亚砷酸对狼疮鼠自身抗体和白细胞介素-1012表达的影响

目的 探讨亚砷酸(ATO)对狼疮鼠自身抗体和白细胞介素(IL)-10、IL-12表达的影响.方法 MRL/lpr狼疮鼠随机分为ATO组、环磷酰胺(CTX)组和生理盐水(NS)组,给药2个月.用四色流式细胞术测脾脏CD3~+(T)细胞和CD3~+CD4~+(Th)细胞的百分率以及CD3~+CD4~+(Th)细胞内IL-10和IL-12的水平;用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测血清中抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体、IL-10和IL-12的浓度.分别采用单因素方差分析、LSD检验,配对t检验进行统计学处理.结果 ①给药后ATO组小鼠血清的抗dsDNA抗体水平吸光度值(A)0.92±0.06,较给药前1.14±0.58明显下降(P<0.01);②ATO组CD3~+细胞和CD3~+CD4~+百分率[分别为(44±4)%和(20±4)%]均显著均低于NS组水平[分别为(59±5)%和(30±3)%](P<0.01);③ATO组的血清IL-12浓度(84±12)pg/ml较NS组水平(103±13)pg/ml显著降低(P=0.018);④ATO组Th细胞内IL-10和IL-12的表达水平(1.5±0.4)%和(2.43±0.42)%显著低于NS组(2.5±0.5)%和(3.24±0.40)%(P<0.01).结论 亚砷酸能显著降低MRL/lpr狼疮鼠血清抗dsDNA抗体的水平,抑制T细胞和Th细胞增生和活化功能,降低IL-12的血清水平和Th细胞的诱生水平,及能降低IL-10的Th细胞的诱生水平.     

青蒿琥酯治疗MRL/lpr狼疮鼠的疗效及机制研究

目的 探讨青蒿琥酯对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠的疗效及作用机制.方法 MRL/lpr鼠随机分为青蒿琥酯治疗组、环磷酰胺(CTX)治疗组和对照组.16周龄时青蒿琥酯组给予青蒿琥酯125 mg ·kg-1·d-1治疗16周,CTX组给予CTX 100 mg/kg ×2 d腹腔注射.考马斯亮蓝法检测尿蛋白定量(24 h),间接免疫荧光法检测血清抗核抗体(ANA)、抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体滴度,过碘酸雪夫(PAS)染色观察病理改变,免疫荧光检测补体C3沉积,反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测小鼠脾脏B细胞刺激因子(BAFF)mRNA的表达水平.结果 ①24、28、32周尿蛋白定量(24 h)青蒿琥酯组[(4.9±1.2),(5.2±1.0),(6.4±1.2)mg]显著低于对照组[(9.0±1.3),(9.3±0.6),(10.0±1.6)mg](均P＜0.01),28、32周尿蛋白定量(24h)青蒿琥酯组显著低于CTX组[(5.2±1.0)US(7.7±1.0),(6.4±1.2)vs(9.6±1.9)mg](P均＜<0.05).②32周龄时青蒿琥酯组体质量[(36.3±5.5)g]高于对照组[(32.8±30)g](P＜O.05),血清肌酐青蒿琥酯组[(15.9±2.4)μmol/L]显著低于对照组[(20.8±5.1)μmol/L](P＜0.05).③青蒿琥酯组和CTX组肾脏病理损伤较对照组减轻,肾脏内补体c3沉积较对照组减少.④青蒿琥酯组脾脏BAFF mRNA表达(0.81±0.05)和CTX组脾脏BAFF mRNA表达(0.74±0.13)均低于对照组(0.98±0.07)(P＜O.05).结论 青蒿琥酯治疗MRL/lpr狼疮鼠有效,可以改善肾脏病理损伤,降低尿蛋白,延长狼疮鼠生存期.抑制BAFF的产生可能是青蒿琥酯治疗MRL/lpr有效的的机制之一.     

三氧化二砷对MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠肾脏病理和组织转化生长因子-β1核因子-κBp65异常表达的影响

目的 研究MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠肾脏病理转化生长因了(TGF)-β1、核因子(NF)-κBp65的异常表达及三氧化二砷(ATO)的干预作用.方法 将MRL/lpr狼疮鼠45只随机分为ATO组、环磷酰胺(CTX)组和对照组.观察各组MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠治疗前后尿蛋内(半定量)的变化;给药2个月后处死,经苏木素-伊红(HE)染色、PAS染色后观察肾组织病变程度;用免疫荧光方法检测肾组织IgG、C3的表达;用免疫组织化学方法检测肾组织TGF-β1、NF-κBp65的表达.结果 ①尿蛋白分析:给药后ATO组较对照组有明显减少(P=0.004)、CTX组较对照组也有减少(P=0.005).②免疫荧光检测IgG、C3的表达:在对照组可见IgG沿肾小球系膜区,毛细血管袢弥漫沉积(+～+++),而ATO组、CTX组则明显减少(-～+),经统计发现ATO组、CTX组较对照组明显减少(P＜0.05);C3的表达差异无统计学意义.③肾小球细胞数及肾组织活动积分在ATO组及CTX组中均较对照组明显减少(P＜0.05).④免疫组织化学:TGF-β1、NF-κBp65在对照组肾小管上皮细胞可见明显表达,经ATO及CTX组表达明显减少,肾小球表达各组均不明显.结论 TGF-B1、NF-κBp65主要表达在MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠肾小管上皮细胞,ATO通过下调TGF-β1、NF-Kκp65的表达改善小管病变达到改善狼疮肾炎的进展.     

DNA甲基化转移酶在MRL/lpr狼疮鼠CD4+T淋巴细胞中的表达水平研究及功能分析

目的 研究DNA甲基化转移酶DNMT1、DNMT3A、DNMT3B在发病MRL/lor狼疮鼠脾脏CD4+T淋巴细胞的表达情况,并对其与免疫相关的甲基化敏感基因ITGAL、CD70的表达水平进行相关性分析.方法 CD4单抗标记的免疫磁珠分选小鼠脾脏CD4+T淋巴细胞,实时定量聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)测定DNMTI、DNMT3A、DNMT3B和免疫相关的甲基化敏感基因ITGAL、CD70的相对表达量.结果 ①DNA甲基化转移酶DNMTI、DNMT3A、DNMT3B在发病MRL/lpr狼疮鼠CD4+T淋巴细胞中与健康对照BALB/c小鼠相比,表达水平均有降低趋势,其中DNMT3B差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CD70在发病MRL/lpr狼疮鼠表达水平升高(P<0.01),ITGAL表达水平呈升高趋势,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).②相关性分析显示:DNMT3B与CD70分子表达水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.769,P<0.01).结论 DNMT3B在发病MRL/lpr狼疮鼠CD4+T淋巴细胞中表达水平降低,可能通过影响免疫相关的甲基化敏感基因CD70的表达,造成CD4+T淋巴细胞功能异常,参与系统性红斑狼疮的发病.     

硫酸羟氯喹治疗MRL/lpr狼疮鼠的疗效研究

目的 探讨硫酸羟氯喹(HCQ)对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠的疗效及作用机制.方法 MRL/lpr鼠随机分为HCQ治疗组、青蒿琥酯(ART)治疗组和对照组.18周龄时HCQ组给予HCQ 150 mg·kg-1·d-1,ART组给予ART 50 mg·kg-1·d-1治疗14周.考马斯亮蓝法检测尿蛋白定量(24 h),酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体水平,观察肾脏病理改变,流式细胞术检测脾脏和淋巴结中CD4+Foxp3+T细胞百分率.结果 ①尿蛋白定量(24 h)28周时HCQ组[(2.5±2.0)mg]和ART组[(2.4±2.0)mg]低于对照组[(4.8±3.2)mg](P<0.05),30周时HCQ组[(2.8±1.1)mgj和ART组[(2.4±1.9)mg]显著低于对照组[(6.4±1.9)mg](P<0.01).②32周龄时HCQ组体质量[(41.4±1.6)g]显著高于对照组[(37.1±1.0)g](P<0.01),血清肌酐[(7.8±4.0)μmol/L]低于对照组[(12.5±2.3)μmol/L](P<0.05),血清抗dsDNA抗体水平[(3047±1025)U/ml]显著低于对照组[(6093±2935)U/ml](P<0.05).③HCQ组和ART组肾脏病理损伤较对照组减轻.④HCQ组[(2.3±0.7)%]和ART组[(2.2±0.5)%]脾脏中CD4+ Foxp3+T细胞百分率均显著高于对照组[(1.5±0.5)%](P<0.05),HCQ组[(0.68±0.33)%]和ART组[(0.97±0.28)%]淋巴结中CD4+Foxp3+T细胞百分率均显著低于对照组[(2.15±0.72)%](P<0.01 o结论 HCQ治疗MRL/lpr狼疮有效,可以改善肾脏病理损伤,降低尿蛋白.HCQ和ART均能上调脾脏中的CD4+Foxp3+T细胞百分率.     

脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗MRL/lpr狼疮鼠的疗效

目的 探讨脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSCs)对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠的治疗作用.方法 24只18周龄雌性MRL/lpr小鼠,分为3组:UC-MSCs 1次治疗组(G1)、UC-MSCs 3次治疗组(G2)、对照组(G3).观察体质量,考马斯亮蓝法榆测尿蛋白定量(24 h),酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体水平,观察肾脏、肺病理改变.结果 ①尿蛋白定量(24 h)25周时G1组(2.3±1.9)mg和G2组(1.8±1.4)mg显著低于对照组(3.8±2.1)mg(P<0.05),27周时G1组(2.5±1.5)mg和G2组(1.9±1.2)mg也显著低于对照组(5.4±2.4)mg(P<0.01).②24周时治疗组体质量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),29周时血清肌酐G1组(7.2±3.2)μmol/L和G2组(6.2±2.8)μmol/L显著低于对照组(12.5±2.3)μmol/L(P<0.05).③移植1周时,抗dsDNA抗体滴度G1组(46±11)×102 U/ml和G2组(49±43)×102 U/ml显著低于对照组(99±42)×102 U/ml(P<0.05);29周时G2组(36±15)×102 U/ml显著低于对照组(68±32)×102 U/ml.④肾小球新月体形成率G1组(0.12±0.07)和G2组(0.08±0.02)显著低于对照组(0.20±0.06)(P<0.05),G2组较G1组显著减低(P<0.05).⑤间质性肺炎G1组和G2组较对照组减轻.结论 UC-MSCs对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠有显著疗效,安全且无排斥反应.     

MRL/lpr小鼠胸腺异位基因的表达

目的 探讨MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠胸腺多种异位基因表达水平的变化,及其与自身耐受和器官损害的关系.方法 尿蛋白试纸条检测小鼠尿蛋白,间接免疫荧光法检测抗核抗体.RT-PCR检测模型组(MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠)和对照组(BAB/C小鼠)mTECs 4种异位基因(唾液蛋白2、甲状腺球蛋白、组织蛋白酶L和C-反应蛋白)mRNA水平,病理学检测唾液腺的组织学变化.结果 模型组小鼠4种异位基因表达水平均较对照组小鼠降低,差异有统计学意义.模型组出现唾液腺炎的病理损害.结论 MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠异位基因表达降低导致中枢耐受异常是MRL/lpr小鼠发病的原因之一,可能与某些器官损害的发生有关.     

狼疮小鼠模型中ZBTB20、Blimp1的表达变化及其意义

目的探究狼疮小鼠模型ZBTB20、Blimp1的表达变化及其意义。方法酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测10只MRL/lpr、10只NZB/WF1狼疮小鼠模型和10只正常对照小鼠模型血清的抗双链-DNA抗体和免疫球蛋白(Ig)G对脾脏、胸腺和淋巴结进行免疫组化和荧光定量PCR检测,测定不同器官中ZBTB20和Blimp1的表达情况。结果试验组小鼠血清中抗双链-DNA抗体和Ig G的表达量显著高于对照组(P0.01),试验组小鼠脾脏中ZBTB20、Blimp1mRNA相对表达量及脾脏中ZBTB20的免疫组化阳性表达率显著高于对照组(P0.05),NZB/WF1小鼠脾脏中ZBTB20阳性表达率及ZBTB20 mRNA相对表达量均明显高MRL/lpr模型小鼠(P0.05)。结论狼疮小鼠脾脏中Blimp1与ZBTB20高表达,可能与系统性红斑狼疮的发生、发展有关。     

脐带间质干细胞移植对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠间质性肺炎的影响

目的 探讨脐带间质干细胞(UC-MSCs)对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠间质性肺炎的治疗作用.方法 体外分离培养UC-MSCs,将24只18周龄雌性MRL/lpr小鼠采用随机数字表法分为1次治疗组、3次治疗组和对照组,1次治疗组和3次治疗组于第18周给予1×106第3代UC-MSCs尾静脉注射,3次治疗组在第19、20周时再分别重复1次;对照组给予0.5 ml生理盐水尾静脉注射.在第29周时处死小鼠,用HE染色观察各组小鼠的肺病理变化.结果 UC-MSCs移植能显著减轻MRL/lpr狼疮鼠的间质性肺炎.1次治疗组和3次治疗组的肺气管损害指数分别为1.40±0.24和1.02±0.29,明显低于对照组的1.95±0.35,差异有统计学意义(q值分别为0.551和0.937,均P<0.01);1次治疗组和3次治疗组的血管损害指数分别为1.20±0.18和1.08±0.16,明显低于对照组的1.56±0.32,差异有统计学意义(q值分别为0.360和0.479,P<0.05和P<0.01);1次治疗组和3次治疗组的肺间质中炎症细胞浸润程度分别为1.30±0.21和1.05±0.15,明显低于对照组的1.72±0.34,差异有统计学意义(q值分别为0.417和0.673,P<0.05和P<0.01).结论 UC-MSCs移植对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠的间质性肺炎具有治疗作用.     

长春新碱和环磷酰胺周期序贯联合对慢性移植物抗宿主病狼疮样小鼠肾脏病变的疗效研究

目的 通过周期序贯联合免疫抑制剂(长春新碱、环磷酰胺)治疗慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)狼疮样小鼠肾脏病变的实验研究,以阐明序贯联合用药对小鼠肾脏病变的治疗效果显著,且不良反应较小.方法 选取cGVHD狼疮样小鼠模型30只,随机分为健康对照组、长春新碱间歇给药组、环磷酰胺隔日给药组、环磷酰胺间歇给药组、长春新碱+环磷酰胺联合间隔给药组.经18周治疗后观察并检测.采用单因素方差分析和重复测量的方差分析进行统计学处理.结果 ①诱导造模后6周尿蛋白定量(24 h)达(5.02±0.88) mg,抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体阳性,肾脏病理呈狼疮肾炎Ⅳ型表现,模型成功.②环磷酰胺隔日组[(0.48±0.32)mg ]、长春新碱+环磷酰胺联合组[(0.37±0.30)mg]对造模小鼠尿蛋白定量(24h)的改变最大,环磷酰胺间歇给药组、环磷酰胺隔日给药组与长春新碱+环磷酰胺联合给药组对造模小鼠尿单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1值、尿转化生长因子(TGF)-β1值的降低幅度较大;而不同给药方案对血清MCP-1、TGF-β1的改变差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).环磷酰胺隔日给药组、长春新碱+环磷酰胺联合给药组造模小鼠肾脏MCP-1、TGF-β1表达在肾小球、肾小管中的阳性数最低,与对照组、长春新碱间歇给药组及环磷酰胺间歇给药组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).③长春新碱和环磷酰胺周期联合对造模小鼠血丙氨酸转氨酶、血肌酐、血抗dsDNA抗体、尿蛋白定量(24 h)、尿MCP-1、尿TGF-β1有交互作用(P＜0.05).结论 ①序贯周期联合长春新碱和环磷酰胺联合治疗有交互作用,在降低尿蛋白定量(24 h)、血清肌酐,减少肾脏MCP-1、TGF-β1的表达和排泌等方面有明显作用,与环磷酰胺隔日用药组相当,优于长春新碱间歇给药组、环磷酰胺间歇给药组.②长春新碱+环磷酰胺联合间歇给药与单用药比较不良反应并没有增加.环磷酰胺隔日给药组的不良反应明显大于其他各组,表现为体质量不增、肝酶增高.     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

荣宝和氯硝柳胺灭螺效果比较及成本分析

目的 评价新型灭螺药物荣宝杀灭钉螺的效果,探讨其推广应用价值.方法 按目前推荐的荣宝灭螺剂量,喷洒法为30 g/m2,浸杀法为50 g/m3;氯硝柳胺喷洒法和浸杀法分别采用2 g/m2和2 g/m3杀螺剂量,分别在室内和现场进行灭螺试验,观察两种药物的灭螺效果并初步分析评估其成本.结果 在现场气温22～30℃条件下,荣宝50 g/m3浸杀3、5、7 d后,螺袋内钉螺校正死亡率均达到100.0%,与氯硝柳胺2 g/m3灭螺效果相似;荣宝30 g/m2剂量喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为54.5%、58.0%、69.0%、79.1%,氯硝柳胺喷洒组钉螺校正死亡率分别为61.0%、69.4%、76.7%、77.9%.在室温18℃条件下,荣宝以30 g/m2喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为72.9%、87.2%、91.5%、76.1%;而相应2 g/m2氯硝柳胺喷洒后的钉螺校正死亡率分别为81.3%、95.7%、97.9%、80.4%.同样完成1000 m2的喷洒灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.114元/m2;完成72 m3的浸杀灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.127元/m3.50 g/m3荣宝浸杀灭螺剂量,对成鱼(＞250 g)的活力不会造成影响,但对鱼类幼苗仍具较强毒性.结论 荣宝与氯硝柳胺灭螺效果相似,由于其成本较高,氯硝柳胺仍然是目前首选灭螺药物,但荣宝的鱼类毒性低,可作为氯硝柳胺之外有益的补充灭螺药物.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).