宁夏回汉族人群Wnt3基因单核苷酸多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性的研究

目的 探讨宁夏回汉族人群中Wnt3基因rs142167和rs7216231位点单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCL/P）的相关性。方法 收集宁夏地区回汉族人群非综合征型唇腭裂患者371例为病例组,其中汉族患者166例,回族患者205例;收集患者父亲196例,患者母亲224例,其中150例患者为NSCL/P核心家系;258例健康新生儿为对照组,其中汉族190例,回族68例。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法检测Wnt3基因多态位点rs142167和rs7216231基因型,对比分析2组的基因型和等位基因,并进行传递不平衡检验（TDT）和以家系为基础的相关性检验（FBAT）分析。结果 回汉族人群病例组与对照组比较及其民族分层比较,唇裂、腭裂、唇腭裂及总病例组rs142167和rs7216231位点均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。TDT分析结果显示：rs142167和rs7216231位点的等位基因均不存在过传递（P＞0.05）。FBAT分析结果显示：单倍型G-G具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 Wnt3基因多态性与宁夏地区回汉族人群非综合征型唇腭裂不存在相关性。     

Homozygote C/C at rs12543318 was risk factor for non‐syndromic cleft lip only from Western Han Chinese population

Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disorder, and it results from both of the genetic modifiers and environmental factors, with genetic modifiers contributes to it more than environmental factors. GWASs made great progress in identifying the candidate genes for NSCL/P, but the findings need to be replicated in other populations. In this study, we selected eleven SNPs from recent GWASs and GWAS meta‐analysis to investigate their associations among 308 NSCL/P trios (134 non‐syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) trios and 174 non‐syndromic cleft lip with cleft palate (NSCLP) trios) from Han Chinese population. All SNPs were genotyped using SNPscan method and analyzed the data with FBAT, PLINK, and R package. Allelic TDT analysis showed that allele A at rs12543318 was associated with NSCLO trios (P = .0032, OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.83), and parent‐of‐origin effect analysis indicated that allele A at rs12543318 was significantly maternally undertransmitted among NSCLO (P = .0046), which implied the potential influence of genomic imprinting; global TDT further confirmed this association. Individual genotypic TDT showed homozygote C/C at rs12543318 was overtransmitted among NSCLO (Z = 3.79, P = .00015) and NSCL/P groups (Z = 3.83, P = .00013), which indicated that it could increase the risk to have cleft babies. Our findings indicated that rs12543318 was associated with NSCLO from Western Han Chinese population, which will give new scientific evidence for later researches in the etiology of NSOCs.     

小泛素化修饰基因-1多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性研究

目的探讨小泛素化修饰基因-1（SUMO-1）rs6709162、rs7599810和rs7580433位点单核苷酸多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂（NSOC）的相关性。方法收集宁夏地区NSOC患者208例、患者父亲189例、患者母亲176例、完整核心家系（患者及其父母）172个进行研究,并收集正常新生儿284例作为对照。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法检测SUMO-1基因多态位点rs6709162、rs7599810和rs7580433基因型,并进行病例对照分析、传递不平衡检验（TDT）和以家系为基础的相关性检验（FBAT）。结果病例对照研究发现：SUMO-1基因rs7599810位点的TT基因型频率在唇裂、腭裂组与对照组比较有统计学差异（P=0.01,P=0.01）。TDT分析结果：rs7599810位点的T等位基因在唇腭裂组中存在过传递（P=0.00）;rs6709162位点的C等位基因在腭裂和唇腭裂组中存在过传递（P=0.00,P=0.01）;rs7580433位点的G等位基因在唇裂组中存在过传递（P=0.05）。FBAT分析结果：rs7599810位点TT基因型和T等位基因的分布具有统计学意义（P=0.00,P=0.00）。结论SUMO-1基因多态性与NSOC存在相关性。     

PRDM16基因及母亲孕期环境暴露因素与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性研究

目的 探究PRDM16基因rs7525173、rs2236518、rs2493264及母亲孕早期吸烟饮酒与非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCL/P）发生的相关性。方法 收集157个患者-父母核心家系,采用连接酶检测反应（LDR）和直接测序两种方法进行基因分型,使用传递不平衡检验（TDT）、连锁不平衡检验（LD）等对数据进行统计分析。收集1 710例唇腭裂患者及956例健康新生儿,填写《唇腭裂患者流行病学调查问卷》,对孕期父母吸烟饮酒暴露因素进行分析。结果 rs2236518位点C等位基因在腭裂组中存在过传递（P<0.05）,其余位点在各组中均无明显统计学意义。母亲吸烟、母亲被动吸烟及母亲饮酒3个因素存在统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 PRDM16基因rs2236518多态性与NSCL/P存在相关性,母亲吸烟、母亲被动吸烟及母亲饮酒与唇腭裂的发生存在密切联系。     

Association between BMP4 gene polymorphisms and cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a population from South China

ObjectivePrevious studies have suggested an association between several polymorphisms of the BMP4 gene and susceptibility to non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in various populations. However, this association may vary according to ethnic group and the form of NSCL/P. This study analyzed the association between the BMP4 gene polymorphisms rs762642, rs17563, and rs10130587 with the risk of cleft lip only (CLO), cleft palate only (CPO), and cleft lip with palate (CLP) in a population from South China.MethodsThis case-control study included 165 patients with NSCL/P (53 patients with CPO, 52 with CLO, and 60 with CLP) and 52 healthy volunteers. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all subjects to genotype the rs762642, rs17563, and rs10130587 polymorphisms by direct sequencing. Genotype and allelic frequencies of these polymorphisms were compared between healthy volunteers and patients with various forms of NSCL/P.ResultsThe genotype and allelic frequencies of rs762642 differed significantly between subgroups (CPO and CLP) and normal controls, whereas a significant difference was observed only in the CLO subgroup for the rs17563 polymorphism and in the CLO and CLP groups for the rs10130587 polymorphism. In addition, we identified a novel association of a BMP4 gene polymorphism, which was in linkage disequilibrium with the rs10130587 polymorphism, with CLO and CLP.ConclusionThe BMP4 gene polymorphisms rs762642, rs17563, and rs10130587 exhibit different associations with different forms of NSCL/P, suggesting that different forms of NSCL/P may have different etiologies.     

Susceptibility locus for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on chromosome 10q25 confers risk in Estonian patients

Nikopensius T, Birnbaum S, Ludwig KU, Jagomägi T, Saag M, Herms S, Knapp M, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Metspalu A, Mangold E. Susceptibility locus for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on chromosome 10q25 confers risk in Estonian patients. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 317–319. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common birth defects and has a multifactorial etiology that includes both genetic and environmental factors. Recently, two novel susceptibility loci and three suggestive loci for NSCL/P were identified by a genome‐wide association scan (GWAS) in a German population with subsequent independent replication in a mixed European population. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether these newly detected loci confer similar effects in the North‐East European Baltic population. A total of 101 NSCL/P patients and 254 controls from Estonia were included. A significant association was observed for rs7078160 (P = 0.0016) at chromosome 10q25, which confirms the association of this locus with NSCL/P in the Baltic population. No significant association was found for the other four loci, a result that may have been attributable to the limited power of the sample.     

山西人群MTHFR基因rs1801133位点多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂的关联性研究

目的:研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)基因rs1801133位点多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂(NSCL/P)的关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,检测334例非综合征性唇腭裂患者和314例正常对照组的MTHFR基因rs1801133位点的多态性。结果:MTHFR基因rs1801133位点基因型频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;MTHFR基因rs1801133位点基因型及等位基因的分布在NSCL/P组与对照组之间均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:MTHFR基因rs1801133位点多态性与山西人群非综合征性唇腭裂的发生无关。     

Familial non-syndromic cleft lip and palate--analysis of the IRF6 gene and clinical phenotypes

The aim of this study was to characterize Swedish families with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) for mutations or other sequence variants in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene, as well as to describe their cleft phenotypes and hypodontia. Seventeen Swedish families with at least two family members with NSCL/P were identified and clinically evaluated. Extracted DNA from blood samples was used for IRF6 mutation screening. Exonic fragments of the IRF6 gene were sequenced and chromatograms were inspected. Statistical analysis was undertaken with marker- and haplotype association tests. No disease-associated IRF6 mutation could be determined in the families analyzed. One new and seven known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. The A allele of SNP rs861019 in exon 2 and the G allele of SNP rs7552506 in intron 3 showed association with cleft lip and palate (CLP; odds ratios of 3.1 and 5.45, respectively). Hypodontia was observed more commonly in individuals affected with CL/P as compared with family members without a cleft (P < 0.01). The hypodontia most often affected the cleft area, possibly representing a secondary effect. The distribution of cleft phenotypes in 15 of the 17 families with NSCL/P differed from the mixed cleft types seen in Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), in that CLP did not occur together with an isolated cleft palate within the same family. It was concluded that mutations of the IRF6 gene are not a common cause for cleft predisposition in Swedish NSCL/P families.     

Association Between PAX9 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of PAX9 gene to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS-CL/P). The samples consisted of 142 Korean NS-CL/P families (90 males and 52 females; 9 cleft lip, 26 cleft lip and alveolus, and 107 cleft lip and palate; 76 trios and 66 dyads). A total of 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with Korean CL/P case-parent trios using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and conditional logistic regression models. The minor allele frequency, heterozygosity, and a χ test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at each SNP were computed between parents. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was computed as both D' and r for all SNPs. Both allelic and genotypic TDTs were performed for individual SNPs using family-based association test program. Sliding windows of haplotypes consisting of 2 to 8 SNPs were tested using haplotype-based association test program. Genotypic odd ratios were obtained from conditional logistic regression models using STATA software. The family-based TDT using individual SNPs and 2- to 8-SNP haplotypes of the gene indicated a significant association at rs17104928 (P = 0.014). The haplotype analysis revealed that the association was most significant for the haplotype consisting of 3 SNPs (rs2073247, rs17104928, and rs17176643; P = 0.007). G/A heterozygote at rs17104928 had a significantly increased association with NS-CL/P (genotypic odd ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-5.84; P = 0.0014, dominant model). The high-risk SNP and genotype may provide a better understanding of the etiologic role of PAX9 gene in NS-CL/P and potential options for genetic counseling.     

BMP7 Gene involved in nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in Western han Chinese

Background

Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOCs) are the most common craniofacial birth defects with complex etiology in which multiple genes and environmental exposures are involved. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), as a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, has been shown to play crucial roles in palate and other orofacial ectodermal appendages development in animal models.

Material and Methods

This study was designed to investigate the possible associations between BMP7 gene and the NSOCs (221 case-parent trios) in Western Han Chinese. Five tagSNPs at BMP7, rs12438, rs6099486, rs6127973, rs230188 and rs6025469 were picked and tried to cover the entire gene. In order to identify the contribution of BMP7 gene to the etiology of NSOCs, we performed several statistical analysis from different aspects including transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD), parent-of-origin effect and Chi-squared/Fisher’s exact tests.

Results

Rs6127973 G allele and G/G homozygotes were over-transmitted for both NSOCs (P=0.005 and P=0.011, respectively) and NSCL/P (P=0.0061 and P=0.011, respectively), rs6127973 G allele was also paternally over-transmitted for both NSOCs (P=0.0061) and NSCL/P (P=0.011).

Conclusions

This study suggested that rs6127973 may be a risk factor of being NSOCs and confirmed the role of BMP7 gene in orofacial deformity from Western Han Chinese, which will also supply scientific evidence for future research and genetic counseling. Key words: Single nucleotide polymorphisms, nonsyndromic orofacial clefts, BMP7.     

可溶性环氧化物水解酶2基因与中国汉族人群非综合征型唇腭裂的关联研究

目的 探究可溶性环氧化物水解酶2基因（EPHX2）的遗传变异位点与中国汉族人群非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCL/P）的相关性。方法 本研究以159个中国汉族NSCL/P患者作为研究对象,对EPHX2基因区域开展了目标区域捕获测序,更全面地检测了EPHX2基因区域的遗传变异位点。以诺禾致源基因数据库的542名中国汉族健康人的全基因组测序数据作为对照,进行常见变异位点关联分析和针对罕见变异位点的负荷分析。结果在中国汉族人群NSCL/P的关联分析中发现,rs57699806的差异具有统计学意义（P=0.000 13,OR=2.849,95%CI:1.691～4.800）,其次为rs4732723 (P=0.006 50,OR=0.662,95%CI:0.491～0.892),rs7829267 (P=0.009 20,OR=1.496,95%CI:1.117～2.005),rs721619 (P=0.011 00,OR=1.474,95%CI:1.098～1.980)和rs7816586 (P=0.040 00,OR=1.310,95%CI:1.015～1.691)。其中rs4732723的C等位...     

TCN2基因与非综合征性唇腭裂的关系

目的研究叶酸代谢相关基因TCN2与中国人群中非综合征性唇腭裂的关系。方法通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性,在108例非综合征性唇腭裂患者和184名正常对照个体中,对TCN2基因2个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）（rs10418和rs1801198）进行检测。利用拟合优度卡方检验,分析基因型分布频率是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律;应用UNPHASED软件包分析单个单核苷酸多态性位点以及两个位点单倍型与非综合征性唇腭裂的相关性。结果 2个SNP位点基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;等位基因分布和单倍型组合在非综合征性唇腭裂患者与对照组之间无显著性差异;rs10418 TT基因型能增加非综合征性唇腭裂患病风险。结论 TCN2基因rs10418 TT基因型是非综合征性唇腭裂的危险因素。     

宁夏地区非综合征型唇腭裂环境因素的研究

目的 探讨宁夏地区非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCL/P）发病相关环境因素。方法 采用病例对照研究方法纳入NSCL/P患者453例,正常新生儿452例。对研究对象进行问卷调查,利用SPSS 16.0统计软件对数据进行卡方检验和Logistic回归分析。结果 NSCL/P患病类型构成比为唇裂︰唇裂合并腭裂︰腭裂=1︰2.02︰1.51。Logistic回归分析显示妊娠期发生异常、妊娠期感染、流产史、孕前孕中服用药物、饮茶、吸烟、饮酒、居住地附近工厂为危险因素（P<0.05）。单胎、早孕反应、食用豆制品食物、水果为保护因素（P<0.05）。结论 加强母亲孕期饮食均衡,避免感染、流产、服用药物以及不良生活习惯对降低NSCL/P的发生具有重要意义。     

MSX1基因A274V多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂的关系

目的 研究同源异型盒基因1 (muscle segment homeobox1,MSX1) A274V多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂(non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,NSCL/P)的关系.方法 利用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,在162例非...     

Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Asian populations: Association analysis on three gene polymorphisms of the folate pathway

ObjectiveOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are one of the most common birth defects in humans. They are the subject of a number of investigations aimed at elucidating the bases of their complex mode of inheritance involving both genetic and environmental factors. Genes belonging to the folate pathway have been among the most studied. The aim of the investigation was to replicate previous studies reporting evidence of association between polymorphisms of folate related genes and the occurrence of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), using three independent samples of different ancestry: from Tibet, Bangladesh and Iran, respectively.DesignSpecifically, the polymorphisms rs1801133 of MTHFR, rs1801198 of TCN2, and rs4920037 of CBS, were tested.ResultsA decreased risk of NSCL/P was observed in patients presenting the C677T variant at MTHFR gene (relative risk for heterozygotes = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [C.I.] = 0.32–0.87). The investigated polymorphisms mapping at TCN2 and CBS genes did not provide any evidence of association.ConclusionOverall, these results indicate that NSCL/P risk factors differ among populations and confirm the importance of testing putative susceptibility variants in different genetic backgrounds.     

Contribution of polymorphisms in genes associated with craniofacial development to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in the Brazilian population

Background and Objective: Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disease associated with both genetic and environmental factors. One strategy for identifying of possible NSCL/P genetic causes is to evaluate polymorphic variants in genes involved in the craniofacial development. Design: We carried out a case-control analysis of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 9 genes related to craniofacial development, including TBX1, PVRL1, MID1, RUNX2, TP63, TGF?3, MSX1, MYH9 and JAG2, in 367 patients with NSCL/P and 413 unaffected controls from Brazil to determine their association with NSCL/P. Results: Four out of 13 polymorphisms (rs28649236 and rs4819522 of TBX1, rs7940667 of PVRL1 and rs1057744 of JAG2) were presented in our population. Comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies revealed that the G variant allele and the AG/GG genotypes of TBX1 rs28649236 occurred in a frequency significantly higher in controls than in the NSCL/P group (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.25-0.67; p=0.0002). The frequencies of rs4819522, rs7940667 and rs1057744 minor alleles and genotypes were similar between control and NSCL/P group, without significant differences. No significant associations among cleft types and polymorphisms were observed. Conclusion: The study suggests for the first time evidences to an association of the G allele of TBX1 rs28649236 polymorphism and NSCL/P. Key words:Cleft lip, cleft palate, polymorphism, genetic.     

Contribution of 6p24 to non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in a Malay population: association of variants in OFC1

Non-syndromic cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is a heterogeneous, complex disease with a high incidence in the Asian population. Several association studies have been done on cleft candidate genes, but no reports have been published thus far on the Orofacial Cleft 1 (OFC1) genomic region in an Asian population. This study investigated the association between the OFC1 genomic region and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in 90 Malay father-mother-offspring trios. Results showed a preferential over-transmission of a 101-bp allele of marker D6S470 in the allele- and haplotype-based transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), as well as an excess of maternal transmission. However, no significant p-value was found for a maternal genotype effect in a log-linear model, although single and double doses of the 101-bp allele showed a slightly increased cleft risk (RR = 1.37, 95% CI, 0.527-3.4, p-value = 0.516). Carrying two copies of the 101-bp allele was significantly associated with an increased cleft risk (RR = 2.53, 95% CI, 1.06-6.12, p-value = 0.035). In conclusion, we report evidence of the contribution of the OFC1 genomic region to the etiology of clefts in a Malay population.     

Gene-gene interaction for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chilean case-parent trios

ObjectiveNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a birth defect for which several genes susceptibility genes been proposed. Consequently, it has been suggested that many of these genes belong to common inter-related pathways during craniofacial development gene-gene interaction. We evaluated the presence of gene-gene interaction for single nucleotide polymorphisms within interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), muscle segment homeobox 1 (MSX1), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and transforming growth factor 3 (TGFB3) genes in NSCL/P risk in Chilean case-parent trios.DesignFrom previous studies, we retrieved genotypes for 13 polymorphic variants within these four genes in 152 case-parent trios. Using the trio package (R) we evaluate the gene-gen interaction in genetic markers pairs applying a 1°-of-freedom test (1df) and a confirmatory 4°-of-freedom (4df) test for epistasis followed by both a permutation test and a Benjamini-Hochberg test for multiple comparisons adjustment.ResultsWe found evidence of gene-gene interaction for rs6446693 (MSX1) and rs2268625 (TGFB3) (4df p = 0.024; permutation p = 0.015, Benjamini-Hochberg p = 0.001).ConclusionsA significant gene-gene interaction was detected for rs6446693 (MSX1) and rs2268625 (TGFB3). This finding is concordant with research in animal models showing that MSX1 and TGFB3 are expressed in common molecular pathways acting in an epistatic manner during maxillofacial development.     

WNT10A rs147680216 G>A mutation indicates a higher risk for non-syndromic oral cleft in a northeastern Chinese population

Non-syndromic oral cleft lip and palate is a heterogeneous group of congenital malformations that consist of cleft palate, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. The members of the wingless type mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) integration site family (Wnts) regulate various developmental processes including craniofacial development, and have a role in that of cleft lip and palate. We aimed to identify the potential polymorphisms in the Wnt10a gene, and to explore the association between the variations in the gene and the risk of development of cleft palate. A total of 198 affected patients (cleft lip, n = 67; cleft palate, n = 48; and both, n = 83) together with 187 healthy controls were enrolled (all from the Chinese Han population in NE China). A fragment of 316 bp was amplified from the blood genome of each participant by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers that targeted the Homo sapiens Wnt10a gene. By using the restriction enzyme AluI, the population analysed were classified into three genotypes, GG (316 bp), GA (316 bp, 117bp, 199bp) and AA (117bp, 199bp) based on the rs147680216 G/A polymorphism (Gly>Ser mutation at position 213 of Wnt10a protein) of theWnt10a gene. The frequency of allele A in the affected group was significantly higher (14.1% compared with 3.2% in the control group). The allele G with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.201 and 95% CI of 0.445 to 0.091 was not a risk factor for the condition in the affected group. However, the distribution of the genotype did affect its occurrence in the affected group (p < 0.001), but not the classification of types (p = 0.901). In conclusion we found an rs147680216 G>A mutation that was associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in the Wnt10a gene.     

邯郸地区非综合征唇腭裂患儿发生率及其与环境因素和IRF6基因多态性的相关性研究

目的分析邯郸地区非综合征唇腭裂(non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,NSCL/P)患儿发生率及其与环境因素和IRF6基因多态性的相关性。方法对2016年3月-2018年4月产科新生儿22460例临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计唇腭裂发生情况。并采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析影响新生儿发生唇腭裂的影响因素。结果①在22460例新生儿中,NSCL/P有48例,占比2.13‰,其中,单纯性唇裂15例,占比31.25%,腭裂12例,占比25.00%,唇腭裂21例,占比33.33%。;②所有患儿及其父母与健康组基因型频率分布经检验均符合HW平衡,NSCL/P组中单纯性唇裂与唇腭裂rs642961位点的AA基因频率明显高于健康组,数据间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);③父亲吸烟、母亲吸烟、母亲被动吸烟、母亲孕期具有疾病史与服药史、未补充维生素与叶酸等环境因素中新生儿NSCL/P的发病率明显增高(P<0.05);④母亲吸烟、母亲被动吸烟、母亲孕期具有疾病史与服药史、未补充维生素与叶酸等环境因素是影响新生儿发生NSCL/P的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 IRF6基因rs642961位点的变异可诱发NSCL/P的发生,同时,母亲吸烟与被动吸烟、母亲孕期具有疾病史与服药史、未补充维生素与叶酸等环境因素可增加NSCL/P发病的风险。