relationship to plasma concentration of ANP (r = -0.76), from 14 +/- 1 fmol per 10(9) platelets in healthy subjects to 8 +/- 1 fmol per 10(9) platelets in severe hypertensives, uncontrolled by treatment, (P less than 0.05). The latter group with elevated plasma ANP and reduced density of ANP platelet sites, had a high incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and increased left ventricular mass index by echocardiography. When a diuretic was added or stopped, plasma ANP and ANP sites in platelets varied inversely, with lower ANP concentration in plasma and higher density of ANP receptors in platelets when receiving the diuretic. Plasma concentrations of ANP are increased and the density of ANP receptors is decreased in moderate to severe uncontrolled essential hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy, but neither parameter differs from those of healthy age-matched volunteers in mild essential hypertension.     

新疆哈萨克族心钠素基因C-664G变异与原发性高血压的相关性

目的:研究人类心钠素(hANP)基因C-664G在新疆哈萨克族人群中是否存在变异,该变异与新疆哈萨克族原发性高血压(EH)的相关性。方法:采用多聚酶链式反应法及限制性内切酶片段长度多态性技术,对新疆哈萨克族260例EH患者(EH组)及169例正常血压者(正常血压组)的外周血白细胞DNA,进行hANP基因C-664G多态性检测,观察CC、GG和CG不同基因型以及该位点C、G不同等位基因频率在EH组和正常血压组中的分布。结果:①CC、CG和GG基因型在EH组的分布频率为0·99、0·01和0,在正常血压组为0·99、0·01和0,2组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0·05);C和G等位基因频率在EH组中分别为0·99、0·01,在正常血压组中分别为0·997和0·003,2组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。②2组进行性别比较发现,CG型均分布在女性;EH组中女性CG型频率(0·02)和G等位基因频率(0·01)均高于正常血压组女性CG型频率(0·01)和G等位基因频率(0·005),但2组差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论:①hANP基因C-664G在新疆哈萨克族人群中存在着变异,该变异与新疆哈萨克族EH无相关关系;②hANP基因C-664G变异在新疆哈萨克族人群中可能存在性别差异的趋势。     

血浆脑钠素浓度与心功能不全患者心脏收缩功能的关系

目的探讨脑钠素(BNP)浓度与心功能不全严重程度及左室收缩功能的关系。方法用放射免疫分析法测定了43例心功能不全患者(观察组)的BNP浓度，采用超声心动图测量并计算其左室射血分数(LVEF)、舒张末期内径(LVED)、左房内径(LAID)并与18例健康人(对照组)比较。结果观察组BNP浓度显著高于对照组；BNP浓度与NYHA分级呈正相关，BNP浓度与左室收缩功能不全程度具有良好的相关性。结论BNP浓度可以反映心力衰竭的严重程度及左室收缩功能不全的程度。     

C型钠尿肽与高血压及左室肥厚的关系

目的 :初步探讨血浆 C型钠尿肽 （CNP）水平与高血压及左室肥厚程度的相关性。方法 :采用卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠 （SHRSP） ,并与正常血压大鼠 （WKY）作对照 ,应用放射免疫方法检测 CNP水平。结果 :SHRSP组收缩压 （SBP）和反映左室肥厚的指标如左心室加室间隔 （L V+S）重量和 （L V+S） /体重 （BW）比值均明显高于 WKY组 （P<0 .0 1） ;SHRSP血浆 CNP水平 （145± 42 ng/ L）明显高于 WKY（72± 11ng/ L） ,差异非常显著 （P<0 .0 1） ;SHRSP血浆 CNP与 SBP,（L V+S） / BW均呈正相关 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,而 CNP与心率 （HR）、右心室 （RV）重量和 BW则未见明显相关性 （P>0 .0 5 ）。结论 :血浆 CNP水平可以反映高血压及左室肥厚程度。