运用基因芯片初步研究类风湿关节炎患者外周血单个核细胞基因表达谱特征

目的运用基因芯片技术研究类风湿关节炎(RA)基因表达谱特征,从全基因组角度探讨RA相关致病基因。方法提取5例活动期RA患者和3名健康对照者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中总RNA,Illumina寡核苷酸基因芯片分析每个样本的48 000个基因变化。反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)验证芯片结果。结果RA患者与健康对照者相比2倍上调基因122个,2倍下调基因29个。分子及生物功能分析显示上调表达的基因涉及传递蛋白、蛋白翻译合成、代谢、转录调控、信号转导、趋化因子、细胞周期和凋亡相关基因等种类。结论RA涉及多环节的病理过程,基因芯片技术有利于进一步揭示RA分子机制,发现新的治疗靶标。     

cDNA微阵列对不同时期胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠PBMC基因表达谱的初步研究

目的 研究胶原诱导性关节炎（collagen induced arthritis，CIA）大鼠不同时期外周血单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cells，PBMC）基因表达谱，寻找与疾病炎症相关的特异表达基因，初步探讨类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis，RA）的发病机制。方法 以含有96个基因的功能基因组芯片研究CIA大鼠发病早期、高峰期和后期及正常大鼠的PBMC基因表达谱。结果 cDNA微阵列检测结果显示，CIA早期差异表达基因（〉2或〈0．5）有19个，高峰期25个，后期17个以及三个时期持续表达的上调基因有10个。差异表达基因主要涉及白细胞介素及其受体、趋化因子及其受体、转化生长因子配体及受体等。结论 CIA不同时期基因的差异表达可能与RA病情的持续进展有关，为进一步探讨细胞因子在RA的作用提供理论依据。     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与类风湿关节炎疾病活动及骨侵蚀关系的研究

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、类风湿因子(RF)与疾病活动度、功能状态及骨侵蚀的关系.方法 入选RA患者218例.健康对照41名,ELISA法检测抗CCP抗体,乳胶凝集法检测RF,同时记录RA患者的临床资料.分析抗CCP抗体、RF阳性和阴性患者中疾病活动指数28(DAS28)、健康评估问卷(HAQ)的变化,并探讨其中124例病程>2年的患者抗CCP抗体、RF与骨侵蚀的关系.结果 RA患者中抗CCP抗体阳性率为76%,RF阳性率为71%.DAS28评分在抗CCP抗体、RF阳性患者明显高于阴性患者(P＜0.05);抗CCP抗体浓度与DAS28评分相关(r=0.385,P=0.032);RF滴度与DAS28评分相关(r=0.141,P=0.037);红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及HAQ评分在抗CCP抗体、RF阳性和阴性患者之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).抗CCP抗体阳性患者更易出现骨侵蚀,与阴性患者相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).RF阳性和阴性患者之间骨侵蚀的差异无统计学意义.结论 抗CCP抗体、RF与疾病活动度相关,抗CCP抗体阳性患者更易出现骨侵蚀,但RF与骨侵蚀未表现出相关性.     

类风湿性关节炎患者检测HLA-DR与自身抗体的临床意义

目的探讨类风湿关节炎（RA）患者与HLA-DR基因及自身抗体的相关性及临床意义。方法研究对象为235例RA患者及50例健康体检者,采用PCR-SSP法检测HLA-DR4和HLA-DR53基因分型;ELISA法检测抗CCP、RA33抗体。结果 RA患者HLA-DR4和HLA-DR53等位基因发生的频率数分别为42.98%和56.60%,组间及与对照组比较均有统计学差异（P〈0.01）,与RA的相对危险率分别为3.96和2.77;RA患者抗CCP、RA33抗体分别为72.34%和37.44%,组间及与对照组比较均有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。RA患者在患病率不变的情况下,HLA-DR4特异性、阳性预测值、阳性似然比和阴性似然比均高于HLA-DR53,抗CCP抗体敏感性和特异性等指标高于抗RA33抗体。结论 HLA-DR4基因与RA的发生易感性明显相关,联合检测抗CCP、RA33抗体可提高RA的诊断率。     

血清抗角蛋白抗体抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体和类风湿因子在类风湿关节炎中的意义

目的 评价抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)、抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体和类风湿因子(RF)在类风湿关节炎(RA)中的意义.方法 收集82例RA患者及56例非RA患者,测定其抗CCP抗体、AKA和RF水平,评价对RA诊断的敏感性、特异性,比较RA患者中抗CCP抗体、AKA阳性组和阴性组的压痛关节数、肿胀关节数、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、疾病活动指数(DAS)、Ritchie's指数(RAI).结果 单独检测AKA、抗CCP抗体、RF及联合检测的曲线下面积都较高(P<0.05).抗CCP抗体、AKA的特异度分别为92.9%、91.1%,联合检测AKA、抗CCP抗体和RF有任何一种及以上阳性的灵敏度最高,为95.1%.抗CCP抗体阳性组与阴性组的关节肿胀数、关节压痛数、ESR、CRP、DAS、RAI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AKA阳性组与阴性组的关节肿胀数、ESR、DSA差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 联合检测抗CCP抗体、RF、AKA对诊断RA有意义,抗CCP抗体、AKA可能与RA的活动度相关.     

Smad4基因沉默对胰腺上皮内瘤变细胞基因表达谱影响的初步研究

抑癌基因Smad4失活可使由Kras基因突变启动的胰腺上皮内瘤变（PanIN）细胞发生恶性转化,但其具体机制尚未阐明。目的：探讨Smad4基因沉默的PanIN细胞（PanIN—S细胞）基因表达谱的变化,分析Smad4基因沉默致PanIN细胞增殖和恶性转化的可能分子机制。方法：通过RNA干扰沉默PanIN细胞的内源性Smad4基因表达以构建PanIN—S细胞．小鼠全基因表达谱芯片筛查PanIN细胞与PanIN-S细胞的基因表达谱差异．实时荧光定量RT—PCR验证基因芯片筛选出的细胞周期相关差异表达基因。结果：基因芯片共筛选出237个差异表达基因,其中148个基因在PanIN—S细胞中表达上调,89个表达下调。差异表达基因主要涉及细胞周期、增殖、凋亡、黏附、转录活性等。实时荧光定量RT．PER验证示细胞周期相关基因p27、p19、细胞周期蛋白（cyclin）D1表达在PanIN细胞与PanIN—S细胞间存在显著差异,与基因芯片筛选结果一致。结论：PanIN-S细胞p27、p19和cyclinD1基因表达发生明显改变．可能参与了PanIN—S细胞的增殖和恶性转化。     

骨关节炎关节软骨细胞基因表达谱的芯片研究

目的 利用基因芯片技术,研究骨关节炎关节软骨细胞基因表达谱差异性基因、差异性基因功能及通路,初步探讨骨关节炎预警基因.方法 入选行关节置换术的骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎(RA)和无关节炎的创伤患者各3例,分成骨关节炎组、RA组和创伤组.分别取关节软骨标本,体外培养关节软骨细胞.采用人类全基因组寡核苷酸微阵列芯片技术,通过微阵列差异性基因分析软件两因素不配对检验分析比较骨关节炎组分别与创伤组、RA组关节软骨细胞基因表达谱的差异在生物分子功能注释系统中分析差异性基因功能、通路.结果 骨关节炎组与创伤组比较差异基因为145个(其中70个上调,75个下调),骨关节炎组与RA组比较差异基因为281个(其中94个上调,187个下调);骨关节炎组分别与创伤组、RA组比较得到的差异性表达基因功能分属于细胞过程、生理过程、细胞成分、生物调节、信号转导等;有统计学意义的差异性基因通路主要有:凋亡通路、细胞周期通路、P53蛋白信号通路、Fas 信号通路、一氧化氮通路、凋亡级联通路、局部黏附通路、细胞外基质受体相互作用通路、紧密连接通路、黏着接合通路、肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节通路、骨重塑通路、硫酸软骨素生物合成通路、Jak-STAT信号通路、Wnt信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路、细胞间黏附信号通路、T细胞受体信号通路等(P＜0.05);骨关节炎.创伤组和骨关节炎-RA组之间差异性基因功能及通路存在差异,同时也存在交叉.结论 从差异性基因表达种数、生物学功能、通路分析三方面获得骨关节炎生物学信息,使得从基因表达人手寻找骨关节炎的早期预警指标成为可能.     

抗环瓜氨酸多肽抗体阴性类风湿关节炎的临床特点分析

目的:分析抗CCP抗体阴性RA患者的临床特点。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年12月于北京大学第三医院风湿免疫科病房住院的RA患者的病历资料,收集患者的一般情况,关节表现,关节外表现以及实验室检查结果,使用 U检验和 χ2检验比较抗CCP抗体阴性与抗CCP抗体阳性RA患者临床特点的差异...     

类风湿关节炎患者抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与人类白细胞抗原-DR4等位基因相关性研究

目的 研究类风湿关节炎(RA)及未分类关节炎(痛)(UA)患者抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体与人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-DR4等位基因相关性.方法 对91例RA患者,46例UA患者,35名健康志愿者,均为浙江汉族人,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清抗CCP抗体,序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP)检测HLA-DR4等位基因.结果 RA组、UA组HLA-DR4阳性率分别为47.2%、45.6%,均以DRB1*0405为主,分别为25.3%、23.9%.RA组、UA组患者的抗CCP抗体与HLA-DR4具有相关性(r=613,0.703,P＜0.01).与HLA-DRB1*0405具有弱相关性(r=0.304,P＜0.01;r=0.333,P＜0.05). 2组HLA-DR4阳性患者抗CCP抗体水平明显高于HLA-DR4阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).抗CCP抗体、HLA-DR4均阳性患者红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血小板水平明显升高,晨僵时间延长,关节肿胀度积分升高,与二者阴性患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).对UA组患者3个月后随访,抗CCP抗体、HLA-DR4在早期RA的阳性率为94.7%(18/19).结论 抗CCP抗体与HLADR4、DRB1*0405相关;抗CCP抗体、HLA-DR4均阳性反映了RA病情活动性;联合检测抗CCP抗体、HLA-DR4或DRB1*0405有助于RA早期诊断;抗CCP抗体可能在HLA-DR4等遗传因素参与下介导了RA发病.     

cDNA微阵列分析BALB/c小鼠肝脑组织中差异性表达基因的研究

目的分析BALB/c小鼠肝、脑组织差异基因表达谱。方法TRIZOL法提取总RNA,反转录cDNA,采用36K小鼠全基因组寡核苷酸芯片,运用荧光双交换方法分析BALB/c小鼠肝脑组织中mRNA转录本含量。经芯片扫描、图像采集后,运用MAS2.0软件对差异基因进行基因功能分析(GO)和KEGG通路分类。结果基因芯片结果表明与脑组织相比,在肝组织中共发现差异表达基因6 132个,其中包括上调基因2 974个,下调基因3 158个,GO分析上述差异表达基因主要涉及代谢、细胞信号转导、DNA结合与转录、细胞周期、细胞骨架、细胞粘附和发育等。KEGG信号通路分析显示:上调差异基因中71个通路的改变差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),下调差异基因中有80个通路的改变差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小鼠肝与脑组织基因表达谱的差异涉及多个基因表达调控途径,研究这些基因分子功能有助于深入了解各组织独特的功能表达系统。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.