乌鲁木齐地区喘息患儿发生支气管哮喘的危险因素

目的 探讨乌鲁木齐地区喘息患儿发生支气管哮喘(哮喘)的危险因素.方法 对2008年1 -12月在新疆医科大学第五附属医院门诊及住院的300例喘息患儿的临床资料进行统计.用统一的调查表调查其年龄、性别、湿疹、变应性鼻炎、食物过敏、家族过敏史/哮喘史、运动相关性喘息等.出院后通过门诊或电话进行随访.采用 Logistic回归分析方法对各因素与哮喘发生的关系及相关程度进行分析.结果 随访2a,275例获得随访;25例失访.275例喘息患儿在随访期内86例(31.2％)发生哮喘.Logistic回归分析发现湿疹、变应性鼻炎、家族过敏史/哮喘史、运动相关性喘息、反复下呼吸道感染( LRTI)、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)增高与喘息患儿发生哮喘有关(湿疹:OR=2.376,95％ CI0.098～0.935,P=0.039;变应性鼻炎:OR=1.052,95％ CI2.267 ～14.283,P =0.024;家族过敏史/哮喘史:OR=1.886,95％CI1.004～3.542,P =0.048;运动相关性喘息:OR=1.881,95％ CI2.267 ～18.983,P =0.001;LRTI:OR=5.341,95％ CI1.676～ 10.983,P =0.016;外周血EOS增高:OR=3.915,95％ CI1.459～ 10.501,P=0.002).结论 个人过敏史(湿疹和变应性鼻炎)、家族过敏史/哮喘史、运动相关性喘息、LRTI、外周血EOS增高是乌鲁木齐地区喘息患儿发生哮喘的危险因素.     

毛细支气管炎后支气管哮喘发生的相关因素

目的 探讨毛细支气管炎后发生哮喘的相关因素.方法对2002年1月-2003年5月住院的115例毛细支气管炎患儿进行临床资料统计,包括年龄、性别、出生体质量、发病季节、肥胖情况、病情轻重、病原学及过敏原检测、湿疹史、哮喘家族史、母孕期吸烟、喂养方式等;出院后门诊或电话随访5 a,包括呼吸道感染及喘息发作情况,并记录居住环境污染(煤/矿)、养宠物等资料;根据5 a内是否发生哮喘,采用Logistic统计学方法对各可能因素与哮喘发生之间的关系及相关程度进行回归分析.结果毛细支气管炎患儿115例5 a内有39例发生哮喘(占33.9%).哮喘组与非哮喘组单因素比较,在哮喘家族史、1岁内反复下呼吸道感染(LRTI)和患毛细支气管炎时的年龄、病情轻重、肥胖构成方面均有显著差异(P=0,0,0.004,0.004,0.020).毛细支气管炎患病季节、病情轻重、哮喘家族史、婴幼儿湿疹、1岁内反复LRTI等因素共同影响着哮喘的发生(OR=0.49,3.82,6.12,3.76,3.14P=0.000 7,0.026 0,0,0.030 9,0.000 5).性别、出生体质量、先天性心脏病、居住环境污染、动物接触、喂养方式、母孕期吸烟及患毛细支气管炎时的年龄、感染病原、血IgE、肥胖等因素与毛细支气管炎后发生哮喘均无相关性.结论重型毛细支气管炎、哮喘家族史、婴幼儿湿疹、1岁内反复LRTI是毛细支气管炎后发生哮喘的危险因素,而毛细支气管炎冬季患病是其保护因素.     

血清IgE在毛细支气管炎与哮喘中的检测

目的 研究小儿毛细支气管炎与小儿支气管哮喘的关系,为临床诊治提供理论依据.方法 采外周血,用酶联免疫方法测定37例毛细支气管炎患儿、42例支气管哮喘患儿、30例健康儿童的血清总IgE.结果 血清IgE支气管哮喘组较毛细支气管炎组显著升高(P<0.01),毛细支气管炎组较正常组略升高(P>0.05).结论 毛细支气管炎后哮喘的高发性可能是因为毛细支气管炎的过程改变了患儿气道的局部环境或体质,使其具有好发哮喘的倾向性.     

毛细支气管炎后反复喘息的危险因素

毛细支气管炎是2岁以下婴幼儿喘息发作的主要原因,大多数是由病毒感染引起的。大多数毛细支气管炎患儿经过临床治疗可以康复,但也有部分患儿可能出现反复喘息,甚至发展为支气管哮喘。毛细支气管炎导致反复喘息发作的危险因素多、机制复杂。其危险因素主要包括:易感基因、初次喘息时感染的病毒种类、特应性体质、暴露于学龄兄弟姊妹、烟草暴露、哮喘家族史、特异性免疫球蛋白E(IgE)增高、高血液嗜酸性粒细胞计数等。该文对毛细支气管炎后反复喘息的危险因素进行综述。     

广西壮族儿童支气管哮喘与铅暴露的关系

目的 探讨儿童铅暴露与支气管哮喘(哮喘)的关系.方法 选择2011年2月-2012年2月在百色市妇幼保健院和右江民族医学院附属医院儿童哮喘门诊就诊的哮喘儿童126例.男66例,女60例;年龄2～8(6.0±2.1)岁.根据病情,将哮喘儿童分为轻度发作(69例)、中度发作(33例)和重度发作(24例).健康对照组选择同期在百色市妇幼保健院和右江民族医学院附属医院儿科体检的健康儿童118例.男60例,女58例;年龄2～9(6.0±2.8)岁.无哮喘及其他呼吸系统疾病,其本人和家族成员无变应性疾病及变态反应性疾病史.采用原子吸收光谱法检测哮喘儿童血铅水平,ELISA法检测其血清总IgE,静脉血常规分类法计数外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS),并与健康对照组比较.结果 哮喘儿童组血铅、总IgE及EOS计数均明显高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.001),不同哮喘发作程度患儿血铅、总IgE水平及EOS计数差异均有统计学意义(Pa=0.001),重度发作组血铅、总IgE水平及EOS计数高于中度发作组,中度发作组高于轻度发作组,差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.001).哮喘儿童血铅与血清总IgE、EOS计数均呈显著正相关(r=0.879、0.823,Pa＜0.01).结论 铅暴露导致与哮喘有关的免疫损伤是引起儿童哮喘高IgE水平并诱发哮喘的重要因素,并可能增加儿童哮喘的发病风险.     

婴儿急性毛细支气管炎随访分析

目的：观察毛细支气管炎的转归及其与婴幼儿哮喘的关系。方法：对56例急性毛细支气管炎患儿进行鼻咽部分泌物病毒检测,观察结核菌素试验PPD反应,用ELISA法测定血清IgE、单个核细胞培养上清IL-4、IFN-γ水平。结果：毛细支气管炎发作2年后25%发展为婴幼儿哮喘;哮喘组皮肤PPD阳性率明显低于单纯毛细支气管炎组(χ2=4.123, P<0.05);哮喘组IgE,IL-4高于单纯毛细支气管炎组(t=2.791,2.284,均P<0.01),而IFN-γ比单纯毛细支气管炎组低,差异具有显著性(t=2.27,P<0.05)。结论：婴幼儿哮喘存在TH1/TH2亚群失衡现象;建议PPD试验阴性者复种卡介苗诱导TH1细胞活化以改善预后。     

4岁以下哮喘患儿特应性状态及其与临床特征关系

目的：分析4岁以下哮喘患儿特应性分布状态及其与临床特征关系。方法：采集62例经临床诊断的4岁以下哮喘患儿病史资料,包括年龄、性别、初次喘息年龄,已发作喘息次数,病史月数,父母过敏史(主要为经临床诊断的哮喘和过敏性鼻炎),个人过敏史(主要为经临床诊断的湿疹和过敏性鼻炎)。UniCAP100系统荧光酶联免疫法筛查混合食物变应原(fx5E)、混合霉菌(mx2)、混合吸入性变应原(Phadiatop)以及测定血清总IgE水平。归纳该组患儿吸入性变应原和食物变应原致敏的分布状态,Logistic回归方法分析各临床特征对变应原致敏的影响作用。结果：fx5E,mx2,Phadiatop阳性率分别为40.3%,14.5%,14.5%,三类混合变应原筛查总阳性率为46.8%,总吸入性变应原致敏率24.2%。结论：4岁以下临床诊断哮喘的患儿经体外检测显示约四分之一存在吸入变应原致敏;父母哮喘史、患儿食物变应原致敏、初次喘息年龄在2岁以后和高IgE水平提示对吸入性变应原致敏的影响有显著性意义。     

婴幼儿哮喘诊断指标意义的探讨

目的研究哮喘诊断的实验室指标在婴幼儿哮喘中的意义。方法支气管哮喘患儿115例，分为婴幼儿即3岁以下、6岁以下和7岁以上3组，正常对照20例。同位素放射免疫法测定血清总IgE(T—IgE)；抗凝静脉血、嗜伊红染色、光学显微镜下计数外周血嗜酸性细胞(EC)；荧光免疫法测定血清嗜酸性细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)；变应原皮肤点刺试验(SPT)检测过敏原；详细询问哮喘息儿个人及家族过敏性疾病史。结果(1)婴幼儿哮喘组T-IgE,EC,ECP和变应原皮肤点刺试验阳性率与年长儿比较差异无显著性；(2)婴幼儿哮喘组个人过敏性疾病阳性率高于年长儿；(3)哮喘组T—IgE、EC以及ECP较正常对照组显著升高；(4)哮喘组患儿具有较高的个人和家族过敏性疾病史阳性率以及皮肤点刺试验阳性率。结论T—IgE、EC、ECP和变应原皮肤点刺试验适用于婴幼儿哮喘的诊断；在诊断过程中应详细询问家族过敏性疾病史；婴幼儿个人过敏性疾病史对诊断哮喘较年长儿更有价值。     

喘息婴幼儿鼻咽分泌物嗜酸粒细胞与血清特异性IgE的关系分析

目的 探讨婴幼儿喘息时鼻咽分泌物涂片中嗜酸粒细胞计数及与血清特异性IgE的关系.方法 选择2002-2004年收治的1个月～3岁的喘息及支气管肺炎患儿223例,分为3组,其中反复喘息(包括婴幼儿哮喘和喘息发作≥2次)组76例,毛细支气管炎组65例,支气管肺炎(无喘息症状)组82例.吸取鼻咽分泌物1ml进行嗜酸粒细胞计数,并测定血清特异性IgE的水平.结果 反复喘息组鼻咽分泌物嗜酸粒细胞计数明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);反复喘息组血清食物变应原(fx5E)的阳性检出率及吸入性变应原(Phadiatop)阳性检出率均明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),毛支组和支气管肺炎组之间差异则无统计学意义;血清特异性IgE与鼻咽分泌物嗜酸粒细胞计数之间存在显著正相关;鼻咽分泌物嗜酸粒细胞水平在同时存在喘息和特应性的患儿最高,在既没有喘息也无个人特应性的患儿最低,有喘息或血清IgE一项者介于两组之间.结论 鼻咽分泌物嗜酸粒细胞计数方法操作简单、无创、快速,费用低,且能在一定程度上反映哮喘的病理特征,与血清特异性IgE之间呈正相关,可以在临床进一步推广应用.     

毛细支气管炎CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞和Foxp3 mRNA表达及与IgE关系

目的：通过对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎患儿CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞（CD4+CD25+Treg）、Foxp3 mRNA的表达、IgE合成的检测,以探讨其在RSV毛细支气管炎发病机制中的作用。方法：在RSV检测阳性的57例毛细支气管炎患儿中,运用流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4+CD25+Treg的比例,RT-PCR检测Foxp3 mRNA的表达量、ELISA法检测血清总IgE含量。25例健康儿童作为对照组。结果：毛细支气管炎患儿外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞数量减少,特应性体质（7.7±1.6%）和非特应性体质组（8.8±2.1%）均低于对照组（10.5±1.6%）（P均<0.01）。毛细支气管炎特应性体质和非特应性体质组外周血Foxp3 mRNA表达亦均低于对照组（P<0.01）。而血清总IgE含量毛细支气管炎特应性体质（241.2±102.5 IU/mL）和非特应性体质组(125.5±63.2 IU/mL)均高于对照组(27.2±10.5 IU/mL)（P<0.01）。外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞数量、Foxp3 mRNA表达及血清总IgE含量在毛细支气管炎特应性体质和非特应性体质组之间差异有显著性意义。CD4+CD25+Treg、Foxp3 mRNA与血清IgE水平之间相关密切,r=-0.70,-0.79(均P<0.01)。结论：毛细支气管炎外周血淋巴细胞CD4+CD25+Treg和Foxp3 mRNA表达降低,二者低水平表达使IgE合成增多,共同参与了RSV毛细支气管炎的发病。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（5）：349-353］     

Long-lasting sensitization to food during the first two years precedes allergic airway disease

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the duration of sensitization to food allergens during early childhood is related to later development of IgE mediated hypersensitivity to inhalant allergens and of allergic rhinitis and asthma in 5-year-old children and whether long-lasting food-sensitization may be used to predict subsequent allergic airway diseases. Five hundred and eight children of a prospective birth cohort study with available serum samples at one and two years of age were included and followed up until five years of age. Specific sensitization to food and inhalant allergens and the occurrence of subsequent allergic airway diseases were determined. Children with a long-lasting sensitization to food allergens (persistently sensitized for more than one year) produced significantly higher total IgE and specific IgE levels than children who were only transiently food-sensitized by two years of age. Children persistently sensitized to food had a 3.4 fold higher risk of developing allergic rhinitis and a 5.5 fold higher risk of developing asthma than infants who were only transiently food sensitized. Persistent food sensitization in combination with a positive atopic family history was a strong predictor for the development of allergic rhinitis and asthma at five years of age. The risks for these children are up to 50%, and 67% respectively. Persistently detectable sensitization to food over more than one year in early childhood is a strong prognostic factor for subsequent allergic airway disease. Persistently food-sensitized children especially in atopic families have to be regarded as a high-risk group and should be considered for preventive measures against respiratory atopy.     

温州地区402例哮喘患儿特应质现象分析

目的 对温州地区15岁以下哮喘患儿特应质现象进行分析,探讨其临床及理论价值.方法 回顾性分析402例哮喘患儿皮肤过敏原诊断试验、血清特异性IgE、总IgE、个人过敏史、家族史、过敏原检出率、类型及与年龄关系.结果 哮喘发病有家族聚集倾向,家族过敏史总阳性率为52.74%.个人过敏史总阳性率为61.69%.过敏原皮肤诊断试验和过敏原血清特异IgE阳性率达83.58%,吸人性过敏原阳性人数占检测患儿的74.13%,其中以粉尘螨(61.44%)、屋尘螨(58.96%)为主;食人性过敏原阳性占24.38%,以小虾(16.67%)、牛奶(8.46%)为主.血清总IgE阳性率87.9%,总IgE阳性组和阴性组的哮喘患儿血清嗜酸性细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)、户尘螨sIgE(D1)、粉尘螨sIgE(D2),皮肤过敏原诊断试验(pt)、家族过敏史、个人过敏史差异有统计学意义(P均≤0.05).哮喘患儿3岁前、后过敏原分布不同,3岁以后吸人性过敏原阳性为主.发病诱因中以上呼吸道感染为最多,哮喘症状发作的时间主要集中在临睡、夜晚、清晨.结论 儿童哮喘存在明显特应质现象,对其的正确认识和诊断对哮喘免疫机制的深入研究、综合治疗如在糖皮质激素吸入治疗的基础上,增加患儿教育、过敏原避免、特异性的免疫治疗等具有实用和理论指导意义.     

经皮下特异性免疫治疗的支气管哮喘和/或过敏性鼻炎患儿全身不良反应观察及危险因素分析

目的 分析皮下特异性免疫治疗（SCIT）治疗儿童支气管哮喘和/或变应性鼻炎的全身不良反应（SR）的发生情况及危险因素。方法 回顾性分析该院儿科收治的支气管哮喘和/或变应性鼻炎患儿198例为研究对象。根据所有患儿SCIT过程中SR和局部不良反应（LR）的发生情况,分为SR组（n=31）及对照组（未发生SR及LR的患儿,n=142）,采用logistic多因素回归分析对发生SR的危险因素进行分析。结果 在对198例患儿的8 157次SCIT注射中,共有25（12.6%）例患儿发生31例次（0.38%）SR,其中Ⅰ级SR 18例次（58%）,Ⅱ级SR 10例次（32%）,Ⅲ级SR 3例次（10%）,无Ⅳ级SR。多因素logistic回归分析显示同时合并食物及吸入过敏原的多重过敏、尘螨sIgE 6级、总IgE 6级、既往LR发生史是SR的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。结论 SCIT治疗哮喘和/或过敏性鼻炎的SR发生率低,安全性良好。对同时合并食物及吸入过敏原的多重过敏、高敏状态（尘螨sIgE 6级、总IgE 6级）、既往局部不良反应发生史者需警惕SR发生。     

Additive effect of eosinophilia and atopy on exhaled nitric oxide levels in children with or without a history of respiratory symptoms

Although atopy and blood eosinophilia both influence exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) measurements, no study has quantified their single or combined effect. We assessed the combined effect of atopy and blood eosinophilia on eNO in unselected schoolchildren. In 356 schoolchildren (boys/girls: 168/188) aged 9.0-11.5 yr, we determined eNO, total serum IgE, blood eosinophil counts and did skin prick tests (SPT) and spirometry. Parents completed a questionnaire on their children's current or past respiratory symptoms. Atopy was defined by a SPT >3 mm and eosinophilia by a blood cell count above the 80th percentile (>310 cells/ml). eNO levels were about twofold higher in atopic-eosinophilic subjects than in atopic subjects with low blood eosinophils [24.3 p.p.b. (parts per billion) vs. 14.1 p.p.b.] and than non-atopic subjects with high or low blood eosinophils (24.3 p.p.b. vs. 12.2 p.p.b. and 10.9 p.p.b.) (p <0.001 for both comparisons). The additive effect of atopy and high eosinophil count on eNO levels remained unchanged when subjects were analyzed separately by sex or by a positive history of wheeze (n=60), respiratory symptoms other than wheeze (n=107) or without respiratory symptoms (n=189). The frequency of sensitization to Dermatophagoides (Dpt or Dpf) was similar in atopic children with and without eosinophilia (66.2% and 67.4%, respectively); eosinophilia significantly increased eNO levels in Dp-sensitized children as well in children sensitized to other allergens. In a multiple linear regression analysis, eNO levels were mainly explained by the sum of positive SPT wheals and a high blood eosinophil count (t=4.8 and 4.3, p=0.000), but also by the presence of respiratory symptoms (especially wheeze) and male sex (t=2.6 and 2.0, p=0.009 and 0.045, respectively). Measuring eNO could be a simple, non-invasive method for identifying subjects at risk of asthma in unselected school populations.     

Risk factors, clinical and laboratory aspects of asthma in children

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory aspects and the risk factors associated with asthma in children treated at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller. METHODS: A case-control study including 59 asthmatic children (cases) and 104 nonasthmatic children (controls). The following factors were considered for risk analysis: parent? level of education, domestic exposure to allergens, passive smoking, breast feeding, low income, and family history of allergy. Samples of blood were collected for hemogram and to determine the total serum IgE as well as the one specific to allergens. Immediate hypersensitivity skin tests were performed with puncture for the detection of the following allergens: house dust mite, animals, molds, and cockroaches with positive (histamine) and negative controls (physiologic solution). A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) adjusted for risk factors and for confounding factors. RESULTS: Among the risk factors studied, sex, parent? low level of education, low income, length of the breast feeding period, and passive smoking were not associated with the presence of asthma. The domestic exposure to allergens was similar in both groups except for the higher frequency of pets at the homes of control patients (chi-square=16.9; P<0.05). Paternal history of rhinitis was the only association with asthma (OR=3.33; 95%CI: 1.03-11.17; P<0.05). The asthmatic children presented higher frequency of positive reactions to skin tests than the controls, mainly to house dust mites: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (69.5%), Dermatophagoides farinae (59.3%) and Blomia tropicalis (59.3%); cockroaches: Periplaneta americana (59.3%), and cat: Felis domesticus (37.3%), with OR between 11.2-21.0; P<0.05. Eosinophilia and serum levels of total IgE were more elevated in the group of asthmatic children (P<0.05). The positivity of the specific IgE test for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis was higher in the cases than in the controls (P<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that sensitization to the allergens produced by cockroaches (OR=9.26; 95%CI: 2.59-33.4), animals (OR=3.93; 95%CI: 1.05-14.67) and house dust mites (OR=3.74; 95%CI: 1.18-11.8) were the most important risk factors for asthma. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitization to indoor allergens, mainly to house dust mites, cockroaches, and cats showed a strong association with asthma in this study.     

经皮下特异性免疫治疗的支气管哮喘和/或过敏性鼻炎患儿全身不良反应观察及危险因素分析

目的 分析皮下特异性免疫治疗（SCIT）治疗儿童支气管哮喘和/或变应性鼻炎的全身不良反应（SR）的发生情况及危险因素。方法 回顾性分析该院儿科收治的支气管哮喘和/或变应性鼻炎患儿198例为研究对象。根据所有患儿SCIT过程中SR和局部不良反应（LR）的发生情况，分为SR组（n=31）及对照组（未发生SR及LR的患儿，n=142），采用logistic多因素回归分析对发生SR的危险因素进行分析。结果 在对198例患儿的8 157次SCIT注射中，共有25（12.6%）例患儿发生31例次（0.38%）SR，其中Ⅰ级SR 18例次（58%），Ⅱ级SR 10例次（32%），Ⅲ级SR 3例次（10%），无Ⅳ级SR。多因素logistic回归分析显示同时合并食物及吸入过敏原的多重过敏、尘螨sIgE 6级、总IgE 6级、既往LR发生史是SR的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。结论 SCIT治疗哮喘和/或过敏性鼻炎的SR发生率低，安全性良好。对同时合并食物及吸入过敏原的多重过敏、高敏状态（尘螨sIgE 6级、总IgE 6级）、既往局部不良反应发生史者需警惕SR发生。     

Blood tests and histological correlates in children with eosinophilic oesophagitis

Aim: To determine the relationship between blood tests and oesophageal histology in Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE). Methods: All children diagnosed with EoE at one hospital from 2000 to 2009 were considered for inclusion in this study. Three blood test results were analysed, blood eosinophil count, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) to common food allergens. Oesophageal histology was prospectively re‐reviewed, and mean eosinophil counts were enumerated. Blood test results were correlated with oesophageal eosinophil counts using Spearman’s rank test. Results: Forty children (70% boys) were included in this study, median age at diagnosis 6.5 years (range 0–15). At the time of diagnosis, 78% of children had a raised blood eosinophil count, 90% had a raised serum total IgE and 83% had one or more positive RAST tests. The mean oesophageal eosinophil count was significantly correlated with both blood eosinophil count (p = 0.008) and serum total IgE level (p = 0.008). Conclusion: This study shows that blood tests are often abnormal in children with EoE at the time of diagnosis. Our data demonstrate an association between histological abnormalities and blood test results in children with EoE.     

Exhaled nitric oxide, total serum IgE and allergic sensitization in childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) levels are correlated with several markers of atopy and inflammatory activity in the airways, but the relationship between eNO and total serum IgE has not been fully elucidated in the context of allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between eNO, total serum IgE and allergic sensitization in childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis. eNO levels, lung function, skin prick tests and total serum IgE were determined in 109 children (mean age, 10.4 yr) with mild intermittent asthma and in 41 children (mean age, 10.1 yr) with allergic rhinitis; 25 healthy non-atopic children were recruited as controls. eNO levels (median) were significantly higher in patients with asthma (22.7 p.p.b.) and in those with allergic rhinitis (15.3 p.p.b.) than in healthy controls (5.9 p.p.b.). Children with allergic asthma had higher eNO levels than children with allergic rhinitis. A significant positive correlation was found between eNO and total serum IgE (asthma, r = 0.42, p < 0.0001; allergic rhinitis, r = 0.31, p < 0.01), and between eNO and the number of positive skin prick tests (asthma, r = 0.31, p < 0.0001; allergic rhinitis, r = 0.39, p < 0.01). eNO levels were better correlated with total IgE than with the number of positive skin prick tests. This correlation was independent of allergic sensitization. High total serum IgE represents a specific and predictive marker of eNO increase in children with asthma or allergic rhinitis. This finding adds further support to the hypothesis that increased serum IgE could be a marker itself of airway inflammation in patients with allergic disease.     

吸入变应原sIgE在不同气道过敏性疾病儿童中的分布特征

目的了解不同气道过敏性疾病患儿吸入变应原血清特异性Ig E(slg E)的分布特征。方法应用Uni CAP250变应原定量Ig E检测系统的荧光酶联免疫法,对256例3~14岁气道过敏疾病患儿测定9种常见吸入变应原的血清slg E。256例患儿按临床诊断分为:变应性鼻炎组(简称"鼻炎组",37例)、支气管哮喘组(简称"哮喘组",82例)和变应性鼻炎合并支气管哮喘组(简称"鼻炎并哮喘组",137例)。比较3组患儿9种吸入变应原阳性检出率的分布差异,并比较3组患儿变应原致敏级别和致敏种类数的差异。结果哮喘组、鼻炎组和鼻炎并哮喘组患儿吸入变应原血清s Ig E的阳性检出率分别为57.3%(47/82)、86.5%(32/37)、82.5%(113/137),3组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。哮喘组、鼻炎组、鼻炎并哮喘组患儿常见变应原均依次为霉菌类(32.9%、54.1%、48.9%)、尘螨类(30.5%、45.9%、46.0%)、花粉类(26.8%、35.1%、32.8%)、宠物类(12.2%、27.0%、18.2%)、蟑螂(9.8%、5.4%、5.8%)。鼻炎组和鼻炎并哮喘组患儿霉菌混合的阳性检出率均高于哮喘组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.0166)。3组患儿9种变应原的致敏级别和致敏种类数比较差异无统计学意义。结论支气管哮喘、变应性鼻炎或二者合并患儿前3位吸入变应原均依次是霉菌类、尘螨类、花粉类;与支气管哮喘相比,霉菌致敏可能与变应性鼻炎关系更密切;这3种常见气道过敏性疾病吸入变应原的致敏分布具有相似性。