髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折的诊疗方法

目的 总结髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折１２例的诊治情况。方法 根据股骨头骨折Ｘ线片及ＣＴ所见采取单纯牵引７例,手术治疗５例,包括关节内游离骨片摘除１例,髋关节碎骨片清理,髋臼骨折复位内固定２例,行股骨头骨折切开复位可吸收螺丝钉内固定术２例。术后早期开始被动及主动髋关节功能锻炼。结果 经过６个月￣３年随访,髋关节功能优良率达９１．６％。结论 对髋脱位复位后股骨头骨折对位良好及关节腔外非负重区游离骨片者无需手术治疗,同时注意关节早期功能锻炼,以利关节磨造及软骨修复。     

儿童创伤性髋关节脱位的诊断与治疗

目的探讨儿童创伤性髋关节脱位（TDHC）的诊断及治疗结果,提高对TDHC的认识。方法对4例TDHC病例及随访资料进行分析总结。4例均一期行闭合复位、皮牵引固定治疗。结果4例获随访1．5～7．0年,平均3．6年。患儿髋关节活动正常,无疼痛,X线片未见股骨头坏死征象。结论儿童创伤性髋关节脱位发生率较低,造成创伤所需的能量较小。早期诊断并及时行关节复位,治疗效果满意。     

C型骨盆骨折合并髋关节中心性脱位的手术治疗

目的:研究C型骨盆骨折合并髋关节中心性脱位的临床疗效。方法:13例患者中男8例,女5例;年龄23～65岁,平均36.5岁。骨盆骨折分型:C1型8例,C2型3例,C3型2例。髋臼“T”形骨折2例,粉碎性骨折9例,双柱骨折2例。均采用手术治疗,术前术后均采用股骨髁上牵引,术中采用髂腹股沟入路,必要时附加患髋后外侧切口,术中采用重建钢板固定。结果:本组随访时间6～28个月,平均13.4个月。髋臼骨折复位后残存移位:0～1mm9例,2～3mm2例,4～5mm2例,无>5mm者。髂骨骨折复位后各向残存移位:0～1mm9例,2～5mm3例,>5mm1例。3例原发性坐骨神经损伤的患者,术后3个月内其感觉、运动功能全部获得恢复。1例继发性坐骨神经损伤,术后6个月恢复。异位骨化2例,股骨头坏死、髋臼及股骨头软骨坏死、髋关节创伤性关节炎5例,患者关节疼痛、活动受限,影响功能。疗效综合评定:优8例,良1例,可2例,差2例。结论:C型骨盆骨折合并髋关节中心性脱位通过手术治疗,能够最大程度恢复其解剖结构,术后关节功能恢复较好。     

手术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位

目的 探讨手术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位的临床治疗效果.方法 小儿发育性髋关节脱位患者21例共33个髋关节作为研究对象,其中男5例7个髋关节,女16例26个髋关节.年龄为3～6岁,平均年龄为(4.12±1.23)岁.所有对象均接受pemberton截骨术和salter截骨术,并进行随访观察.结果 本组均获随访,随访时间为10～34个月,平均23个月.小儿发育性髋关节脱位患者手术后优良率为93.94％.X线结果显示,有19例达到同心圆复位,无再脱位发生,有2例患者分别发生股骨头缺血性坏死和关节僵硬.结论 对小儿发育性髋关节脱位患者,采用pem-berton髋臼截骨术和salter截骨术的改良手术有较好的临床治疗效果,值得临床推广使用.     

关节镜手术治疗髋关节疾病的临床研究

[目的]研究髋关节镜治疗髋关节疾病的方法、疗效及适应证,探讨关节镜在髋关节疾病中的临床价值.[方法]2001年10月～2007年1月,采用髋关节镜手术治疗103例(129髋)髋关节疾病,其中股骨头坏死50髋;创伤性髋关节炎8髋;髋关节骨性关节炎34髋;色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎9髋;强脊性髋关节炎12髋;慢性滑膜炎6髋;髋关节盂唇损伤6髋;髋关节游离体2髋;不明原因髋痛2髋.根据不同病变情况,镜下采取清理滑膜、咬除或刨削退变的软骨、修整不平的关节面和骨质面、磨除增生的骨赘、软骨下微钻孔减压、咬除并修整损伤盂唇、取出游离体、生理盐水灌洗关节腔等治疗手段.[结果]随访6个月～5年,平均1年10个月,术后Harris评分(85±3.4)分,与术前(49±4.3)分相比显著提高(t=4.18,P＜0.001).其中,疼痛缓解程度:股骨头坏死为26髋(52.0%),骨件关节炎(包括创伤性髋关节炎)为28髋(66.7%),滑膜炎类病变(包括强直性髋关节炎、色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎和慢性滑膜炎)为20髋(74.0%),髋关节游离体为2髋(100%),盂唇损伤为5髋(83.3%);关节活动改善程度:股骨头坏死为39髋(78.0%),骨性关节炎为29髋(69.0%),滑膜炎类病变为23髋(85.1%),髋关节游离体和盂唇损伤的功能均达到止常.[结论]髋关节镜对于髋关节滑膜类病变、关节软骨类病变,可达到良好的治疗效果;对于股骨头坏死的治疗必需与其他方法配合使用.髋关节镜作为一种微创手术,具有对关节血运和稳定性破坏小的优势,对于减轻疼痛、改善关节活动功能、延缓关节置换的时间起到了积极的作用.     

青少年先天性髋关节脱位手术治疗

目的 :探讨青少年先天性髋关节脱位的手术治疗。方法 :18例 2 2髋青少年先天性髋关节脱位 ,其中 16髋术前不牵引 ,一期综合手术矫正全部畸形。手术步骤包括彻底软组织松解 ,股骨粗隆下短缩、去旋转、内翻截骨 ,髋臼覆盖重建 ,准确地同心圆中心关节复位。双侧脱位 4髋行原位髋臼加盖术。结果 :本组 16髋术后均获得满意复位 ,其中 12例 14髋随访 18～ 72个月 ,平均 (3 8± 10 .5 )个月 ,按Muller和Seddon的标准 ,优 4髋 ,良 7髋 ,可 2髋 ,差 1髋。结论 :对青少年单侧先天性髋关节脱位应积极综合手术复位 ,对双侧脱位者应慎重选择复位术。     

创伤性髋关节脱位的治疗及疗效观察

目的探讨创伤性髋关节脱位的治疗方法及疗效。方法对43例创伤性髋关节脱位的患者进行分型,前脱位、后脱位和中心性脱位分别为3例、36例、4例。其中36例后脱位按Thompso和Epstein分型:Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型15例,Ⅲ型7例,Ⅳ型3例,Ⅴ型7例。闭合复位21例,手术切开复位22例。结果术后随访1～5年,按MerledAubigne髋关节评分系统评分:优17例,良11例,中6例,可3例,差6例。术后股骨头缺血性坏死8例。结论创伤性髋关节脱位是致残率较高的创伤,早期的确诊和准确而稳定的复位是治疗创伤性髋关节脱位的关键。骨盆X线片上证实同心圆复位是必要的。延时复位可能导致股骨头缺血性坏死等并发症的发病率增高。     

人工全髋关节置换术后假体脱位的治疗

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术后假体脱位的治疗方法。方法1997年7月～2004年10月，共收治人工全髋关节置换术后假体脱位23例，男9例，女14例；年龄53～79岁。行CT及X线片检查，了解假体松动情况及假体位置，并分析脱位原因。无假体松动者，麻醉下手法复位、行稳定性试验。手法复位成功且稳定者，胫骨结节牵引4～6周。手法复位失败或不稳定者，原入路切开，根据术前及术中情况，调整offset值及部分假体组件。稳定者，关节囊修补，胫骨结节牵引4～6周。仍不稳定或松动者采用翻修手术。结果23例患者，1例松动者采用全髋关节翻修；10例手法复位治疗成功；12例手法复位后不稳定或失败患者中，5例行切开复位关节囊修补，2例采用加长股骨头增加offset值，2例改用防脱位髋臼内衬，1例采用加长股骨头并调整异常髋臼内衬位置，2例仍不稳定者采用全髋关节翻修。患者均获随访1～5年，平均1．9年。均未出现再脱位。术后1年Harris评分72～94分，平均87分。结论人工全髋关节置换术后假体脱位，应根据脱位原因和术中稳定情况选择不同的治疗方法。     

全髋关节置换术后脱位的原因分析及处理

[目的]探讨全髋关节置换术后发生脱位的原因、处理及预防方法.[方法]自1996～2004年在本院行全髋关节置换患者共850例,发生置换术后脱位7例,其中男4例,女3例;平均年龄67岁;通过对术前病史、手术入路、术后脱位的时间以及发生脱位的方向进行回顾性研究以探讨脱位的原因、处理以及如何预防.[结果]本组发生全髋关节置换术后脱位7例,其中5例(5/7)为初次全髋关节置换术后脱位,2例(2/7)为翻修手术后脱位;4例(4/7)有既往髋部手术史;1例有脑部手术后精神异常,不配合治疗;脱位方向均为前脱位;所有患者均采用正外侧入路即改良Hardinge入路.髋臼假体外展角2例(2/7)大于55°.发生脱位时间自术后当天至术后27个月,其中5例发生于术后3个月以内.所有7例患者在脱位后均首先给以麻醉下闭合复位、下肢皮牵引6周治疗,其中6例患者获得稳定并未再复发性脱位;1例患者在复位后3个月内又连续2次脱位,并在复位过程中发生髋臼松动,给以手术翻修髋臼调整外展角后获得稳定.[结论]导致全髋关节置换术后脱位的危险因素主要包括髋部手术史、术后患者不能严格按照医嘱进行康复训练、手术人路以及假体位置不良等.对于大多数脱位患者而言,闭合复位以及皮牵引6周是有效的治疗方法,对于复发性脱位的患者在分析脱位原因后可通过翻修手术获得髋关节的稳定.     

髋关节滑膜软骨瘤病的关节镜下治疗

[目的]探讨关节镜治疗髋关节滑膜软骨瘤病的方法和疗效,初步提出髋关节滑膜软骨瘤病的镜下分型。[方法]自2001年3月～2008年5月本院收治髋关节滑膜软骨瘤病患者21例,其中男15例,女6例;手术时年龄17～49岁,平均32.4岁;左侧9例,右侧12例。采用关节镜技术取出游离体并行滑膜切除术。病变位于外周间室者术中放松牵引进行手术,对于髋臼窝病变,需要借助弧形刨削刀和可折弯射频。[结果]所有患者术后症状缓解,MRI显示关节积液减少或消失,随访时间11个月～8年,平均45个月,Harris评分由术前的56.2分增加至随访时92分,疗效优良率85.7%。随访期内未见复发。[结论]髋关节镜治疗原发性髋关节滑膜软骨瘤创伤小、术后功能恢复快、效果满意。髋关节滑膜软骨瘤病的镜下分型可以指导手术操作并避免遗漏病变。     

全髋关节置换术后关节不稳的处理策略

正对于晚期关节炎,全髋关节置换可明显减少疼痛,提高患者的功能,具有较高的满意度和较低的手术并发症[1-2]。全髋关节置换的目标是无痛,活动时关节稳定,获得最大限度的活动范围,没有撞击和下肢长度尽量相等[3]。术后一个重要的并发症就是关节不稳,这是引起关节翻修的原因之一。     

Total hip arthroplasty for developmental hip dysplasia

We reviewed 38 hip replacements in 33 female patients (mean age 55.3 years) with developmental hip dysplasia. One patient had died and the remaining 32 patients (36 hips) had a mean follow-up of 12.2 years (range 8–19 years). All hips were replaced using the Müller cemented implant, and in 32 hips bulk femoral head autograft was used. In 33 hips the socket was reconstructed at the level of the true acetabulum. Complications included one intra-operative femoral fracture and two early dislocations. Correction of leg length discrepancy was possible in 30 patients. The post-operative mean modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scores for pain, movement and walking were 5.9, 5, and 5.3 respectively. One cup was revised due to aseptic loosening at ten years. All grafts united, but minor graft resorption was noticed in 24 hips, moderate in 2 hips and major in 1 hip.

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Résumé Nous avons examiné 38 remplacements prothétiques de la hanche chez 33 femmes (age moyen 55,3 ans) avec une dysplasie de la hanche. Une patiente était décédée et les 32 autres (36 hanches) avaient un suivi moyen de 12,2 ans ( 8 à 19). Toutes les hanches ont eu un implant type Müller cimenté et pour 32 une autogreffe massive de tête fémorale a été utilisé. Pour 33 hanches la cavité a été reconstruite au niveau du paléo-cotyle. Les complications comprenaient une fracture fémorale opératoire et deux luxations précoces. La correction de l’inégalité de longueur des membres inférieurs était obtenue chez 30 malades. Le score postopératoire modifié de Merle d’Aubigné et Postel pour la douleur, la mobilité et la marche étaient en moyenne de 5,9, 5 et 5,3 respectivement. Une cupule a été révisée pour un descellement aseptique à 10 ans. Toutes les greffes ont consolidé, mais une résorption mineure de la greffe a été remarquée dans 24 hanches, une résorption modéré dans deux hanches et majeure dans une.

     

The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty

We studied the cases of fifty-two patients with an infection at the site of a prosthetic total hip replacement, and are reporting the significant clinical features, infecting organisms, methods of treatment, and results at long-term follow-up. Forty-eight per cent of the hips had had an operation prior to the index arthroplasty, and 42 per cent had a wound complication. All patients had pain in the infected hip, but only 54 per cent had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than thirty millimeters per hour, 44 per cent had fever, and 15 per cent had leukocytosis. In 88 per cent of the patients a single organism was grown on culture, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were present in about 75 per cent. When antibiotic therapy alone was the initial treatment, the infection was eradicated in only one patient. Excisional arthroplasty was the definitive surgical procedure in thirty-three patients and the infection was eradicated in twenty-seven of them, but the clinical result was satisfactory in only twenty. Of ten patients who had a true Girdlestone arthroplasty, none had recurrence of the infection and all had a clinically satisfactory outcome.     

Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease

BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that the clinical and radiographic results of total hip replacement performed for degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip disease vary depending on the severity of the anatomical abnormality. In this study, we report the mid-term and long-term clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty performed for each of the three different types of congenital hip disease. METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, the senior author performed 229 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in 168 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease. Seventy-six hips were dysplastic, sixty-nine had a low dislocation, and eighty-four had a high dislocation. The Charnley low-friction technique was performed in 178 hips, and the so-called hybrid technique was performed in forty-six hips. Cementless arthroplasty was used in only five hips. RESULTS: After a minimum of seven years of follow-up, the rates of revision of the acetabular components were 15% in the dysplastic hips, 21% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 14% in those with a high dislocation. The rates of revision of the femoral components were 14%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. Survivorship analysis predicted an overall rate of prosthetic survival at fifteen years of 88.8% +/- 4.8% in the dysplastic hips, 73.9% +/- 7.2% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 76.4% +/- 8.1% in those with a high dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the anatomical abnormalities and the use of appropriate techniques and implants make total hip arthroplasty feasible for treatment of the three types of congenital hip disease. In patients with a low dislocation, the major technical problem is reconstruction of the natural acetabulum. In those with a high dislocation, the challenge is to place the acetabular component inside the reconstructed true acetabulum and to use an appropriate femoral implant in the hypoplastic narrow femoral diaphysis.     

Total hip arthroplasty after arthrodesis of the hip joint

The results of 15 conversions of a hip arthrodesis into a total hip arthroplasty performed in the years 1980-1995 are reported. Fifteen patients (8 men, 7 women) underwent total hip arthroplasty 30.9 (range 2-61) years after spontaneous or operative fusion of a hip joint. The primary indications of the conversion were low-back pain (n = 10), knee pain (n = 2) and hip problems (n = 3). At follow-up examination 5.4 (range 2-13.3) years postoperatively, the Harris Hip Score averaged 86.0 (range 70.1-99.0). Six patients were pain-free, 7 had less pain, 2 felt no improvement of pain. All patients confirmed that they would undergo the operation again. The Trendelenburg sign was negative or mild in 8 patients and moderate to severe in 7. Aseptic loosening of 2 stems (1 cemented, 1 cementless) and 2 deep infections required revision surgery. We conclude that this operation can lead to satisfactory results even after a long duration of the arthrodesis. However, full function with no pain and a negative Trendelenburg sign could be obtained in only 20% (3/15) of the cases.     

The opposite hip in congenital dislocation of the hip

A retrospective study of the development of the hip opposite a congenitally dislocated hip was carried out to identify at an early age those hips which would develop abnormally. Recognised radiological measurements were used showing the development of the joints with age. The development was compared with that of a control group of normal hips. Single measurements were shown to be unreliable in predicting the development of the hip. A simple hip ratio is proposed which predicts, at an early age and with a high degree of accuracy, the developmental outcome.     

全髋关节置换术髋臼旋转中心的回顾性研究

[目的]通过手术前后对髋臼旋转中心的X线测量，探讨髋臼旋转中心的变化对髋关节平衡稳定性的影响。[方法]追溯调查近年本院收治120例155髋，均为首次行全髋关节置换术患者，对比术前术后双髋关节正位X线片，比较术后髋臼假体的旋转中心（HJC1）与解剖髋臼旋转中心（HJC0）的符合率。[结果]旋转中心恢复者98髋（63．23％）（A组），未恢复者57髋（36．77％）（B组）；A、B两组中因人工髋关节松动、脱位、髋部痛等行髋关节假体翻修术分别为6髋（6．12％）、17髋（29．82％）。[结论]髋臼旋转中心的恢复对人工髋关节置换术后的关节稳定性有直接影响。     

Evaluation of hip pain following cemented total hip arthroplasty

The occurrence of pain following a technically satisfactory cemented total hip arthroplasty is of concern for both the orthopedic surgeon and the patient. In order that the source of the pain be accurately located, a scientific approach is required. We present an algorithm for the evaluation of pain following an apparently satisfactory hip arthroplasty which, if followed, results in the correct diagnosis.     

全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)的手术方法并评价其临床疗效。方法12例DDH患者根据Crowe分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型2例。全部采用B iom et全髋假体置换。髋臼假体均为生物型固定,股骨假体除2例骨水泥固定,其余为生物型固定。3例髋臼重建利用自体股骨头于髋臼前外方植骨造盖,9例于真臼水平将髋臼内移;3例股骨重建于转子下截骨短缩并纠正前倾;Ⅲ、Ⅳ型DDH行关节周围软组织松解。结果患者术后均未出现坐骨神经麻痹、下肢深静脉栓塞、切口感染及早期人工关节脱位等并发症。肢体延长最多4.8 cm,平均2.8 cm。随访6个月~2年,Harris髋关节评分由术前平均40.7分提高到84.5分,未发生人工关节脱位或假体松动。结论对有症状的DDH或强烈要求改善步态的年轻患者,全髋置换术是一种有效的治疗方法。