锥形束CT在上颌埋伏中切牙正畸治疗中的应用

目的:评价锥形束CT(CBCT)在上颌埋伏中切牙正畸治疗中的应用价值。方法:选择在我院就诊的上颌埋伏中切牙患者54例(男32例,女22例),应用CBCT进行扫描和图像三维重建,显示埋伏中切牙的形态、位置、牙根弯曲情况以及与邻牙的关系。结果:经CBCT三维重建后,54例病例均清晰的显示了埋伏中切牙的牙体形态、唇腭向位置、萌出方向、牙根弯曲情况以及与邻牙的关系。结论:CBCT检查能提供准确,直观的信息,对上颌埋伏阻生的诊断,治疗设计具有更好的指导意义。     

正畸与颌骨手术联合治疗儿童翻转180°舌侧窝在唇侧埋伏切牙

探讨口腔外科与正畸联合治疗儿童翻转180°舌侧窝在唇侧埋伏中切牙。对6例上颌前牙埋伏阻生病例,应用固定正畸技术结合牙槽外科手术行矫治,可快速有效地矫治上颌埋伏阻生前牙。现总结报告如下:1临床资料通过手术开窗与方丝弓固定正畸相结合,牵引导萌翻转180°舌侧窝在唇侧埋伏切牙6例,使其达到正常位置,临床表现为上前牙缺如,邻近乳牙滞留,邻牙向缺隙倾斜移位导致萌出间隙严重不足,上颌前部发育不足,部分病例表现为前牙对刃或反颌。首先拍摄清晰的曲面断层X线片上颌咬颌片,以明确埋伏中切牙牙冠、牙根的形态、位置及其与邻牙的关系,为手术…     

螺旋CT三维重建方法在埋伏阻生上颌中切牙正畸治疗中的应用研究

目的：研究三维重建方法在正畸矫正上颌埋伏阻生中切牙中的应用。方法：选择在我院就诊的上颌中切牙埋伏阻生患者18例（男8例,女10例）,年龄7～12岁,平均10．5岁。对每个病例进行螺旋cT扫描,将扫描所得DICOM格式数据采用MimiCS软件进行三维重建,根据重建结果设计矫正计划,进行正畸治疗。结果：根据三维重建获得信息,有2例患者进行恒牙拔除,4例患者扩大间隙后等待中切牙自行萌出,12例患者进行开窗手术后固定正畸牵引导萌。所有患者均获得良好的矫治效果。结论：三维重建技术对临床治疗能提供准确、直观的信息,对于上颌中切牙埋伏阻生的诊断、设计、治疗过程中具有很好的指导意义。     

上颌尖牙埋伏阻生的正畸治疗

目的:探讨上颌尖牙埋伏阻生的正畸治疗方法。方法:选取上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者40例,共52颗埋伏阻生上颌尖牙,对其正畸治疗方法进行分析总结。结果:52颗埋伏阻生上颌尖牙中,5颗为开辟足够间隙后自行萌出,12颗为软组织切开助萌,32颗为外科-正畸牵引治疗,3颗由于尖牙形态异常而拔除。结论:对于上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者,应该根据尖牙的形态、位置、生长方向、与邻牙的关系、有无病理性变化等,结合患者的年龄、面型、牙弓突度、拥挤度、中线等情况,以及患者的全身性因素,在临床和影像学检查的指导下,制定不同的矫治计划,以达到良好的咬合关系和美观效果。     

自制导萌装置联合闭合式开窗术在替牙期埋伏阻生前牙牵引中的应用

目的：评价自制导萌装置牵引上颌埋伏阻生牙的临床疗效,并探讨其机制和使用方法。方法：临床选择8～11岁上颌埋伏阻生牙患者13例,应用自制导萌装置联合闭合式开窗术进行埋伏阻生牙的牵引导萌治疗,并在治疗前后拍摄X线片辅助评价疗效。结果：通过应用自制导萌装置,13例患者的上颌埋伏阻生牙均顺利萌出至理想位置,疗效满意,疗程8～15月,平均12个月。结论：应用自制导萌装置牵引上颌埋伏阻生中切牙可取得令人满意的临床效果。     

上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙发生及牙根吸收的影响因素分析

评估上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙发生及牙根吸收的影响因素。方法 收集2019年3月-2021年3月于溧阳市人民医院就诊的1021例上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者临床资料进行回 顾性调查，查阅锥形束CT及X线图像。其中113例发现埋伏牙，按照是否出现牙根吸收分为牙根吸收组 （51例）和牙根未吸收组（62例）。调取资料，包括性别、初诊年龄、平均体质量指数、埋伏牙位置、 近远中分区、是否拔牙、正畸治疗时间、埋伏牙发生个数等。统计上述指标情况，分析正畸矫治后埋伏 牙牙根吸收的单因素和多因素。结果 1021例患者中埋伏牙113例（11.07%）；牙根吸收组平均年龄、2~4 区占比均低于牙根未吸收组（P ＜0.05）；牙根吸收组拔牙率、正畸治疗时间＞2年占比均高于牙根未吸 收组（P ＜0.05）；两组性别、平均体质量指数、埋伏牙位置、病变位置、埋伏牙发生个数比较，差异无 统计学意义（P ＞0.05）；Logistic结果显示，高龄、近远中分区（0~1区）、拔牙、正畸治疗时间＞2年均为 正畸矫治后埋伏牙牙根吸收的高危因素（P ＜0.05）。结论 上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙正畸矫治后埋伏牙牙 根吸收与年龄、近远中分区、拔牙、正畸治疗时间有关，对于高危因素患者，临床应给予重视，采用早期 干预措施，减少损伤。     

不同正畸牵引方式在埋伏倒置阻生上颌中切牙患者中的应用效果比较

观察对埋伏倒置阻生上颌中切牙患者采用不同正畸牵引方式的矫治效果。方法 选取我 院2020年1月-2022年8月收治的68例埋伏倒置阻生上颌中切牙患者为研究对象，随机分为对照组和观察 组，每组34例。对照组采用前方牵引器牵引治疗，观察组采用颌间牵引治疗，比较两组临床疗效、牵引 时间及埋伏牙牙根长度。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为97.06%，高于对照组的79.41%，差异有统计学意义 （P＜0.05）；观察组牵引时间为（7.28±2.14）个月，短于对照组的（12.32±3.26）个月，差异有统计学意 义（P ＜0.05）；观察组治疗后埋伏牙牙根长度优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论 颌间牵 引在埋伏倒置阻生上颌中切牙患者中的应用效果优于前方牵引器牵引，可提高正畸治疗效果，缩短牵引时 间，还有助于提升患者埋伏牙牙根长度。     

外科联合正畸固定矫治器与传统手术临床效果比较

目的探究对比上颌埋伏阻生尖牙采用外科联合正畸固定矫治器与传统外科手术治疗的临床疗效。方法选择2017年1月至2019年12月于本院接受治疗的上颌埋伏阻生尖牙患者80例,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组,观察组40例采用外科联合正畸固定矫治器治疗,对照组40例采用传统开窗手术治疗,治疗后对比两组埋伏牙萌出率、并发症发生率、埋伏牙萌出时间以及患者治疗满意度情况。结果治疗后观察组中仅有1例出现牙龈炎症,并发症发生率为2.50%显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组埋伏牙萌出率高达100.00%显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组上颌埋伏阻生尖牙萌出时间为(6.01±0.61)个月显著低于对照组(6.92±0.69)个月(P0.05);观察组治疗满意度为97.50%显著高于对照组77.50%(P0.05)。结论上颌埋伏阻生尖牙患者采用外科联合正畸固定矫治器治疗,可有效提高埋伏牙萌出率,缩短其萌出时间,且并发症发生率较低,治疗满意度较高,效果值得肯定,值得临床上推广采用。     

替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙开窗联合正畸牵引术对牙根发育的影响

目的探讨替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙开窗联合正畸牵引术对牙根发育的影响。方法选取2015-08-2018-08间郑州大学第一附属医院收治的15例单侧替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙作为治疗牙,均行开窗联合正畸牵引术。以同颌对侧15颗正常同名牙作为对照牙,观察治疗效果。结果本组牵引时间8~14个月,平均11个月。牵引治疗结束时,15例含牙囊肿内新骨生成,颌骨囊腔消失,囊内埋伏牙均牵引到位。治疗牙和对照牙的牙根长度变化量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。牵引结束后1 a,治疗牙牙周牙髓状况良好,囊肿无复发。牙根长度虽然与对照牙仍存在统计学差异(P<0.05),但较牵引前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙患儿行开窗联合正畸牵引治疗,有利于牙根继续发育。     

固定正畸技术在上颌前牙埋伏阻生治疗中的应用

目的：探讨固定正畸技术在上颌前牙埋伏阻生治疗中的作用。方法：选择2009年于我院治疗的36例上颌前牙埋伏阻生患者,应用固定正畸技术对36例（41颗）埋伏阻生前牙采用助萌法或导萌法矫治,助萌组15颗,导萌组26颗。结果：41颗上颌埋伏阻生前牙均顺利萌出至正常位置,15颗埋伏前牙经助萌治疗,3～5个月后自然萌出;26颗行导萌术治疗,5～10个月后萌出排齐。导萌组有2颗出现矫治后牙周附着不足。结论：应用固定正畸技术,结合手术开窗,可以有效地治疗上颌前牙埋伏阻生。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.