原发性心脏肿瘤的超声诊断价值与分析

目的探讨原发性心脏肿瘤的超声心动图特征与临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院62例原发性心脏肿瘤患者的临床资料,将超声检查结果与手术病理结果对照。结果术前超声心动图对54例黏液瘤做出正确诊断;1例右室黏液瘤及良性非黏液性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤均提示相应部位占位性病变。黏液瘤多位于左房,有蒂,多附着于房间隔,活动度大,包膜完整,与心肌分界清,少复发;而恶性肿瘤多无蒂,活动度小,包膜不完整,与心肌分界不清,易复发。结论超声心动图对原发心脏肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断具有较大的价值。     

心脏原发肿瘤的诊断和治疗(摘要)

１　临床资料　　１９８０～１９９９年４月我院共收治心脏原发肿瘤病人１５９例,男５９例,女１００例,年龄１０～７０岁。其中良性粘液瘤１５２例,恶性粘液瘤３例,恶性间皮瘤２例,恶性血管内皮瘤１例,横纹肌肉瘤１例。起病至就诊时间３天～１０年,首诊偏瘫者７例,首诊以右下肢动脉栓塞１例。全组中有１５６例心腔内肿瘤术前均经二维超声心动图或彩色超声心动图检查,发现心腔内团状回声,３例室壁肿瘤超声心动图显示心室外侧包块。１５９例病人除１例左心房粘液瘤（ＬＡＭ）,１例右心室粘液瘤在术前等待手术中突然死亡外,对１５…     

心脏左心房占位性病变的超声诊断价值

目的：探讨左心房占位性病变的超声心动图表现及超声心动图对其诊断价值。方法 超声检查诊断左心房占位性病变的患者66例,与其他影像学检查、临床治疗、手术病理、及随访结果进行对比。结果：本研究66例左心房占位病变中血栓27例, 左心房内及二尖瓣赘生物20例,左心房黏液瘤15例,副神经节瘤1例,左心房原发性肿瘤1例及转移瘤2例。典型声像特点：15例黏液瘤多有蒂,且附着于房间隔卵圆孔边缘且活动度较大。27例左心房内血栓无蒂,活动性差,在形成及治疗的不同阶段表现不同。20例左心房内赘生物表现为二尖瓣或心内膜上附着团块状回声,大小不等,形态不规则,较大的赘生物难以与心脏肿瘤相鉴别,需结合临床表现及其他辅助检查诊断。左心房恶性肿瘤3例无蒂,活动性差,与心内膜界限不清,伴少量心包积液,CDFI检查团块内可见少许血流信号。心脏副神经节瘤1例位于主动脉的副神经节内。结论：超声心动图是目前检出和评价左心房占位性病变的有效检查方法之一, 能准确描述病变的部位、大小、数量、形状、活动性、周围组织结构的关系及血流动力学改变。     

心脏粘液瘤的临床诊断及手术治疗

目的：总结我院60例心脏粘液瘤患的超声心动图特征及手术治疗的资料。方法：利用超声心动图观察粘液瘤的数目、位置、大小、形状、瘤蒂情况，表面特征，瓣膜梗阻，返流，心脏继发改变，并与手术发现进行对比。结果：左房粘液瘤55例，其中多发瘤4例；右房粘液瘤5例，均行手术切除，术后效果良好，无复发。结论：超声心动图对本病有很高的诊断价值，手术切除是其治疗的有效方法。     

二维超声心动图对心脏肿瘤诊断的价值

心脏肿瘤多数为良性粘液瘤,恶性肿瘤较少见.本院于1985～1992年经二维超声心动图(2DE)检查 13例心脏肿瘤.为探讨2DE对此类肿瘤的诊断价值,特描述其2DE表现,并与手术所见及病检结果对照.     

心房粘液瘤的外科治疗

在原发性心脏肿瘤中,粘液瘤约占50％。大约75％的粘液瘤位于左心房,25％位于右心房,但文献上亦有双侧心房粘液瘤和心室粘液瘤的报道。心房粘液瘤的特征为单个、带蒂,常起源于卵圆窝附近。临床表现为急性或慢性血流障碍、栓塞及/或体质改变。近年来,由于临床上重视鉴别诊断和心音图、超声心动图及心血管造影的广泛应用,大多数病例已可在术前确诊。对于这种组织结构属     

心脏粘液瘤的诊断与外科治疗（附71例报告）

共收治71例心脏粘液瘤患者。左房粘液瘤62例,其中多发瘤3例、合并室间隔缺损2例、二尖瓣关闭不全1例,右房粘液瘤9例、均由超声心动图确诊,并在全麻体外循环下手术摘除粘液瘤,同期行二尖瓣成形和二尖瓣替换术各1例,室缺修补术2例。术后2例死亡（2．8％）。随访9个月－16年,2例复发（2．8％）。认为超声心动图对心脏粘液瘤的诊断具有特殊价值,心脏粘液瘤一经诊断应立即手术,彻底切除是预防复发 的关键。     

原发性心脏肿瘤的超声心动图诊断价值

目的：应用超声心动图观察原发性心脏肿瘤的发生部位、大小、形态、活动度等，评估超声心动图诊断原发性心脏肿瘤的价值。方法：报告８２例经手术及病理证实的原发性心脏肿瘤病人超声心动图诊断及分析。超声诊断仪为ＡＳＵ－０１０型，ＡＣＵＳＯＮ－１２８ＸＰ型等，探头频率２．５～３．５ＭＨｚ。结果：超声心动图术前诊断８１例，１例因瘤体＜４ｍｍ而漏诊；总显示率为９８．８％，漏诊率为１．２％。结论：超声心动图对原发性心脏肿瘤的诊断具有独特的临床价值和优越性，依据肿瘤超声病理改变对判断肿瘤性质有重要价值。但超声心动图对某些心脏肿瘤很难作出准确的组织病理学诊断。     

心脏粘液瘤的临床与病理回顾性分析

【】目的:分析心房粘液瘤的临床与病理学特点。方法:选取2000年～2015年手术治疗的118例心脏粘液瘤作为研究对象,回顾性分析患者的临床、影像学及病理学资料。结果：超声心动图提示心腔内有异常回声团块,均在入院后3～5天内进行手术治疗,病理诊断心房粘液瘤。术后死亡 8例 ( 6.7 % ),其余110例患者随访时间 3～120个月,复发4例,3例手术后痊愈。结论：对于心房粘液瘤患者在确诊后应及时进行手术治疗,严格掌握手术指征,提高手术治愈率,减少并发症的发生。彩色超声心动图对诊断及随访均具有重要作用。#$NL【关键词】心房粘液瘤;超声心动图;病理学;效果     

超声心动图诊断原发性肝癌心脏转移

目的探讨超声心动图对原发性肝癌心脏转移的诊断价值。方法对病理证实的原发性肝癌并发心脏实质性占位的患者进行心动超声检查,应用二维及彩色多普勒超声观察肿瘤的大小、形态、内部回声、与所在心腔组织的关系、肿瘤内部及周边血供情况、肿瘤随心动周期的运动状态必要时结合腹部超声观察肝静脉、下腔静脉有无癌栓。结果心动超声检查发现2例患者心脏转移性肿瘤均出现在右心房,呈偏强回声,内部回声不均匀（100%）,1例瘤体可随心动周期运动（50%）,1例瘤体不随心动周期运动（50%）。结论超声心动图诊断原发性肝癌心脏转移具有较大的临床价值,但由于病例较少,在总结不同原发灶所致的心脏转移性肿瘤特征性声像图表现上仍存在一定局限性。     

Echocardiographic and pathologic characteristics of primary cardiac tumors: a study of 149 cases

To investigate the characteristics and pathological features of primary cardiac tumors and to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of echocardiography in primary cardiac tumors, all pathologic and echocardiographic records at the Chinese PLA general hospital and its satellite hospitals between January 1st, 1990 and January 1st, 2000 were reviewed to identify patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary cardiac tumors. A total of 149 patients who had complete echocardiographic records and who were diagnosed with primary cardiac tumors were included in the study. Pathologic and echocardiographic records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the presence, location and histologic type of the tumors. The majority (n=118, 79.2%) of cases had been diagnosed with benign tumors. Myxoma was the most common histologic type accounting for 50.0% of total cardiac tumors. Lipoma was the second most common type of benign tumor. Among cases with malignant tumors (n=31, 20.8%), unclassified sarcoma (n=7), angiosarcoma (n=6) and rhabdomyosarcoma (n=6) were the common histologic types of primary malignant tumor. Non-myxomatous benign tumors were more likely to have occurred in the ventricle than myxomas (17/43, 39.5% vs. 7/75, 9.3%; P=0.00). The proportion of pericardium involvement in the malignant tumors (8/31, 25.8%) was significantly higher than that in the myxomas (0/75, 0%; P=0.00) and non-myxomas (2/43, 4.7%; P=0.01). The diagnostic sensitivity of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography was 93.3% (139/149) and 96.8% (30/31), respectively. The study, using a relatively large sample, confirms that myxoma was the most common primary cardiac tumor. The locations of tumor involvement varied by types of tumor. Echocardiography may be a useful tool for early diagnosis of primary cardiac tumors.     

Cardiac tumors: clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of 65 cases

65 cases of cardiac tumors were diagnosed and studied by echocardiography. Among them 49 were primary tumors including 43 cases of myxoma, one case each of hamartoma, lipomatous infiltration, fibroma, hemangioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, pericardial mesothelioma, and 16 cases of secondary cardiac tumors. It was found that the nature of primary cardiac tumors could be speculated by two-dimensional echocardiography based on their pathological features. Most patients with large left atrial myxoma had obstructive symptoms of mitral valves, abnormal ECG and enlarged left atrium, whereas patients with small atrial myxoma, embolic phenomenon was liable to occur. Echocardiography of secondary cardiac tumors showed that the tumors usually invaded most frequently both the myocardium and pericardium as single or multiple nodular echoes in the myocardium under pericardium or within the pericardial cavity, with profuse pericardial effusion. Occasionally, the secondary tumor appeared as a large mobile intracavitary mass or an extracardiac one compressing the heart or large vessels. It was noticed that cardiac symptoms might be the clinical clue in certain patients with extracardiac primary malignancy.     

心脏黏液瘤的外科诊治分析

目的 探讨心脏黏液瘤的外科治疗的临床要素.方法 回顾性分析92例心脏黏液瘤患者的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果 1997年至2012年收治经手术治疗和病理证实的心脏黏液瘤患者92例,男性38例,女性54例,年龄4～67岁,病史1个月至5年;其中左房黏液瘤80例,右房黏液瘤6例,双心房黏液瘤2例,右心室黏液瘤3例,左心室黏液瘤1例.术前均由超声心动图确诊,在全麻体外循环下手术摘除黏液瘤.同期行二尖瓣成形、二尖瓣置换术各3例,三尖瓣成形6例.术前诊断率100％.所有患者均治愈出院.87例经随访,随访时间3个月至5年2个月,复发1例.结论 心脏黏液瘤是最常见的心脏肿瘤,手术治疗效果确切.把握手术时机、避免肿瘤脱落引起栓塞等并发症的发生是手术成功的重要因素.超声心动图对诊断及随访均具有重要意义.     

婴幼儿原发性心脏肿瘤超声心动图诊断分析

目的探讨超声心动图在婴幼儿原发性心脏肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。 方法选取26例疑似原发性心脏肿瘤婴幼儿,均行超声心动图检查,完善相关检查后,经手术或穿刺活检明确诊断,分析超声心动图对原发性心脏肿瘤的诊断价值。 结果26例疑似心脏肿瘤患儿中,1例确诊为原发性心脏肿瘤,属心脏黏液瘤(良性);25例确诊为心内膜炎,其中19例伴瓣膜赘生物。超声心动图诊断2例原发性心脏肿瘤,其中1例为心内膜炎赘生物误诊为心脏肿瘤,诊断敏感度为100.0%,特异度为96.0%,与病理诊断符合率为96.15%。 结论超声心动图诊断婴幼儿原发性心脏肿瘤具有较高敏感度,可为临床正确诊断提供客观依据,有利于治疗方案的制定与实施。     

Cardiac and Paracardiac Masses: Complementary Role of Echocardiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The objective of this study was to compare the roles of echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients suspected of having cardiac and paracardiac masses. Echocardiography is a widely available and useful technique for characterizing cardiac and paracardiac abnormalities but suffers from a limited field of view and restricted acoustic access to mediastinal structures. MRI is an alternative noninvasive imaging technique for investigation of these abnormalities. Fourteen consecutive patients suspected of having cardiac or paracardiac masses on echocardiography were referred for cardiac MRI. MRI gave more complete visualization in four patients with infiltrating lung tumors and in one patient with intracardiac metastases who had a technically inadequate echo. Echo showed a rapidly moving Chiari network not seen on MRI. Both echo and MRI were helpful in patients with hiatal hernias (2); lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (2); left atrial myxoma (1); and calcified mitral annulus (3). We conclude that echocardiography and MRI should be used together to investigate patients with cardiac and paracardiac masses.     

Primary cardiac sarcoma mimicking benign myxoma: a case report

A 53-year-old woman presented with a primary cardiac sarcoma mimicking benign myxoma manifesting as progressive heart failure. Transesophageal echocardiography disclosed two separate tumors in the left atrium which appeared just like myxoma, except for the origin and multiple growth profile. Three separate tumors were identified during the operation arising from the posterior wall of the left atrium, mitral valve orifice and left atrial free wall. The histological diagnosis was malignant undifferentiated sarcoma. Six months later, she noticed dyspnea and arm numbness due to local recurrence of cardiac tumor and brain metastasis. She died suddenly 6 months after the surgery during admission. The clinical and echocardiographic findings are crucial to discriminate malignant cardiac tumors from benign myxoma. Rapidly progressive clinical course, multiple tumor growth and non-septal attachment of the tumor all suggest a malignant profile of the primary cardiac tumors. Careful and precise preoperative evaluation, including echocardiographic survey of the tumor origin and multiple growth profile, are essential to identify malignant cardiac tumor.     

Surgical treatment of primary cardiac tumors: 28 years' experience in Kanazawa University Hospital

To examine the clinical features of primary cardiac tumors, 34 patients who underwent surgical treatment from 1973 to 2000 at the Kanazawa University Hospital were analyzed and the literature was reviewed. The 34 patients were divided into 3 categories: (i) myxomas; (ii) benign non-myxomas; and (iii) malignant tumors. Twenty-three patients (70%) were diagnosed with myxomas, including 22 left atrial myxomas and 1 right atrial myxoma. Seven patients (18%) were diagnosed with benign non-myxoma tumors, including 3 hemangiomas, 1 fibroma, 1 rhabdomyoma, 1 pheochromocytoma, and 1 lipoma. Four patients (12%) were diagnosed with malignant tumors, including 2 angiosarcomas, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma, and 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Among the myxoma patients, in-hospital mortality was 9% (2/23), late mortality was 10% (2/21), and no recurrent myxomas have been identified. Among benign non-myxoma patients there were no perioperative deaths; however, 1 patient died 11 years after surgery, with no linked cause. No recurrent tumors have been identified. Among malignant tumor patients, 1 patient died the day following surgery and the rest died within 14 months. Early and late results of surgery were acceptable for those patients with benign tumors, while the prognosis for patients with malignant tumors was very poor.     

Primary adenocarcinoma of the left atrium mimicking benign myxoma

Primary tumors of the heart are rare, whereas cardiac metastases, most frequently from adenocarcinomas, occur in up to 20% of malignant tumors. We report about a 61-year-old female patient who was admitted with recurrent stress-induced dizziness, intermittent tachycardia and a fall due to a pre-syncope. Echocardiography showed a left atrial tumor with the typical features of a pediculated myxoma, leading to open heart surgery. However, histopathology revealed a 2.2 x 1.5 cm adenocarcinoma. The subsequent search for a primary tumor, including tumor markers and (18)F-FDG-PET, was unsuccessful, as was a second thorough diagnostic workup half a year later. The tumor was therefore classified as a primary cardiac adenocarcinoma.     

Coinciding anomalous coronary artery and papillary fibroelastoma

The primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare tumors that arise from the normal cardiac tissues. There are benign variants (mostly myxoma) and malignant tumors. Fibroelastoma (FE) is the most common primary tumor, of which myxoma is the most common subtype followed by papillary fibroelastomas (PFE). They account for the majority of primary heart valvular tumors that mainly involve the left (mitral and aortic) valves, and only few cases reported pulmonary valve PFE [1]. We present a case of 61 year old female who had incidental pulmonary valve papillary fibroelastoma finding on echo along with anomalous coronary arteries.     

A rare cardiac tumor: the malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Description of a case]

The present report describes the case of a 61-year-old woman with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the left atrium originating from the left atrial free wall, operated on in emergency for a suspected large left atrial myxoma that, at the echo scan, was consistently protruding through the left atrioventricular orifice at each diastole and was almost completely occluding the left ventricular inflow, causing signs of congestive heart failure and severe dyspnea. Surgery was performed as radically as possible, but the histological examination of the specimen revealed the exact diagnosis of the neoplasm. About 75% of primary tumors are benign and 75% of these are atrial myxomas. The malignant tumors consist of various sarcomas: myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The long-term results for sarcomas are very poor and there are few survivors after several months from surgery due to the extent of local spread and invasion or because of the frequent distant metastases. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma constitutes about 2% of all cardiac malignancies, which might grow within several localized areas, occasionally in the heart. Echocardiography represents the best examination procedure for both diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cardiac tumors.