Burnout in academic chairs of otolaryngology: head and neck surgery

BACKGROUND: Burnout can be characterized by a low degree of personal accomplishment and a high degree of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). With increasing demands and constraints placed on academic department chairs, the risk of developing burnout may be increasing. The prevalence of burnout in chairs of academic departments of otolaryngology and the factors associated with it have not been previously described. OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout in otolaryngology chairs and to identify the factors that are associated with burnout development. Understanding these elements can lead to improved prevention, recognition, and treatment of professional burnout. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of 120 academic chairs of otolaryngology in the United States was performed. METHODS: A confidential questionnaire was mailed to U.S. otolaryngology chairs. The questionnaire consisted of six parts assessing the following elements: 1) demographic information, 2) professional stressors, 3) personal and professional life satisfaction, 4) a self efficacy survey, 5) a spousal support survey, and 6) the MBI-HSS. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson correlation and analysis of variance, and burnout data were compared with previously reported data from other department chairs and physicians. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned from 107 department chairs for a response rate of 89%. Chairs were on average 56 years of age, serving as chair for a mean of 11 years. Average work week was 68 hours and did not vary significantly with increasing duration as chair. Sixty-six percent of time was spent delivering patient care, 8% in research, and 26% performing administrative duties. MBI-HSS scores demonstrate 3% of chairs experiencing high burnout, 81% of chairs with moderate burnout, and 16% of chairs with low burnout. On average, chairs have low depersonalization scores, low-moderate emotional exhaustion scores, and low-moderate personal accomplishment scores. High emotional exhaustion or depersonalization was correlated with low self-efficacy, low spousal support, disputes with the dean, department budget deficits, working nights and weekends, Medicare audits, loss of key faculty, and being a malpractice defendant. High personal accomplishment was correlated with increased time spent performing administrative duties. When compared with other physician specialties, otolaryngology chairs demonstrate less sense of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization but also slightly less sense of personal accomplishment. Duration as chair, age, and hours worked per week were not associated with increased burnout. CONCLUSIONS: Most otolaryngology chairs experience moderate levels of burnout. The biggest risk factors for burnout include low self-efficacy, low spousal support, disputes with the medical school dean, department budget deficits, and nights/weekends worked. These findings may help department chairs identify and prevent burnout and may help in developing programs to minimize burnout in our field's academic leaders.     

新冠肺炎疫情期间网络课程在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科教学工作中的应用

目的 探讨新冠肺炎疫情期间网络教学授课形式在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医学教学中的应用效果。方法 将上海交通大学医学院2016级临床医学五年制和八年制学生作为研究对象,按照有或无网课学习经历分为两组,两组学生均因疫情原因,在家学习同一网络课程。疫情缓解期间,学生均已回归校园,于同时同地用同一份试卷进行考核,并进行主观问卷填写,结果应用SPSS 21.0作分析。结果 作为客观指标的理论考试成绩结果显示,实验组（82.04±5.87）分,对照组（84.22±4.12）分,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,表明本次网课内容适当合理,同学们面对新的教学形式未见明显的适应不良,教学质量较满意。作为主观测试指标的教学质量问卷显示：对于网络教学的公认优缺点和特殊时期开展的必要性,两组均比较认同,但对于对于网课的实际效果、自身适应能力等仍存在一定疑虑。结论 网络教学是未来发展必不可少的教学形式,也是较为肯定的发展趋势,但目前可能仍不适合完全替代传统的线下课堂。借由此次的宝贵经验,让线上及线下课程相辅相成,使线上教学成为医学教育中行之有效的方式方法。     

耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专业学位研究生课程案例库的构建及应用

案例教学是运用典型案例,提高学生分析、解决问题能力的一种教学方法。案例库的建设是案例教学有序开展的保障,其通过收集临床案例资料,结合耳鼻咽喉头颈外科硕士研究生教学大纲及教学目标进行整理、加工。栏目分设耳科、鼻科、咽喉及头颈肿瘤外科疾病,每个案例包括基本资料、主诉、病史、症状、体格检查、辅助检查、诊断、治疗、随访等,并选定相应检索词。案例设置难易分为入门案例和提高案例,从特征类型分为典型案例和不典型案例。案例库的内容在教学实践应用中不断修正,使其最适合于耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专业学位研究生临床教学。     

手术预案汇报制度在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的 探讨手术预案汇报制度在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法 以2016—2020年在首都医科大学宣武医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科进行住院医师规范化培训的15名住院医师为研究对象,分为实验组(8名)和对照组(7名)。对照组按照住院医师规范化培训大纲进行培训,实验组要求住院医师在完成培训大纲的基础上,制作并汇报手术预案,通过比较两组的出科考核成绩和年度考核成绩,分析手术预案汇报在教学中的效果。结果 实验组住院医师出科考核成绩为(92.44±2.41)分,而对照组为(88.79±2.67)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.78,dF=13,P<0.05)。实验组住院医师年度考核成绩为(85.87±3.64)分,对照组为(80.29±2.98)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.22,dF=13,P<0.05)。实验组8名住院医师共汇报预案397例,平均(49.62±17.20)例。结论 在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住院医师规范化培训中,住院医师通过制作和汇报手术预案,巩固了基础理论知识、提高了临床思维能力,指导教师对预案中暴露出的问题进行针对性指导,提高了教学效果。     

近发际缘内头皮冠状切口径路在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术中应用的临床意义

目的 探讨近发际缘内头皮冠状切口手术径路在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术中的临床意义。方法 采用经近发际缘内头皮冠状切口入路,行颧骨复合体骨折切开复位内固定术20例;额窦巨大囊肿4例;额窦骨瘤2例;额部良性肿块2例,分析、观察总结此切口的优缺点。结果 28例疗效满意,所有切口均Ι期愈合,无面部切口瘢痕遗留、术后面神经瘫痪、脑膜撕裂脑脊液漏出现。结论 近发际缘内头皮冠状切口手术入路,在颅脑及颌面外科经常使用。在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术中应用此切口,术野显露充分,对比颜面部中上份一些传统入路难以操作的手术更方便,更能提高手术质量。直视下的手术能避免在该区域手术操作中的面神经损伤脑膜损伤脑脊液鼻漏的并发症,同时也隐藏了颜面部的手术切口瘢痕达到术后面部美观之功效。该切口是面中上份手术切口径路的理想选择,值得在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术中应用推广。     

临床病理讨论联合PBL教学模式在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学教学中的构建与实践

目的通过临床病理讨论(clinical pathological conference,CPC)联合PBL(problem-based learning,PBL)教学模式在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学教学中的构建与实践,探索适用于耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学教学的新方法。方法选择西南医科大学2016级临床医学专业本科学生为对象,在卓越医师班中随机选择2个班学生,每班学生30人,共60人,分别作为对照组和观察组。其中对照组以传统多媒体方式进行教学,观察组以CPC和PBL联合教学方式进行教学。根据问卷调查评估表、学生反馈满意度调查表和考试成绩,判断教学效果和存在的不足之处。结果观察组学生的考试成绩(92.32±1.69)分,明显高于对照组学生考试成绩(88.37±5.07)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在满意度方面,观察组为93.3%,高于对照组76.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CPC联合PBL教学模式能激发学生学习的兴趣、发挥学生独立思考解决问题的积极性、培养学生的临床思维能力,是一种适合耳鼻咽喉头颈外科理论教学的教学新模式。     

Impact of duty hour restrictions on otolaryngology training: divergent resident and faculty perspectives

OBJECTIVES: In 2003, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) passed a controversial mandate limiting resident work hours. We sought to examine the impact of these restrictions on otolaryngology programs and to explore faculty and resident perspectives. METHODS: Faculty and residents of all 102 ACGME-accredited otolaryngology residency programs were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 460 respondents: 275 residents and 185 faculty (including 41 program directors) representing 57 otolaryngology programs. Sixty-five percent of programs implemented at least one change specifically to comply with duty-hour restrictions. Strategies included tracking work hours electronically (35.7%), utilization of "home call" (33.1%), and hiring additional healthcare professionals (23.1%). When asked if the restrictions have had a negative effect on patient care, 61% of respondents said no, but a surprising 33% said yes. Sixty-nine percent of faculty felt that the restrictions have actually had a negative effect on resident training compared with only 31% of residents (P<.001). Thirty-nine percent of participants felt resident workload was excessive before the restrictions. Opinions on whether duty-hour limits had fostered improvements in resident education, research, or examination scores varied, but most agreed that resident mental health had improved (67%). CONCLUSIONS: Otolaryngology programs have successfully restricted resident duty hours through significant infrastructural changes. Of concern, the majority of residents surveyed appeared to be in favor of the ACGME restrictions, whereas most program directors and faculty were opposed. Further studies are needed to establish whether limited work hours will enhance or hinder the residency training experience.     

The accuracy of citation and quotation in otolaryngology/head and neck surgery journals1

A high rate of errors of citation and quotation has been reported in the publications of many medical specialties. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of citation and quotation errors in otolaryngology/head and neck surgery journals. A retrospective analysis was performed based on the first issue for 1997 of each of four journals: Laryngoscope;Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology;Clinical Otolaryngology; and Journal of Laryngology and Otology. A sample of 50 references from each journal was randomly selected and each was checked for accuracy against the original referenced paper. Citation errors were categorized as major, intermediate or minor and quotation errors as major or minor. Citation errors occurred in 37.5% of the references, 11.9% of which were considered major errors. Quotation errors occurred in 17%, with 11.1% major errors. This prevalence is similar to the established error rate in medical literature.     

Advanced head and neck surgical techniques: A survey of US otolaryngology resident perspectives

Objectives

To assess the perspectives of OHNS residents with regards to their training in the following advanced head and neck surgery techniques: transoral robotic surgery (TORS), transoral laser microsurgery (TLM), sialendoscopy, and surgeon-performed ultrasound (SP-US) for possible curricula development.