乳腺包虫囊肿的钼靶X线诊断(附7例报告及文献复习)

目的　提高对乳腺包虫囊肿的X线征象认识。方法　对 7例经手术病理证实的乳腺包虫囊肿的钼靶X线表现进行回顾性分析并复习文献。结果　 7例乳腺包虫囊肿 ,1例多发 ,6例单发 ,其中 1例因外伤而破裂。X线片表现为圆形或椭圆形密度均匀的高密度影 ,其边缘光整 ,3例有典型的“蛋壳”样钙化影。结论　结合临床及流行病学资料 ,钼靶X线摄影可作出乳腺包虫囊肿的正确诊断。     

乳腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤X线摄影及CT表现

目的分析8例乳腺NHL的影像学表现,提高对本病影像学表现的认识。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的8例患者X线摄影及CT资料,乳腺为首发部位者5例。非首发部位者3例。X线摄影及CT增强扫描各4例,超声检查5例。结果 X线摄片4例均表现为单发结节或肿块,大小为25～60mm。肿块边界清楚3例。边缘不清楚者1例。增强CT扫描4例中,3例表现为一侧乳腺密度弥漫性增高,皮肤增厚,伴皮下脂肪层消失或部分消失及乳后间隙模糊。1例则显示乳腺单发肿块,40mm×45mm大小,前缘清楚,后缘部分模糊。增强扫描4例中病灶均可见不均匀轻度强化。所有病例未见毛刺或微细钙化。结论乳腺NHL影像学表现缺乏特异性,最终依赖病理组织学检查。若乳腺影像学检查发现结节、肿块或一侧乳腺密度普遍增高,伴皮肤增厚又无钙化及毛刺等表现时,应考虑乳腺淋巴瘤可能,及时行穿刺或切除活检,有利于临床选择适宜治疗方案。     

自体颗粒脂肪移植丰乳术后乳腺X线征象

目的探讨自体脂肪移植丰乳术后乳腺的X线征象。方法对15例自体脂肪移植丰乳术后患者行全数字化乳腺摄影,观察其X线征象。结果 15例患者30例次乳房X线摄片中,3例次乳房无明显异常征象(非同一患者),27例次乳房后间隙及腺体后部散在类圆形低密度区,其内密度同脂肪密度,27例次中,4例次腺体后缘与脂肪交界处移行不自然。23例次腺体后缘受压前移,显示"占位"效应,其中16例次乳房后间隙内见1～3个大小不等油脂性囊肿形成,并有2例次(同一患者)乳房后间隙内散在颗粒状钙化,11例次乳房内多发等密度结节影,边界清晰。结论自体颗粒脂肪移植术后,乳腺X线表现有其特征性,尤其是液化坏死后形成油脂性囊肿并伴有钙化是其特征性表现,可完全与乳腺癌钙化征象鉴别,乳腺X线摄影表现也可评价丰乳效果。     

CT在肺包虫诊断中的价值分析

目的:探讨肺包虫的CT影像识别,为临床提供诊断依据.方法:随机选取我院收治的肺包虫患者9例,对所有患者均进行CT探查,同时对胸部进行X线扫描,对其CT影像进行回顾性研究.结果:CT探查肺包虫结果显示:9例病灶中有6例单发囊性病灶,3例多发囊性病灶,可见囊性病灶中单发病灶多于多发病灶,通常肺中的病灶边缘较清晰,形状一般为圆形或椭圆形,囊内可见有子囊,且密度比较均匀.感染1例,其囊壁呈点状钙化,感染后外囊壁呈弧形钙化,其囊内密度增高且不均匀,破裂时出现的征象有:新月征、水上荷花征、飘带征.结论:CT影像对肺包虫病的识别具有重要意义,可为包虫病的诊断提供可靠依据.     

乳腺肿瘤X线摄影临床价值分析

目的探讨乳腺X线摄影在乳腺肿瘤鉴定与诊断中的应用价值。方法分析70例X线摄影的乳腺肿块患者的影像学资料,X线诊断结果与病理结果进行对比分析。结果乳腺X线摄影结果与金标准病理诊断的符合率为80.00%。70例腺肿块患者的肿块及结构扭曲、钙化等征象23例,仅表现微钙化征象11例,毛刺样肿块21例,伴乳头凹陷8例,乳腺皮肤增厚10例,肿块周围粗大血管征5例。6例良性病变误诊为恶性病变:3例为右乳外上象限肿块影,边缘清晰,呈浅分叶状,未见明显钙化,术后病理结果为乳腺结核;2例为左乳外上象限大片状致密影,其内大片成簇状微小钙化,病理结果为乳腺囊肿;1例为左乳头深部肿块影,边缘模糊欠规整,病理结果为乳腺囊肿。8例良性病变因钼靶表现为边缘模糊,未见明显毛刺征象,术前误诊为乳腺癌。乳腺肿瘤钼靶X线诊断乳腺肿瘤的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为79.49%、80.65%、80.00%。结论肿块及微小钙化是乳腺癌最直接、最主要的X线征象,乳腺X线摄影对乳腺组织结构显示清晰,特别是对微小钙化有很高的诊断价值。     

男性乳腺癌的X线表现及临床分析

目的 探讨男性乳腺癌的X线表现,以增强对本病的认识,提高其临床检出率.方法 收集天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院影像数据库2006-2010年行乳腺X线摄影检查,并根据BI-RADS分类标准诊断为乳腺癌的病例13例,回顾分析本病的X线表现及临床特点,并与男性乳腺的其他疾病进行鉴别诊断,总结男性乳腺癌的X线诊断要点.结果 X线表现为无钙化的肿物9例(69.2%),表现为伴有微钙化灶的肿物4例(30.8%).肿块在乳晕下8例(61.5%),分布于周围象限5例(38.5%).13例均表现为肿块,其中形状不规则9例(69.2%),呈分叶状2例(15.4%),类圆形1例(7.7%),圆形1例(7.7%).9例肿块呈高密度影(69.2%),4例呈等密度影(30.8%).所有患者均经病理证实,11例恶性,其中乳腺癌10例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例,另2例诊断为单纯囊肿伴慢性炎症1例和男性乳腺发育症1例.结论 男性乳腺癌X线摄影检查具有诊断价值,其通常表现为乳晕下无钙化的肿物,与男性乳腺发育症X线表现类似,容易误诊.     

乳腺黏液腺癌X线摄影表现与病理对照分析

目的探讨乳腺黏液腺癌X线摄影表现的病理学基础。方法回顾性分析30例乳腺黏液腺癌（单纯型19例,混合型11例）的X线摄影表现,并分析其病理特点。结果①乳腺黏液腺癌最常见的x线表现为肿块（25例）,伴或不伴钙化。少见征象为局部不对称性致密影伴钙化（5例）;②单纯型黏液腺癌X线表现多为边缘小分叶,混合型黏液腺癌X线摄影多表现为边缘浸润,两者差异有统计学意义;③肿块的形状、大小、密度情况在判断黏液腺癌的病理分型上无统计学意义。结论不同亚型的乳腺黏液腺癌的X线摄影表现不完全一致,单纯型黏液腺癌最常见的表现为边缘小分叶的肿块,较少伴钙化;混合型黏液腺癌最常见的表现为边缘浸润的肿块,多伴细小、多形性钙化。     

乳腺钼靶X线低密度病变的诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 :探讨钼靶X线诊断乳腺低密度病变的价值。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 16例经手术病理证实的乳腺低密度病变的钼靶X线征象及B超、CT表现。结果 :脂肪瘤 8例 ,脂肪为主型纤维腺脂肪瘤 1例 ,低密度型乳汁潴留囊肿 3例 ,创伤后油脂囊肿 4例。最大病变 4cm× 4.5cm ,最小 0 .8cm× 1.5cm。均为低密度或以低密度为主体病变 ,13例密度均匀 ,1例内有分支状钙化 ,1例见弧线形或环线形边缘钙化 ,1例病变内散在斑点状中等密度影。圆形或类圆形 15例 ,分叶状 1例。边缘清楚 14例。结论 :钼靶X线结合B超、CT、临床对乳腺低密度病变可做出正确诊断。     

微小钙化在早期乳腺癌X线诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨乳腺钙化在全数字化乳腺X线摄影中的表现特征及其对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析160例乳腺X线钼靶片中表现为微小钙化的病例,观察钙化的数目、形态、大小、分布、密度等,并与手术病理结果做对照。结果乳腺良、恶性疾病均可出现钙化。本组病例乳腺恶性病变112例,其中导管原位癌24例,浸润性导管癌88例,良性病变48例。钙化呈簇状分布、沿导管方向走行或呈蠕虫型、混合型形态的钙化多见于乳腺癌,弥漫性分布及粗颗粒型或融合型形态的钙化多见于乳腺良性病变。结论分析乳腺X线片中微小钙化形态学表现、密度、数目、走向分布及钙化与肿块的关系,能显著提高乳腺良恶性病变的诊断正确率,对早期乳腺癌的诊断具有极其重要价值。     

应用乳腺影像报告和数据系统分析乳腺叶状肿瘤的影像表现

目的 应用乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的X线、超声及MRI表现,以期提高对该病的影像诊断能力.方法 收集2004-2011年经手术病理证实的乳腺叶状肿瘤18例(20个病灶),其中良性6例,交界性5例,恶性7例.13例行乳腺X线摄影检查,13例做乳腺超声检查,4例行乳腺MRI检查.1例患者为单侧乳腺多发(3个)肿瘤,余17例为单发.按照BI-RADS术语,回顾性分析其影像表现及病变分类,并与大体及镜下病理表现对照.结果 无论良性、交界性还是恶性,影像表现为:除1例于X线摄影表现为局部致密及2例于超声表现为椭圆形,余肿块均为分叶状;边界清楚;＜5 cm肿块除1例回声不均匀,余回声(或信号)均匀,而＞5 cm者因囊变易回声(或信号)不均匀;血供丰富;未见钙化;未侵犯乳头及皮肤;未见腋窝淋巴结转移.交界性及恶性者MRI动态增强曲线为III型,扩散加权成像表现为高信号,波谱见胆碱峰.BI-RADS病变分类多为4类.结论 应用BI-RADS有利于乳腺叶状肿瘤影像结果的综合比较.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.