玻璃体视网膜联合术治疗人工晶体眼视网膜脱离

目的 探讨人工晶体眼视网膜脱离的手术治疗方法并评价其疗效。方法 对我院2004年至2005年2年间经显微玻璃体视网膜联合术治疗的51例53眼人工晶体植入眼视网膜脱离的临床资料作回顾性分析。其中前房型人工晶体植入眼视网膜脱离5例5眼，后房型人工晶体植入46例48眼。手术采取显微玻璃体切除联合剥离视网膜前膜、激光封闭视网膜裂孔，对于合并前部PVR者同时行环扎及视网膜切开，术毕玻璃体腔填充长效气体或硅油。结果 随防1y至3y。随访时视网膜复位20眼占94．34％，视力提高者46眼占86．79％，其中≥0．1者36眼占67．92％，最好视力为0．8。结论 人工晶体植入眼视网膜脱离病变复杂，容易导致严重增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变。应用显微玻璃体视网膜联合术治疗，可使视网膜有效复位，挽救患者视功能。     

玻璃体视网膜手术治疗视网膜坏死

目的评价玻璃体视网膜手术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征（ARNS）的疗效。方法对1例（1眼）玻璃体炎症明显和6例（6眼）伴有视网膜脱离的ARNS患者行玻璃体切除术,切除玻璃体、视网膜剥膜、视网膜切开、硅油填充及眼内光凝。结果所有病例视网膜均获得满意复位。5眼行取硅油术后、随访6-12个月均未发生视网膜再脱离,所有病例术后均保留视力。结论玻璃体视网膜手术是治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征有效的方法,可明显改善预后。     

玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征

目的：评价玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征（ARNS）的疗效。方法：对6例（7眼）伴有视网膜裂孔或脱离的ARNS患者进行玻璃体切除术,采用三通道睫状体平坦部切口切除玻璃体、剥膜、松解性视网膜切开、硅油填充及眼内光凝。术后半年到9个月取出硅油。结果：5眼伴有视网膜脱离眼手术治疗后视网膜均获得满意复位,2眼在取出硅油后视网膜脱离复发。2眼存在视网膜裂孔眼术后无新裂孔及视网膜脱离发生,所有病例术后视力均有不同程度改善,最优者为0.1。结论：玻璃体切除术是治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征有效的方法,可明显改善其预后。     

玻璃体切除术治疗牵拉性视网膜脱离34例

目的：探讨玻璃体切除术治疗牵拉性视网膜脱离的方法和疗效.方法：各种病因导致的牵拉性视网膜脱离34例36眼,行玻璃体切除术治疗,术后观察视力、视网膜复位情况及手术并发症等,随访3-6（平均3.8）mo.结果：术后视网膜复位,视力有不同程度的提高者32眼（89%）;术后3mo内视网膜再脱离4眼,其中2眼经再次手术后复位,2眼眼球萎缩未再手术.手术并发症主要有术中牵拉性裂孔、术中及术后玻璃体积血、术后高眼压、视网膜再脱离等.结论：玻璃体切除术是治疗牵拉性视网膜脱离的有效方法,尤其对于存在广泛固定牵拉、视网膜大范围脱离、玻璃体积血、合并严重的增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的患者是唯一有效的手术方法.     

视网膜切开与切除治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的:探讨视网膜切开及切除治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的手术疗效、方法、适应证、并发症及处理原则。方法:在初步进行视网膜切开及切除术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的基础上,1994年1月至1996年6月,对36例(36眼)复杂性视网膜脱离患者,行巩膜扣带、玻璃体切除、膜剥离、视网膜切开及切除、眼内填充,部分病例术后补充激光治疗,术后随访3至12月,观察患者视网膜复位、视功能恢复的情况及手术中、手术后的并发症。结果:术中32眼视网膜复位,4眼放弃治疗。术中成功的32眼中,8眼视网膜脱离复发,4眼接受再次手术,3眼视网膜复位。最终解剖成功27眼,成功率75.0％。术前视力33眼指数以下,3眼0.05以下,术后0.05以上视力20眼(55.5％)。术中术后并发症有视网膜切口出血,视网膜切开口扩大,硅油、过氟葵烷进入视网膜下,硅油乳化,并发性白内障,低眼压等。结论:视网膜切开对复杂性视网膜脱离的治疗有一定帮助,但有较严重并发症,应严格掌握手术适应症。眼科学报1998;14:94—96。     

伴视网膜嵌顿的外伤性视网膜脱离的手术治疗

目的探讨伴视网膜嵌顿的外伤性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术方法及疗效。方法应用玻璃体切除、膜剥离、松解性视网膜切开、眼内激光、眼内充填术,部分病例结合巩膜外加压术治疗伴视网膜嵌顿的外伤性视网膜脱离１３例（１３只眼）。结果１３只眼术后视网膜均复位,３个月至３年随访期间,１０例视网膜保持平复;３例视网膜脱离复发,其中１例经再次手术使视网膜复位;解剖学复位结果为１１／１３,术后和随访时视力有不同程度提高。结论外伤性视网膜脱离合并嵌顿者常伴有严重的增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｖｉｔｒｅｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＰＶＲ）,采用玻璃体视网膜联合手术是有效的治疗方法,施行松解性视网膜切开术以松解嵌顿口的视网膜牵拉是治疗成功的关键。     

视网膜切开,切除术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离及严重增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变

目的 探讨视网膜切开、切除术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离及严重增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的效果。方法 对１６例１６只眼患者行周边视网膜切开术、视网膜切除术，联合膜剥离．水下电凝．气液交换．重水顶压．眼内激光治疗，最后进行硅油与重水交换。结果 视网膜完全复位１３只眼（８１．３％）。视力较术前增加者８只眼（５０．０％）。结果 手术成功率与术前玻璃体视网膜状况、切开和切除的范围及部位有密切关系。视网膜切开及切除应严     

先天性青光眼术后视网膜脱离的手术治疗

目的 探讨先天性青光眼术后视网膜脱离的病因、临床特点及手术效果.方法 对8例(8眼)先天性青光眼术后视网膜脱离行平坦部闭合式玻璃体切除联合视网膜切开、剥膜、硅油充填等治疗.术后观察视力、眼压、视网膜复位情况及并发症.结果 随访6～24个月,视力提高4眼(50％),不变3眼(37.5％),下降1眼(12.5％);眼压正常(10～21mmHg)者5眼(62.5％),使用前房穿刺联合降压药物后,眼压正常者2眼(25.0％),经药物及睫状体光凝术后,眼压正常者1眼(12.5％);7眼首次手术后视网膜复位(87.5％),1眼二次手术后视网膜复位(12.5％);8眼手术均无严重并发症发生.结论 先天性青光眼术后视网膜脱离的病情复杂,玻璃体切除联合视网膜切开有助于视网膜复位,提高视功能,控制眼压的稳定.     

玻璃体切除联合重硅油填充治疗下方PVR视网膜脱离

目的探讨玻璃体切除联合重硅油眼内填充治疗下方严重PVR视网膜脱离的效果。方法对26例（26眼）诊断为合并下方PVR视网膜脱离者行玻璃体切除联合眼内重硅油填充,并同时随机抽取26眼患相似类型的视网膜脱离者,在玻璃体切除术后给予眼内硅油填充作为对照治疗。术后随访7～12月,观察其视网膜复位、视力、眼压及硅油乳化等情况。结果重硅油组视网膜一次性完全复位者24眼,占92．30％,硅油组一次性视网膜完全复位者18眼,占69．23％,（P〈0．05）。视网膜完全复位者绝大部分视力有不同程度提高。所有患者均未见明显炎症反应。结论玻璃体切除联合重硅油眼内填充是治疗下方PVR视网膜脱离的有效方法,可以降低术后视网膜脱离的复发率。     

晚期急性视网膜坏死综合征的手术效果观察

目的评价急性视网膜坏死综合征视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除、硅油填充联合视网膜光凝术的手术效果。方法对10例（10眼）急性视网膜坏死综合征视网膜脱离进行经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除和增生膜剥离术，术中氩激光光凝视网膜裂孔和残留的正常视网膜边缘，并行硅油填充术，3眼因晶状体浑浊同时行晶状体切除术，术后5～6个月取出硅油，硅油取出之前3周行赤道部的氩激光光凝，观察硅油取出后视网膜复位及视力状况。结果术后短期内（〈1月）视网膜全复位，随访14～26月，8眼视网膜复位良好，复位率80．00％（8／10），2眼因视网膜表面增生膜形成，视网膜再次脱离。术后视力：光感者1眼，手动者1眼，数指者3眼，0．05～0．1者3眼，0．12者2眼。结论现代玻璃体切除、硅油填充联合视网膜光凝术提高了急性视网膜坏死视网膜脱离的视网膜复位率，但因视网膜坏死结构破坏以致视力恢复较差。     

Optical coherence tomography of the neurosensory retina in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To clarify the pathologic changes of the detached neurosensory retina in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS: Retinal images were prospectively examined by optical coherence tomography in 25 eyes of 25 consecutive patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. We excluded the patients whose retinal detachment did not involve the central fovea or patients with poor fixation during optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination. Optical coherence tomography was scanned through the center of the fovea. The patients ranged in age from 15 to 77 years (mean, 45 years; SD, 20 years). The period from onset of subjective symptoms of retinal detachment to OCT ranged from 2 to 60 days (mean, 16 days; SD, 18 days). Optical coherence tomography findings, best-corrected visual acuity, and the height of the retinal detachment at the central fovea were statistically analyzed using ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: In 25 eyes of 25 patients, OCT of the detached neurosensory retina at and adjacent to the center of the fovea demonstrated normal retinal structure (10 eyes, 40%), intraretinal separation (7 eyes, 28%), and an undulated separated outer retina (8 eyes, 32%). Three statistically significant factors affected best-corrected visual acuity: intraretinal separation (P = .001), intraretinal separation with undulated outer retina (P = .001), and height of retinal detachment at the central fovea (P<.001). Best-corrected visual acuity was significantly worse in the 15 eyes with intraretinal separation with or without an undulated outer retina than in the 10 eyes with retinal thickening but no intraretinal separation (P = .036). The eight eyes with undulated separated outer retina showed significantly higher retinal detachment at the central fovea than the seven eyes with intraretinal separation but no undulated outer retina (P = .009) and the 10 eyes without intraretinal separation (P = .016). The duration from onset of subjective symptoms to OCT was not related to the occurrence of intraretinal separation of the detached retina. CONCLUSIONS: Intraretinal separation of the detached retina occurred frequently and shortly after retinal detachment in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and was one of the factors associated with poor vision in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Best-corrected visual acuity significantly decreased in the highly detached retina.     

玻璃体切割术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血的临床研究

目的:探讨孔源性视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血的发病原因、临床特征和玻璃体切割术的治疗效果。方法:回顾分析24例24眼因孔源性视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血接受玻璃体切割手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果:年龄<45岁的青年组共11例;年龄45～59岁的中年组共9例;年龄>60的老年组4例。21例为马蹄形裂孔,其中马蹄形裂孔<1PD者2例,1PD～<2PD者14例,2PD～<1象限者5例;圆形裂孔者3例,均<1PD。裂孔位于视网膜颞上方者13例,颞下方者8例,鼻上方者3例;视网膜脱离范围:颞上方者10例,鼻上者2例,全脱者1例,下方者11例。病程和术后视力:1mo组16例,视力0.2～0.4者13例,≥0.5者3例;2mo组5例,视力0.01～0.1者3例,0.2～0.4者2例;3mo组1例,视力0.01～0.1;>3mo组2例,视力手动1例,数指1例。结论:孔源性视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血尽早明确诊断并及时行玻璃体切割手术能够取得较好疗效。     

巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察采用巩膜扣带术治疗增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）分级在C3和D1的陈旧性视网膜脱离的效果。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2013年3月到2014年5月在北京同仁医院经巩膜扣带术治疗的陈旧性视网膜脱离16例16眼。方法 回顾性分析16例（16眼）PVR分级在C3（9眼）和D1（7眼）的陈旧性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料、手术方式和疗效。主要指标 PVR分级、视力、视网膜复位状况。结果 16眼均采用巩膜外冷冻-硅胶外加压-环扎术,一次手术视网膜复位成功15眼（93.8%）。术后视力均有不同程度提高,提高2行以上者6眼。结论 对于部分PVR分级在C3和D1的陈旧视网膜脱离,巩膜扣带术治疗可获得满意的效果。     

巩膜外局部加压术与巩膜环扎手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效比较

目的比较巩膜外局部加压术与巩膜环扎手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法将30眼孔源性视网膜脱离病人随机分A,B两组,A组16眼,采用巩膜外局部加压术;B组14眼采用巩膜环扎手术,术后随访半年至一年,观其视网膜复位和视功能的恢复程度。结果 A组13眼视网膜复位顺利,一次手术成功率为81.25%;术后视力提高13眼,不变2眼,下降1眼,出现并发症8眼。B组11眼视网膜一次手术复位,一次手术成功率为78.57%;术后视力提高9眼,不变2眼,下降3眼,出现并发症9眼。两组一次手术成功率、术后视力提高情况、并发症发生率比较.差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论巩膜外局部加压术手术治疗RRD是经济,操作简单,并发症较少的理想的手术方法。     

Long-term results of vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

In order to study long-term anatomical and functional results the authors evaluated the data from 260 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Indications for surgery were: vitreous hemorrhage, 68 eyes (26.2%); vitreous hemorrhage & tractional retinal detachment, 84 eyes (32.3%); tractional retinal detachment, 82 eyes (31.5%); and combined tractional-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 26 eyes (10%). In 118 eyes vitreoretinal surgery was combined with silicone-oil tamponade.The retina was completely attached posterior to a scleral buckle in 251 eyes (96%) at the time of the last examination. After a follow-up period of at least 12 months in a group of patients with vitreous hemorrhage, visual acuity improved in 88% of the eyes. Visual acuity was better than 0.5 in 31% of eyes. In group of eyes with nonresorbing vitreous hemorrhage & tractional retinal detachment visual acuity improved in 52% of eyes. Visual acuity improved in 76% of eyes with tractional retinal detachment and in 81% of eyes with combined tractional & rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. When comparing the latest postoperative visual acuity to visual acuity after three months postoperatively, visual acuity was unchanged in 88%, in 10% it became worse and in 3 cases (1%) became better. In the postoperative period, recurrent vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 33 (13%) eyes, reproliferation in 12 eyes.Cataract developed in 45 of 168 phakic eyes. If postoperative visual acuity before cataract formation was good, extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was performed. Otherwise simple intra or extracapsular cataract extraction was performed. In 19 cases cataract operation was performed together with silicone oil extraction. Neovascular glaucoma developed postoperatively in 15 eyes (6%). Retinal detachment occurred postoperatively in 21 eyes (8%). In 15 eyes the retina was successfully reattached after additional operations.     

直视下巩膜环扎加压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的探讨直视下孔源性视网膜脱离复位手术的临床效果。方法孔源性视网膜脱离16例（16眼）由同一术者进行外路手术,术前三面镜下,间接检眼镜下仔细严格定位裂孔,术中肉眼下大致定位,全部行环扎并裂孔变性区外垫压,根据裂孔大小冷凝或非冷凝,尽可能安全放液,根据眼压,裂孔形态,部位选择注入气体填充物,定期观察术后视力、眼内反应和视网膜复位情况。结果16例视网膜脱离手术患者,术后随访半年,视网膜完全复位14眼（87．5％）,视力较术前提高12只眼（75％）,不变3只眼（18．75％）,不完全复位少量视网膜下液吸收缓慢1眼,再次脱离行玻璃体切割手术视网膜复位1眼（6．25％）。最好矫正视力0．1以上10只眼（62．5％）。结论手术前的仔细检查定位裂孔,环扎术避免遗漏裂孔及变性区均为直视下外路治疗孔源性视网膜脱离提供安全有效的保证,为眼科医师提供新的视网膜脱离手术方式的选择,且手术时间较短,操作相对简单,疗效有明确的保证。     

Signs, complications, and platelet aggregation in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy

Between 1979 and 1989, I examined 106 patients (16 pedigrees) with signs of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Of these patients, 101 had familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and five had a sporadic manifestation. The complications of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, deformation of the posterior retina, vitreous hemorrhage, amblyopia, and retinal detachment, caused diminished visual acuity. Of 170 eyes, retinal neovascularization was observed in 18 eyes (11%), and retinal exudates were observed in 16 eyes (9%). Several forms of retinal detachment occurred in 37 of 180 eyes (21%), which often took an unfavorable course. A falciform retinal fold was observed in 14 eyes (8%). Retinal surgery was performed in 14 eyes; reattachment of the retina was successful in only seven eyes. Platelet aggregation studies disclosed no significant differences between seven patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and ten control subjects. The pathogenesis of the disease is based on a premature arrest of the vascular development of the retina.     

永存性原始玻璃体增生症的手术治疗

目的 观察永存原始玻璃体增生症(PHPV)的手术治疗效果。 方法 回顾性分析接受玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的16例PHPV患者16只眼的临床资料。患者中男性9例，女性7例，年龄3个月~25岁，平均年龄51.9个月。14例为单眼发病，2 例为双眼发病，均未合并全身异常。其中，前部型3只眼，混合型13只眼；10只眼合并白内 障，7只眼合并虹膜后粘连，5只眼合并浅前房，3只眼合并角膜带状变性，1只眼角膜混浊， 2只眼合并牵引性视网膜脱离，1只眼合并牵引性孔源性视网膜脱离。手术前视力1只眼为光感，1只眼为眼前手动，1只眼为数指/10 cm，1只眼为0.02，12只眼不能配合视力检查，对强光刺激反应不明显。13只眼行晶状体切除和前段玻璃体切割，1只眼1期植入人工晶状体， 3只合并视网膜脱离眼行晶状体切除、玻璃体切割、眼内激光光凝、注气、巩膜环扎手术 。 手术后随访时间6个月至4年，平均随访时间为15.3个月。 结果 所有接受手术治疗眼手术后眼压均正常，前房形成，视网膜复位。混合型者残留视盘前纤维血管膜及视网膜皱襞。2例患者经弱视训练后最佳矫正视力达02和01，8例不配合视力检查者有遮盖厌恶反应，均对强光刺激有反应，6例患者视力低于数指。 结论 对于前部型和混合型PHPV患者，早期晶状体切除及玻璃体手术可以重建视觉通道并解除牵引 ，保存视力，减少继发性青光眼等并发症的发生，结合手术后弱视训练可获得有用视力。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：210-212）     

Anatomic and visual results in asymptomatic clinical rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repaired by scleral buckling

PURPOSE: To report presenting characteristics as well as anatomic and visual results in asymptomatic clinical rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repaired by scleral buckling. METHODS: Review of 28 eyes of 27 patients with an asymptomatic clinical retinal detachment-defined as a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with subretinal fluid extending more than 2 disk diameters posterior to the equator-which were repaired by scleral buckling from January 1989 through December 1996 with follow-up of 6 months or longer. RESULTS: With a single scleral buckling procedure, anatomic reattachment of the retina occurred in all eyes; one eye redetached 14 months after the initial surgery secondary to a new retinal break and was successfully reattached. All eyes had best-corrected presenting and final visual acuity of 20/50 or better. Final best-corrected Snellen visual acuity was within 1 line of best-corrected presenting visual acuity in 82% of eyes; three eyes improved more than 1 line of Snellen visual acuity and two eyes lost more than 1 line. CONCLUSION: Anatomic and visual results in asymptomatic clinical rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after scleral buckling surgery are excellent. Strong consideration should be given to repair of these detachments.     

Tomographic assessment of vitreous surgery for diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate the retinal structure before and after vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema and to assess the correlation between thickness of neurosensory retina and best-corrected visual acuity. METHODS: Tomographic features of 13 eyes (nine patients) with diabetic macular edema were prospectively evaluated with optical coherence tomography before and after vitrectomy. The foveal thickness (the distance between the inner retinal surface and the retinal pigment epithelium) and the retinal thickness (thickness of neurosensory retina) were measured by optical coherence tomography preoperatively and postoperatively. The correlation of the best-corrected visual acuity with foveal and retinal thickness was determined. RESULTS: All 13 eyes had retinal swelling with low intraretinal reflectivity. In addition to retinal swelling, there were cystoid spaces in five (38%) of 13 eyes, a serous retinal detachment in three (23%), and both cystoid spaces and serous detachment in three (23%). Six months postoperatively, the mean foveal thickness significantly decreased from 630 +/- 170 to 350 +/- 120 microm (P <.01, paired t test) and the mean thickness of neurosensory retina decreased from 540 +/- 160 to 320 +/- 140 microm (P <.01, paired t test). A serous retinal detachment occurred transiently in 3 eyes. Compared with the preoperative level, the postoperative best-corrected visual acuity level improved by more than 2 lines in five of the 13 eyes (38%), remained the same in seven eyes (54%), and decreased in one eye (8%). The postoperative thickness of neurosensory retina at the fovea and best-corrected visual acuity level at the sixth postoperative month had a strong negative correlation (correlation coefficient, -0.76; P <.01, Spearmans rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy was generally effective in treatment of diabetic macular edema. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated the intraretinal changes of macular edema and the process of edema absorption. During the process of macular edema absorption, intraretinal fluid appeared to move into the subretinal space in some cases. Best-corrected visual acuity improvement was greater in eyes with less preoperative increase in thickness of neurosensory retina.